Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Photography and portraiture - What are the aspects of film and television language?
What are the aspects of film and television language?
Question 2: The artistic language of film and television is mainly the artistic language of movies. What is the function of artistic language? The first is (creating artistic image), and the second is having its own (aesthetic value) artistic language. It means that any art has its own unique ways and means of expression, and uses unique material media to create art, thus making this art have its own unique aesthetic characteristics and artistic characteristics. This unique expression or means is called artistic language. Every art has its own unique artistic language. For example, the language package of painting includes lines, colors and composition. Music language includes melody, harmony, rhythm and so on. And the film language includes painting, sound, montage and so on. These artistic languages are not only the means to create artistic images, but also have aesthetic value. In art appreciation activities, people not only appreciate the artistic images they create, but also appreciate their elaborate and creative artistic language. The more important function of artistic language is to create artistic images. It is artistic language that turns the aesthetic image in the artist's mind into an artistic image. The use of artistic language plays a direct role in shaping artistic image. For example, focal plane painting is the basic element of film language, and different lens images can create different artistic images. Artistic language can not only create artistic images, but also have aesthetic value. Therefore, artists in all artistic fields are committed to the innovation and exploration of artistic language. In this sense, artistic innovation must also include artistic language innovation. Chinese and foreign aestheticians and artists have long noticed the important role of artistic language in artistic creation and works. Especially in the 20th century, with the development of various arts, artistic language has attracted more and more attention from humanists and art theorists. In particular, Saussure, a famous Swiss linguist known as the father of structuralist linguistics, put forward the structuralist model of language in his Course of General Linguistics (19 16). Structuralist linguistics has influenced many aspects of humanities and social sciences, including film semiotics, which was born in the 1960s. Film semiotics was born in France, and its symbol is Christianity? Mace's Films: Language or Speech (1964). The formation of any works of art and the creation of any artistic image are inseparable from the objectification and objectification of certain means of material communication. It is precisely because of the function of artistic language or artistic symbol that artistic creation can be completed, the artist's aesthetic experience and artistic conception can be materialized from the state of consciousness into artistic works and artistic images, and human beings can communicate with each other in art. Artistic language or artistic symbol itself has independent aesthetic value. When people appreciate works of art, they first come into contact with lines, colors, sounds, paintings and so on. , so that some people's senses can directly perceive the external characteristics of works of art, of course, the main function of artistic language or artistic symbols is not to create artistic images, but to contain the connotation of consciousness and spirit in the material and perceptual shell. In addition, artistic language or artistic symbol is a tool of human artistic thinking, so each art has its own unique artistic language system or artistic symbol system. Painters use lines and colors to conceive and create, musicians use melody and harmony to conceive and create, and film artists use paintings, sounds and montages to conceive and create. In this sense, the study of artistic language and artistic symbols should become an important part of aesthetics and art.
I remember.
Question 3: film and television language 1, film and television language
Film and television art is a combination of sound and painting art, and it can't be called modern film and television art without any of them. Among the sound elements, the language factors of film and television are included. In film and television art, the requirements for language are different from other art forms and have their own special requirements and laws.
(1) Features and functions of film and television language
Film and television language has its own special rules, which are different from novel prose and broadcast language. Film and television language is used flexibly according to the special requirements of film and television broadcasting, and it is not necessary to completely abide by the "composition" of composition. Its functions and characteristics are summarized as follows.
? Coherence of language, harmony of sound and image
In film and television programs, if the language is decomposed, it is often not like a complete article. The language is intermittent and jumping, and the paragraphs do not necessarily have strict logic. But if we match the language with the pictures, we can see the indivisibility and strict logic of the whole program. This logic is manifested in the fact that language and pictures are not simply added or synthesized, but penetrate, dissolve, supplement and complement each other. In the combination of sound and picture, sometimes the picture is the main body to express the abstract connotation of the picture; Sometimes it's mainly sound, and the picture is just a hint of the image. According to the above analysis, film and television language has these characteristics and functions: deepening and subliming the theme, expressing the image with language; Language can abstract pictures and express concrete pictures into abstract concepts; Language can express the personality and mentality of different characters; Language can also connect pictures to make the transition smooth; Language can also omit pictures and some unnecessary pictures.
