Which expert can tell me something about traditional western style?

The architectural style of ancient Greece is characterized by harmony, perfection and sublimity. Temple architecture in ancient Greece is the concentrated expression of these styles and characteristics, and it is also the greatest, most brilliant and far-reaching building in ancient Greece and even Europe. The characteristics of ancient Greek architectural style are most concentrated on columns:

Doric column: the proportion of the column is relatively thick, and the height is about 4 ~ 6 times of the bottom diameter. The column body has a groove, and the back of the groove is pointed, and there is no column base. The eaves height is about 1/4 of the total column height, and the column spacing is about 1.2 ~ 1.5 times of the bottom diameter.

Ionian column: the proportion of the column is slender, and the height is about 9 ~ 10 times of the base diameter. There is a groove on the column, and the back of the groove is belt-shaped. The eaves height is about 1/5 of the whole column height, and the column spacing is about 2 times of the bottom diameter.

Kosslyn Order: It is the same as the Ionian Order except that the column head is a basket full of rolled grass.

Ancient Greece is the cradle of European culture and the pioneer of western European architecture, but it is still in its infancy. They are still few in variety, simple in shape and naive in structure, which is due to the perfection of their art. The memorial buildings in ancient Greece were roughly formed in the 8th century BC, matured in the 5th century BC, and entered a broader development period in shape and technology in the 4th century BC.

Because religion occupies an important position in ancient society, temples in ancient countries are often the representatives of the highest achievements of architectural art in this country, and Greece is no exception. Ancient Greece was a pantheistic country. People think that every city-state and every natural phenomenon is dominated by one god, so the Greeks worship various gods to build temples. Greek temples are not only the center of religious activities, but also the place for citizens and businesses of city-states, and the place for storing public wealth. In this way, the temple became a holy place for the Greeks to worship, and public buildings such as arena, hall and guest house were built around the holy place.

The earliest temple buildings in Greece were just rectangular buildings with porches and nobles living in them. In their view, the temple is where God lives, and God is just a more perfect person, so the temple is just the residence of a higher person. Later, the column type was added, which gradually developed from the early "end colonnade" to the "front porch", that is, the porch in front of the temple was composed of four columns, and then developed to the "front and back porch". By the 6th century BC, the portico style had evolved into the standard form of Greek temple architecture-"enclosed column", that is, the rectangular temple was surrounded by colonnades.

2. Ancient Roman architecture

Ancient Roman architecture is an architectural style in which the ancient Romans followed the architectural technology of Etruscans in Apen Peninsula and inherited the architectural achievements of ancient Greece, and made extensive innovations in architectural form, technology and art. Ancient Roman architecture reached its peak from/kloc-0 to the 3rd century, and reached the peak of ancient western architecture.

There are many kinds of ancient Roman architecture. There are Roman Pantheon, Venus and Roman temples, as well as religious buildings such as Baalbek Sun Temple, as well as public buildings such as palaces, theaters, arenas, baths, squares and rectangular halls (rectangular halls). Residential buildings include inner-chamber houses, houses combining inner-chamber houses with column houses, and apartments with four or five floors.

The form of ancient Roman secular architecture is quite mature, and it is well combined with function. For example, in large theaters all over the Roman Empire, the audience plane is semicircular and rises in rows, with vertical aisles as the mainstay and horizontal aisles as the supplement. According to the ticket number, the audience arrives at the seats in each area from different entrances and stairs. People don't cross, so it's convenient to gather and disperse. The stage rises high, with the orchestra pit in front and the makeup building behind. The facade of the dressing building is the background of the stage, and both ends protrude forward to form the prototype of the podium, which is similar to the basic modeling of modern large-scale performance buildings.

The standard unit commonly used in ancient Roman multi-storey apartments. Some apartments have shops on the ground floor, and upstairs residents have balconies. This shape is similar to that of a modern apartment. Judging from the shapes of theaters, arenas, baths and apartments, the architectural design at that time was quite developed. The Ten Books of Architecture written by Vitruwei, an ancient Roman architect, is a summary of this science.

Ancient Roman architecture can meet all kinds of complex functional requirements, mainly relying on high-rise arch structures to obtain wide internal space. The tubular arch in the main hall of Flavian Palace on Baladin Mountain spans 29.3 meters. The diameter of the Pantheon dome is 43.3 meters. In the middle of the first century, a cross arch appeared, which covered the square building space, concentrated the weight of the vault on the piers at the four corners, and there was no continuous load-bearing wall, so the space was more open.