? The colloquialism and popularization of language
The audience of film and television programs is multi-level, except for some specific films, popular language should be used.
The so-called catchwords are the spoken language used in movies. If the language is not popular, incomprehensible and difficult to understand, it will distract the audience's attention. This kind of hearing impairment will hinder the visual function, affect the audience's feeling and understanding of the picture, and of course, it will not achieve good audio-visual effect.
? A concise summary of language
Film and television art is based on pictures, so film and television language must be concise and to the point. The time and space saved should be shown in pictures, so that the audience can freely daydream and imagine in limited time and space.
Commentary must also keep pace with the picture, or be full of programs, which will make the audience's hearing and vision tense, unable to see one thing clearly, and will interfere with and cover up their hearing.
? Accurate and appropriate language
Because the film and television paintings are displayed in front of the audience, and any details are unobstructed by the audience, the requirements for film and television language are quite accurate. Every line must stand the test of the audience. This is different from the broadcast language, and sometimes it is not accurate enough to confuse the audience's hearing. Before watching a video program, the audience can not only see the picture clearly, but also hear the sound effects and compare them with each other. If anything is different, it can be found by the audience.
If you can have different explanations and explanations for the same picture, see if your understanding is correct and the words are appropriate. If there is any contradiction, it is probably caused by inaccurate language expression.
2. Language recording
Language records in film and television programs include dialogues, explanations, narratives, monologues and noises. In order to improve the recording effect, we must pay attention to the quality of the narrator, recording skills and recording methods.
? The quality of commentators
A qualified commentator must have a full understanding of the manuscript, know the content and key points of the manuscript, and know some professional vocabulary. When reading, we should also grasp the theme and determine the tone of the sound, that is, the overall atmosphere and emotional appeal. In dubbing style, we should show clear love and hate, combine rigidity with softness, and be rigorous and vivid. Lines and dialogues must conform to the character's character, and the pronunciation of the explanation should be smooth and not ambiguous.
? record
Technically, recording requires creating favorable material conditions as much as possible, ensuring good sound quality and volume, and doing it in a professional recording studio as much as possible. At the recording site, there should be a sound engineer with unified command and tacit cooperation. When recording a commentary, you need to edit the picture first, and then let the dubbing staff watch the dubbing.
? Form of explanation
In the interpretation of film and television programs, there are many forms of interpretation, which need to be determined according to the content of the film. It can be roughly divided into three categories: first-person explanation, third-person explanation, first-person explanation and third-person explanation. & gt
Question 4: What aspects does the audio-visual language of movies include? A lot of ... audio-visual language is the skill of filming. Montage (editing), picture characteristics, music, shooting angle, lens, action, syntax, axis, position, narrative line and time and space in it. Are you a choreographer? At least give some points.
Question 5: What are the characteristics of film and television English language?
Question 6: The lens language contains everything.
We can usually see the photographer's intention through the pictures taken by the camera, because we can feel what the photographer wants to express through the lens from the changes of the theme and pictures. This is the so-called "my lens can talk", which is also commonly called "lens language". In the video world, although the speech is not the same as usual, the purpose is the same, so the lens language is irregular, as long as you express your meaning through the lens.
First of all, according to the different distance and perspective of the scene, the scene is generally divided into:
Extremely distant prospect: extremely distant lens scenery, people as small as ants.
Foresight: the far-reaching lens landscape, the characters only occupy a small position in the picture. Wide field of vision is divided into three levels according to the distance of the scene: large field of vision, large field of vision and small field of vision.
Panorama: a picture containing the whole subject and the surrounding environment. It is usually used to introduce the environment of film and television works, so it is called the widest lens.
Panorama: a film and television picture that captures the whole body of a character or a small scene, which is equivalent to the scenery in the "stage frame" of a drama or song and dance theater. In the panorama, you can clearly see the movements of the characters and their environment.
Small panorama: the actor is "indomitable" and is in a much smaller and relatively complete specification than the panorama.
Mid shot: commonly known as the "seven-point image", it refers to the lens that captures the part above the calf of a character, or is used to shoot a scene equivalent to this. It is a common scene for performing scenes.
Bust scene: commonly known as "bust", it refers to the scenery from the waist to the head, also known as "close-up in the middle".
Close shot: refers to the film and television pictures taken above the chest, sometimes used to show a certain part of the scene.
Close-up: refers to the camera shooting objects at close range. Usually, the head above the shoulder of the human body is used as a framing reference to highlight a certain part of the human body, or the corresponding object details and scene details.
Close-up: Also known as "close-up of details", it refers to the parts that protrude from the head, or some details of the body and objects, such as eyebrows, eyes, bolts, triggers, etc.
Second, the camera's motion (shooting mode) push: that is, push the lens, which means that the subject is not moving and the shooting machine moves forward to shoot, and the range of view is reduced from large to small, which is divided into fast push, slow push and urgent push, which is essentially different from zoom push.
Pull: the subject is still, and the shooting machine pulls back. The viewing range changes from small to large, and it can also be divided into slow pull, fast pull and quick pull.
Shake: the camera is still, and the fuselage rotates up and down and left and right according to the chassis on the tripod, which makes the audience look around as if they are standing in the same place.
Moving: Also called moving shooting. Broadly speaking, all kinds of sports shooting methods are mobile shooting. But in general, mobile photography refers to placing a camera on a vehicle, such as a track or a rocker arm, and shooting objects while moving along a horizontal plane. The combination of panning and panning can form a panning shooting mode.
Follow: refers to following the shooting. Follow-up is one kind, and there are follow-up, follow-up, follow-up, follow-up and so on. Will combine more than 20 shooting methods such as following, pulling, moving, ascending and descending. In short, the methods of follow-up are flexible and diverse, so that the audience's eyes are always fixed on the human body and objects being followed.
Hold up the camera.
Put down: Put down the camera.
Bow: Bow and arrow, often used to show the overall appearance of environment and occasions in a macro way.
Yang: Yang school often means tall and solemn.
Swing: Swing shot, that is, scanning shot, refers to the sudden transition from one subject to another as a means of scene change, without traces of editing.
Hanging: Hanging photography, sometimes including aerial photography. It has a wide range of expressive force.
Empty shot: also known as empty shot and scene shot, it refers to a pure scene shot without characters (whether people or related animals) in the play.
Cut: the generic term for the conversion lens. Any shot clip is a "clip".
Synthesis: refers to comprehensive shooting, also known as comprehensive lens. It combines several shooting methods such as pushing, pulling, shaking, moving, following, ascending, descending, leaning, leaning, spinning, throwing, hanging and flying into one lens to shoot.
Length: refers to the long lens. Film and television can be defined as a continuous picture of more than 30 seconds.
Counterattack: refers to shooting a scene of two people, and the camera shoots in the opposite direction. For example, shoot >>
Question 7: What aspects does literary translation include? What is the definition of film and television translation? Literary translation, as its name implies, is the translation of literary works. Literary translation in a broad sense includes extensive translation of all literary languages.
We can grasp it from three aspects: the beauty of phonology, rhetoric and discourse. Phonology, rhetoric and text structure reflect the progressive relationship between the language forms of the works from small to large and from low to high. This relationship requires the translator to examine the language form of the original text aesthetically from phonology to rhetoric, from rhetoric to text structure, and then condense his own aesthetic feelings at the end of the pen and reproduce them in the translator's language form.
Question 8: Audiovisual language in movies includes those concepts of audiovisual language.
The complete concept-1is a way of thinking, as one of the artistic methods of reflecting life in movies; Thinking method in images; (Words, dialogues, narration and other forms can't get rid of the problem) 2. As the basic structural means of the film, the arrangement and combination of narrative methods, shots, shots and scene paragraphs; 3. As a collective skill and method of film editing: the main research of film audio-visual language-thinking method; Creation method; Basic language; (internal movement of lens, lens splitting, lens combination, sound-picture relationship).