Combining several cross arches with cylindrical arches and domes can cover complex internal spaces. The royal baths of the Roman Empire are the representative works of this combination.

Constantine Cathedral, east of the central square of ancient Rome, has three cross arches in the center, with a span of 25.3 meters and a height of 40 meters. There are three cylindrical arches with a span of 23.5 meters on the left and right sides to resist the horizontal thrust, and the structural level is very high. The huge auditoriums of theaters and arenas are also built on complex arched ticketing systems.

Because of the use of pozzolanic concrete with high strength, convenient construction and low price, the arch coupon structure has been popularized. Around the second century BC, this kind of concrete became an independent building material, and by the first century BC, it almost completely replaced the stone, which was used to build arches and walls. The concrete surface is usually protected by a layer of square cone stone or triangular brick, and then plastered with a layer of ash or pasted with a layer of marble slab; There is also the practice of building a stone wall in front of the concrete wall as a surface layer.

The wooden structure technology of ancient Roman architecture has reached a considerable level, and the tie rod and compression rod of truss can be distinguished. Rome, Trajan, basilica and wood truss span 25 meters. The Colosseum in Rome, built in the first century A.D., can accommodate 50,000 spectators, and it took only 5-6 years to build. It was built on a filled lake, but the foundation did not sink significantly.

3. Romanesque architecture

Roman architecture is an architectural style in the Christian-popular areas in Europe from 10 to 12 century. Roman architecture originally meant Roman architecture, and also translated into Roman architecture, Roman architecture, Roman-like architecture and so on. Roman architectural styles are common in monasteries and churches.

The typical features of Roman architecture are: the wall is huge and thick, the wall adopts serial coupons, and the portal adopts concentric multi-layer coupons to reduce the heavy feeling. There are one or two bell towers in the west, and sometimes there are bell towers at the intersection of Latin crosses and horizontal halls. The large and small columns in the central hall are arranged alternately in rhythm. Narrow windows create a dark and mysterious atmosphere in a large internal space. The simple central hall contrasts with the magnificent altar, and the huge spatial change between the central hall and the side gallery breaks the sense of balance in classical architecture.

With the development of Roman architecture, the central hall is getting higher and higher. In order to reduce and balance the lateral spinal force of the arch foot on the towering middle hall and make the vault adapt to different sizes and forms of planes, Gothic architecture came into being later. As a transitional form, Roman architecture not only combines the heavy structure with the vertical rising momentum, but also successfully organizes the tower into a complete structure for the first time in architectural history.

Famous examples of Roman architecture are: Pisa Cathedral Complex in Italy, and Worms Cathedral in Germany.

4. Gothic architecture

Gothic architecture is an architectural style that originated in France in the second half of the 1 1 century and was popular in Europe from 13 to15th century. Mainly seen in Catholic churches, it also affects secular buildings. Gothic architecture occupies an important position in the history of architecture with its superb technical and artistic achievements.

The structural system of Gothic church consists of stone skeleton coupons and flying buttresses. Its basic unit is to make a double-center skeleton tip coupon on the pillars at the four corners of a square or rectangular plane, one on each side and one on the diagonal, and the roof slate is supported on the coupon to form a vault. In this way, coupons with the same height can be made on different spans, and the vault is light in weight and clear in intersection, which reduces the thrust of the coupon foot and simplifies the construction.

The flying crib is issued by the pier outside the side hall to balance the lateral thrust of the arch foot in the middle hall. In order to increase stability, minarets are often built on column piers. Due to the use of pointed vouchers, pointed arches and flying buttresses, the interior space of Gothic churches is spacious, simple and unified. Ornamental details such as canopies and niches are also themed with sharp coupons, and the architectural style and structural techniques form an organic whole.

5. Renaissance architecture

Renaissance architecture is an architectural style after Gothic architecture in European architectural history. /kloc-originated in Italy in the 0/5th century, and then spread to other parts of Europe, forming a unique Renaissance architecture. Italian Renaissance architecture occupies the most important position in Renaissance architecture.

The most obvious feature of Renaissance architecture is that it abandoned the Gothic architectural style in the Middle Ages, and re-adopted the pillar elements of ancient Greece and Rome in religious and secular architecture.

Renaissance architects and artists thought Gothic architecture was a symbol of Christian theocracy, while ancient Greek and Roman architecture was non-Christian. They believe that this kind of classical architecture, especially the classical cylindrical structure, is harmonious and reasonable, and has something in common with human beauty, which conforms to the humanistic concept of the Renaissance.