Question 9: What does the script include? Writing a script, such as designing a house, is inconclusive and infinitely changeable, but it is skillful and experienced. Don't believe all the famous sayings or stories of mediocre people. Finally, we should look at famous stories from famous scripts and see the gap from our own scripts. There were no such rules and regulations in Shakespeare's time, and Shakespeare's plays are still enduring today.
Actually, drama is an experiment. Just as novel is a theoretical science, drama is an experimental science. The novel is beautifully written and perfect. It can only be printed. The drama, no matter how well written, has to go through the director, actors, costumes, dance beauty and music, play dozens of rounds on the stage, and be rewritten, rewritten and rewritten by the audience. A good play has to be rewritten for at least one to several years. In this way, any book about script writing is not a Bible, and it cannot be blindly copied. Its rules and regulations are based on experience. Any time experience is the superposition of local experience, there are times when you can only see the trees but not the forest, you can learn instead of believing. Everything should be used by me, ready to break the routine and bring forth the new.
But there are some basic principles to know, just like a house with columns and beams, it should be load-bearing and stable. Because the troupe will spend a lot of money, many people and a month or two of precious time to arrange a play on your script, just like a real estate agent building a house according to your drawings. Bad script wastes people and money. Actors and directors have been training for many years to perform your plays. The audience spent a lot of money and sat still in the dark room for two hours. This is very contrary to human normality, which requires your play to give the audience enough enjoyment and teach him that it is worth his sacrifice. In Beijing, the audience should eat early, or they will be hungry and take a long bus ride to your theater. Put up with all this torture and come to see your play. You must make the audience enjoy it and make him feel that all the sacrifices are worth it. Besides, next time I watch your play, I will make even greater sacrifices.
Every word you say will eat a lot of blood, sweat and money from others. I've been thinking, is this word worth it?
Content of the script:
1。 Character: The main character related to the conflict.
2。 Subject: What is it about? It must be something valuable.
3。 Structure: the overall design of the story on the stage.
4。 Conflict: the motive force of drama.
5。 Stage scenery: visual content
6。 Subtext: The character should speak enough.
7。 Ideology: your own views and values.
8。 Voice: As a playwright, your own unique voice.
Before I continue to write, I want to make some explanations:
First, there are not many plays in China, but we see some problems. There is a little moisture in the play, and the script skill is insufficient, which always makes people impatient, and some really waste actors.
Second, accidentally writing "drama is not art" caused different views. This is actually very good. If a coin has no two different sides, it must be fake. If you have ever worried about your job, you will understand that drama is actually an industry. Just like catering is an industry, travel agency is an industry, and it is an industry. Only by doing business in a down-to-earth manner can there be fertile ground for art.
Thirdly, I feel that the script is a writing form that does not need "attainments" and dogma in literature. A playwright who has been in the drama for a long time and has attainments will find it difficult to go deep into reality when writing, while an experienced amateur writer has the feeling and experience of going deep into society. If you know a little basic knowledge of the script, you can write a touching book. What China lacks is such a fascinating and touching script.
So I have long wanted to write something. Originally, I wanted to translate a book about script writing, but each book has its own differences or gaps with the reality of China. So I opened the reference everywhere, mixed with my own feelings and ideas, and wrote an article at random.
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Of all the elements, I am the first to push people. Because drama is different from novel, novel faces readers with words, and drama communicates with audience with characters. Drama can have no script, and with actors and audiences, there will be drama. The characters in the play, whether cute, hateful or annoying, should not only communicate with the audience in the plot, but also communicate emotionally or rationally to make the audience feel something. People who make the audience feel nothing are like the nonsense in the novel. In a script, words are not language, and playwrights should tell stories with characters, and characters are the real language of the script. The novel should be vivid and the text should be detailed ... >>
Question 10: What are the commonly used movie languages in the artistic language of movies?