But Italian Renaissance architects are by no means amateurs. Although some people (such as Palladio and Vignola) have made strict specifications for classical columns in their works. However, architects at that time, including Palladio and Vignola himself, were not bound by norms.

On the one hand, they use classical columns, on the other hand, they are flexible and bold in innovation, and even integrate the architectural styles of various regions with classical columns. They also applied many scientific and technological achievements of the Renaissance, such as achievements in mechanics, perspective in painting, new construction machinery and tools. , into the practice of architectural creation.

During the Renaissance, the types, shapes and forms of buildings increased a lot. Architects not only embody the unified style of the times in their creations, but also attach great importance to expressing their artistic individuality. In a word, Renaissance architecture, especially Italian Renaissance architecture, showed unprecedented prosperity, which was a period of great development and improvement in the history of world architecture.

It is generally believed that the completion of Florence Cathedral in the15th century marked the beginning of Renaissance architecture. However, there are still different views on when the Renaissance architecture will end. Some scholars believe that until the end of18th century, nearly 400 years belonged to Renaissance architecture. Another view is that Italian Renaissance architecture ended at the beginning of17th century, and then turned into Baroque architecture.

The formation and continuation of Renaissance architecture outside Italy presents a complicated, tortuous and uneven situation. Architectural historians do not agree with the nature and duration of Renaissance architecture in other countries. Nevertheless, architectural historians agree that the Renaissance architecture centered on Italy had a wide and lasting influence on the architectural styles of Europe and many other regions in the next few hundred years.

6. Baroque architecture

Baroque architecture is an architectural and decorative style developed on the basis of Italian Renaissance architecture in 17 ~ 18 century. It is characterized by free appearance, dynamic pursuit, rich decoration and sculpture, strong color, and commonly used curved surface and oval space.

The original meaning of the word baroque is grotesque, and classicists use it to refer to this architectural style that is considered to be deviant. This style has played an important role in opposing rigid classical forms, pursuing free and unrestrained styles and expressing secular interests, and has influenced city squares, garden art and even literary and art departments. It was once popular in Europe.

7. Rococo style

Rococo style is a kind of architectural style, which is mainly manifested in interior decoration. 18 was born in France in the 1920s and developed on the basis of baroque architecture.

Rococo style is characterized by bright colors, exquisite decoration and exquisite furniture, unlike Baroque style with strong colors and rich decoration. The interior space of Rococo architecture in southern Germany and Austria is very complicated.

The characteristics of rococo decoration are: delicate and gentle, often using asymmetric techniques, like to use arcs and S-shaped lines, especially like to use shells, eddies and rocks as decorative themes, winding grass and flowers, lingering and winding into one. The ceiling and the wall are sometimes connected by curved surfaces, and murals are arranged at the corners.

In order to imitate the natural form, indoor buildings are often made into asymmetric shapes, which vary greatly, but sometimes they are artificial. Indoor wall painting, love to use bright light colors such as light green, pink, rose red and so on. And most of the feet are gold. Indoor dado boards are sometimes made of wooden boards and sometimes made into exquisite frames. There is a circle of lace around the frame, and the middle is often lined with light-colored oriental brocade.

Rococo style reflects the life interest of the court nobles in Louis XV period of France, which was once popular in Europe. The representative works of this style include the Princess Salon in Soubise Mansion and the Queen's Room in Versailles.

8. Romantic architecture

Romantic architecture is a popular architectural style influenced by literary romanticism in some European and American countries from the second half of18th century to the second half of19th century.

Romanticism emphasizes individuality in art, advocates naturalism, and advocates using medieval artistic style to compete with academic classicism. This trend of thought is manifested in the pursuit of ultra-dust and refined taste and exotic atmosphere in architecture.

From1the 1960s to the 1930s, it was the first stage of the development of romantic architecture, also known as pre-romanticism. Castle-like mansions in the Middle Ages and even sketches of oriental architecture have appeared. The 1930s and 1970s were the second stage of romantic architecture, which has developed into a trend of architectural creation. Because of the pursuit of medieval Gothic architectural style, it is also called Gothic Renaissance architecture.

9. Classical Renaissance architecture

Classical renaissance architecture was popular in some countries in Europe and America from18th century to19th century, and adopted rigorous ancient Greek and Roman architecture, also known as neoclassical architecture.

At that time, people were influenced by the Enlightenment and admired the ancient Greek and Roman culture. In terms of architecture, memorial buildings such as the square, the Arc de Triomphe and the meritorious column in ancient Rome have become examples to follow. At that time, many achievements were made in archaeology, and a large number of architectural treasures of ancient Greece and Rome were unearthed, which provided good conditions for the realization of this idea.

The classical revival architectural style is mainly used in public buildings such as parliament, courts, banks, exchanges, museums, theaters and some memorial buildings. This architectural style has little influence on ordinary houses, churches and schools.

France is the center of European bourgeois revolution at the end of 18 century and the beginning of 19 century, and it is also the center of classical revival of architecture. Classical buildings such as Panthé on were built in Paris before the French Revolution, and many memorial buildings were also built in Paris during the Napoleonic era, among which the Arc de Triomphe and Madeleine Church are replicas of ancient Roman architectural styles.

Britain mainly revives Greek architectural forms. Typical examples are Edinburgh Middle School, British Museum in London, Brandenburg Gate in Berlin, Berlin Palace Theatre designed by schenkel and Altas Museum. Brandenburg Gate is based on the gate of the Acropolis in Athens.

Before the independence of the United States, the architectural style was mostly European, which was called "colonial style". After independence, the American bourgeoisie tried to get rid of the colonial style of architecture while getting rid of colonial rule, and expressed democracy, freedom, glory and independence with the help of classical architecture in Greece and Rome, so classical renaissance architecture prevailed in the United States.

The U.S. Capitol is a typical example. It imitates the Pantheon in Paris, trying to show grandeur and emphasize commemoration. Greek architecture is also very popular in memorial buildings and public buildings in the United States. The Lincoln Memorial in Washington is an example.

10, compromise building

Eclectic architecture is a popular architectural style in some European and American countries from the first half of 19 century to the beginning of the 20 th century. Eclectic architects imitate various architectural styles in history at will, or freely combine various architectural forms. They don't emphasize the fixed French style, but only the proportional balance and pure formal beauty.

With the development of society, various buildings are needed to meet various requirements. /kloc-in the 0/9th century, the convenience of transportation, the progress of archaeology, the development of publishing industry and the invention of photography technology all helped people to understand and master the architectural heritage of previous times and regions. As a result, many cities have seen buildings with Greek, Roman, Byzantine, medieval, Renaissance and oriental sentiments.

/kloc-in the middle of the 0/9th century, eclectic architecture was the most typical in France, and the Paris Academy of Fine Arts was the center for spreading eclectic art and architecture at that time. 1At the end of the 9th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the United States was the most prominent. Generally speaking, the eclectic architectural trend of thought is relatively conservative, and new architectural forms are not created according to the emerging new building materials and new building technologies at that time.

The representative works of eclectic architecture are: Paris Opera House, which is an important monument of the Second Empire of France. The facade of the theater imitates the late Baroque architectural style of Italy, mixed with complex carvings, which has a great influence on European architecture.

1 1, functional architecture

Functionalist architecture is an architectural school, which believes that the form of architecture should obey its function. Since ancient times, many buildings have paid attention to function. However, in the late19th century, some architects in Europe and America opposed the academic design idea of pursuing form and neglecting function, explored the road of new architecture and highlighted the function of architecture.

With the development of modernist architectural movement, functionalism was all the rage in the 1920s and 1930s. Originally, emphasizing the function of architecture was one of the important viewpoints of modernist architectural movement, but later some people regarded it as an absolute creed and called it "functionalism". They believe that not only the architectural form must reflect the function and express the function, but also the architectural plane layout and spatial combination must be based on the function, and all components with different functions should be displayed separately.

In the 1920s and 1930s, another functionalist appeared, mainly some builders and engineers. They think that economically "affordable" buildings are functional buildings, which will automatically produce beautiful forms. These extreme ideas rule out the artistic laws of architecture itself and will only cause confusion to functionalism itself.

After 1950s, functionalism gradually disappeared, even making people happy. 6? 1 Corbusier also parted ways with functionalists. But there is no doubt that functionalism has played an important role in promoting the development of modern architecture from the beginning.

12, modernist architecture

Modernist architecture refers to an architectural trend of thought that dominated the western architectural world in the middle of the twentieth century. The representative of this kind of architecture advocates that architects should get rid of the shackles of traditional architectural forms and boldly create brand-new buildings that meet the conditions and requirements of industrialized society. Therefore, it has distinct rationalism and radicalism, and is also called modernist architecture.

Modernist architectural thoughts came into being in the late19th century, matured in the 1920s, and swept the world in the 1950s and 1960s. Since the 1960s, some people think that modernist architecture is out of date, and some people think that the basic principles of modernist architecture are still correct, but they need to be revised and supplemented. Since 1970s, when referring to modernist architecture, some documents have been labeled as "1920s" or "orthodox".