Pull the lens
Put the camera on the moving car and pull it back to the person or scene to get the picture. As the lens gradually moves away from the main body, the picture gradually unfolds from a part, allowing the audience to move back and see the connection between the part and the whole.
scenic photo
Empty lens is also called "scenery lens". A scene in which no characters (mainly those related to the plot) describe natural scenery or scenes. It is often used to introduce the environmental background, explain the time and space, express the feelings of characters, promote the development of stories and express the author's attitude. It has the functions of explanation, suggestion, symbol and metaphor. In the film, it can produce artistic effects such as lyricism, scene blending, artistic conception rendering, atmosphere contrast and association. , but also has a unique role in the time-space transformation of the picture and the adjustment of the film rhythm. There are two kinds of aerial photography: scenery photography and physical photography. The former is generally called landscape shooting, and it is mostly represented by panorama or perspective. The latter, also known as "detail description", generally adopts close-up or close-up. The use of empty lens is not only a simple description of scenery, but also an important means for film creators to combine lyric techniques with narrative techniques to strengthen the artistic expression of films.
Tracking lens
Also known as "follow the trend". A photograph taken by a camera following a moving object. Follow-up lens can continuously and carefully show the movements and expressions of characters in action, which can not only highlight the main body in motion, but also explain the direction, speed, posture of the moving body and its relationship with the environment, so as to keep the movement of the moving body coherent and help to show the mental outlook of the characters in the dynamic.
Synthetic lens
Generally speaking, it refers to the lens picture taken by "synthetic photography". Sometimes it refers to the sound-picture synthesis of the focal plane. In the process of shooting, the picture and sound are recorded on two carriers respectively, and the picture and vocal cords are not printed on one film until the film is copied. Therefore, shots with both sound and pictures are also called "synthetic shots".
Sound image calibration
An editing technique that combines sound and image asynchronously. In other words, the sound outside the painting promotes the development of the plot of the picture, or describes the inner world of the characters, so as to achieve the purpose of sound serving the content of the picture. Moving the sound processing forward or backward, that is, the sound head of the next shot enters the picture end of the previous shot in advance, or the sound end of the previous shot is delayed to the picture end of the next shot, thus forming a natural and smooth transition between the upper and lower shots, or leading to a certain dramatic effect, which is also a method of juxtaposing sound and painting.
Synchronization of sound and image
The dialogue and sound in the film are consistent with the action of the picture. That is to say, the vocal cords of the film are in strict harmony with the picture, so that the sound (including dubbing) maintains a natural relationship with the picture image, and the video in the picture and the sound it emits appear and disappear at the same time, which is consistent. On the contrary, sound and picture are not synchronized. The function of sound and picture synchronization mainly lies in strengthening the realism of the picture and improving the appeal of the visual image.
synchronize
Also known as "live recording". A recording method when shooting a movie. Generally speaking, tapes are used for recording. Synchronous recording requires the recording studio to be equipped with good sound insulation equipment, and the camera and tape recorder should be equipped with sound avoidance devices. The location shooting scene also adopts synchronous recording, and the recorded sound can be used as a reference for the actor's dubbing, thus improving the quality of the film dialogue.
presco
Also known as "pre-recording". A shooting method of recording first and then taking pictures. Opera film and music dance films with a lot of lyrics and music are often used, that is, before filming, the lyrics and music in the film are recorded as vocal cords, and then the actors play back the vocal cords when shooting the corresponding pictures.
cinerama
Also known as "dome movie" or "dome movie". A big-screen movie that appeared in the 1970s. Super wide-angle fisheye lens is used for shooting and projection. The audience hall is dome-shaped and the screen is hemispherical. The audience is surrounded by it, and the screen is like the sky. Because the screen image is large and clear, extending from the front to the back of the audience, accompanied by stereo surround sound, the audience feels very immersive.
Circular film
Also known as "screen movie". A film shown on a 360-degree circular screen around the circular inner wall of a cinema. Multiple cameras shoot at the same time, and multiple projectors project at the same time, including three, five, nine and eleven. The projector of the circular cinema is installed in the projection room above the circular screen, and the audience can stand in the center of the audience hall and watch at will. Because of the wide field of vision, it has a multi-channel three-dimensional effect, which can make the audience feel immersive. However, due to the assumption that ... >>
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