19 19, German architect Gropius was the principal of Bauhaus. Under his leadership, Bauhaus became one of the most radical art and architectural centers in Europe in the 1920s, which promoted the architectural innovation movement. German architect Mies? 6? 1 van der Rohe also published a series of articles in the early 1920s, expounding new ideas and showing the features of future buildings with schematic diagrams.

In the mid-1920s, Gropius Le? 6? 1 Corbusier, Miss? 6? 1 van der Rohe and others designed and built some buildings with novel styles. Among them, the Bauhaus school buildings in Gropius and Le? 6? 1 Savoi Villa in le corbusier, Swiss Student Dormitory in Paris, and his design scheme of Geneva International union buildings, Miss? 6? 1 Van der Rohe's German Pavilion at the Barcelona World Expo, etc. Under the influence of these three architects, some young European architects, such as Finnish architect Aalto, also designed some excellent new buildings in the late 1920s.

Different from academic architects, Gropius and others are concerned about the housing that ordinary residents need in large quantities, and some people have made scientific research on it.

1927, in Miss? 6? Under the auspices of 1 van der Rohe, a residential exhibition was held in Stuttgart, Germany, which had a great influence on the research work of residential buildings and the formation of new architectural styles. In 1928, 42 representatives of innovative architects from 12 countries gathered in Switzerland and established the International Association of Modern Architecture. One by one, "modernist architecture" also spread everywhere.

From Gropius Le? 6? 1 Corbusier, Miss? 6? From the speeches and practical works of 1 van der Rohe and others, it can be seen that the "modernist architecture" advocated by them emphasizes that architecture should keep pace with the times and modern architecture should adapt to the industrialized society; Emphasize that architects should study and solve the practical function and economic problems of buildings; Advocate the active adoption of new materials and structures, and give play to the characteristics of new materials and structures in architectural design; Advocate resolutely getting rid of the shackles of outdated architectural styles and creating new architectural styles; Advocate the development of new architectural aesthetics and create new architectural styles.

The representative figures of modernist architecture advocate new architectural aesthetic principles. Including the unity of expression and construction means; Coordination between architectural form and internal function; The logic of architectural image; Flexible and balanced asymmetric composition; Simple manipulation and pure body shape; Absorb the new achievements of visual art in architectural art.

Some people call these architectural views "functionalism", others "rationalism", but more people call them "modernism".

In the 1920s-1930s, the architectural works designed by architects with modernist architectural ideas had some similar formal features, such as flat roofs, asymmetrical layout, smooth white walls, simple eaves treatment, glass windows of different sizes, and little or no decorative molding. Such an architectural image appeared in many countries for a time, so someone named it "International Architecture". Of course, the name is in some superficial forms.

In 1930s, modernist architectural thought spread rapidly from Western Europe to all parts of the world. Because the German fascist regime is hostile to the new architectural ideas, Gropius and Smith? 6? 1 van der Rohe was forced to move to the United States one after another; Bauhaus school was closed. However, Bauhaus's teaching content and design ideas have had a far-reaching impact on architectural education all over the world.

Modernist architectural thought is first implemented in practical building types such as factory buildings, primary and secondary schools, hospitals, libraries and a large number of residential buildings. In 1950s, it was also realized in memorial and national buildings, such as the United Nations Headquarters Building and the Parliament Building. By the middle of the twentieth century, modernism occupied a dominant position in the world architectural trend.

13, postmodern architecture

Since the 1960s, there has been an ideological trend in the United States and Western Europe to oppose or amend modernist architecture. After World War II, modernist architecture became the dominant architectural trend in many parts of the world. However, differences quickly emerged within the modernist architectural camp, and some people questioned and criticized the views and styles of modernist architecture.

1966, in the book Complexity and Contradiction of Architecture, American architect Venturi put forward a set of architectural theories and propositions that were in sharp opposition to modernist architecture, which caused shock and repercussions in the field of architecture, especially among young architects and architectural students. In 1970s, the trend of opposing and deviating from architectural modernism became more intense. This tendency has been called by different names, such as "anti-modernism", "post-modernism" and "post-modernism", and the latter is widely used.

People have different views on what postmodernism is and what are the main features of postmodern architecture. American architect Stern proposed that postmodern architecture has three characteristics: decorative; Symbolic or metaphorical; Integration with existing environment.

At present, it is generally believed that Venturi did put forward a relatively complete guiding ideology for postmodernism. Although he himself does not want to be regarded as a post-modernist, his remarks have played an extremely important role in inspiring and promoting the post-modernist movement.

Venturi criticized modernist architects for being keen on innovation and forgetting that they should be "experts in keeping tradition". Venturi's traditional practice is to "use traditional ingredients and introduce new ingredients appropriately to form a unique whole" and "combine traditional ingredients through unconventional methods". He advocated drawing lessons from folk architecture, especially appreciating the spontaneously formed architectural environment in American commercial streets. Venturi concluded: "For artists, innovation may mean choosing and choosing from old and existing things." In fact, this is the basic creative method of post-modern architects.

Western architectural magazines promoted post-modernist architectural works in the 1970s, but in fact, until the mid-1980s, there were few representative post-modernist buildings in Western Europe or the United States. Typical examples are the expansion of Allen Art Museum of Oberlin College, Portland Municipal Building, AT&T Building, Philadelphia Apartment for the Aged, etc.

From 65438 to 0976, the extension of Allen Art Museum of Oberlin College, which was built in Ohio, USA, was connected with the old museum, and the colors and patterns of the walls echoed the original building. In a corner, a wooden and deformed Ionia pillar was placed in isolation, short, thick and funny, and got the nickname "Ione Mickey Mouse". This treatment embodies the technique advocated by Venturi: it is a fragment, a decoration, a symbol and an example of "combining traditional ingredients in an unconventional way".

The AT&T Building was completed in 1984, and the architect was Johnson. The building is located in the bustling Madison Avenue in Manhattan, new york. Johnson made the exterior of this tall building look like a stone building. At the bottom of the building, there is a tall colonnade; A circular arch in the middle is 33 meters high; The top of the building is made into a gable shape with a circular gap. Some people describe the roof as an old wooden clock from a distance. Johnson explained that he intended to inherit the style of new york's old skyscrapers at the end of the 9th century and the beginning of the 20th century.

Smith, an American architect, is regarded as the best among American postmodern architects. The houses he designed in Tuscany and Laurensen include two small houses, one in Spanish style and the other in classical style, that is, three orange classical columns are asymmetrically attached to the facade.

1980, the architectural exhibition of Venice Biennale Art Festival is considered as a worldwide exhibition of postmodern architecture. The exhibition is located in an arsenal left over from the16th century in Venice, Italy. Twenty architects from all over the world were invited to design the temporary building facade and form a 70-meter-long street in the factory. The theme of the exhibition is "Presentation of History".

Invited architects include Venturi, Seymour, Stern, Graves, Smith, Isozaki of Japan, Portoghesi of Italy, Bofil of Spain, etc. These post-modernist or quasi-post-modernist architects express fragments of historical architectural forms in their works in an unconventional way.

People's views on postmodernism are quite different, which is often related to their views on modernist architecture. Some people think that modernism only pays attention to the influence of function, technology and economy, ignoring and cutting off the connection between new buildings and traditional buildings, so it can't meet the requirements of ordinary people for architecture. In particular, they accused the international architecture associated with modernism of being out of harmony with the original architectural culture of various ethnic groups and regions, which destroyed the original architectural environment.

In addition, after the energy crisis in the 1970s, many people thought that modernist architecture was not more economical than traditional architecture and needed to change their attitude towards traditional architecture. Some people think that modernism reflects the requirements of the industrial revolution and industrialization period, and some developed countries have passed that period, so modernism is no longer suitable for the new situation. Those who hold the above views pin their hopes on postmodernism.

Those who oppose postmodernism believe that modernist architecture will develop with the times and should not deny the basic principles of modernism. They believe that it is correct for modernism to combine architectural design and artistic creation with social material production conditions, and it is also correct for architects to care about social problems. On the contrary, postmodernists mainly focus on decoration, symbol, metaphorical tradition and history, while ignoring many practical problems.

On the issue of form, postmodernists engage in new eclecticism and technicalism, which are superficial things. Therefore, those who oppose postmodernism believe that modernism is an all-round revolution in architectural thought, while postmodernism is only a popular style in architecture and cannot last long. The social and historical significance of the two cannot be compared.

Others think that it is reasonable for postmodernists to point out the shortcomings of modernism, but the prescription is not desirable. People think that the actual works produced by postmodernists so far are clumsy and mediocre in form and cannot be elegant. Some people think that postmodernists have not put forward any serious theories, but they have broken through the convention in architectural form and their works are enlightening.