Research trend of smart tourism

In 2008, Sam Palmisano, CEO of IBM, put forward the concept of "smart earth" for the first time at the round table meeting with American business leaders after Obama took office in the United States. Its goal is to make the world run more intelligently, involving the interaction among individuals, enterprises, organizations, governments, nature and society. Any interaction among them will be an opportunity to improve performance, efficiency and productivity. Its core is to use a new generation of information technology to change the interaction between government, companies and people in a smarter way, thus improving the clarity, efficiency, flexibility and response speed of interaction. Its characteristics are more thorough perception, more comprehensive interconnection and deeper intelligence. With the continuous development of the intelligence of the earth system, it also provides us with a more meaningful and brand-new development opportunity. Then smart electricity, smart transportation, smart medical care, smart food, smart banking, smart oil and so on have become the development goals of various industries.

Smart tourism is an important part of the construction of a smart earth, that is, using new technologies such as cloud computing and Internet of Things, through the Internet/mobile Internet, and with the help of portable terminal Internet devices, people can actively perceive and release information about tourism resources, economy, activities and tourists in time, so that people can know this information in time, arrange and adjust their work and travel plans in time, so as to achieve the effect of intelligent perception and convenient use of all kinds of tourism information and achieve better services through convenient means. Smart tourism has the following four characteristics:

1. Integrated Internet of Things-Intelligent sensing equipment connects tourist attractions, cultural relics and urban public facilities into a network, and senses the upstream and downstream operation of the tourism industry chain in real time.

2. Comprehensive integration —— Realize the complete connection and integration of the Internet systems of scenic spots, hotels, transportation and other facilities in the city, and integrate the data into the core database of tourism resources to provide intelligent tourism service infrastructure.

3. Collaborative operation-Based on the intelligent tourism service infrastructure, the key systems of the upstream and downstream of the tourism industry chain can cooperate harmoniously and efficiently to achieve the best operation of the urban tourism system.

4. Encourage innovation-encourage the government, tourism enterprises and tourists to carry out innovative applications of science and technology, business and business models on the basis of smart tourism service infrastructure, so as to provide a steady stream of development momentum for the city.

With the breakthrough of information technology, the construction of foreign tourism informatization is developing in depth. In recent years, smart tourism and tourism resources Internet of Things have been put forward and came into being. On the one hand, tourism informatization has been carried out to a certain extent, and information collection and storage in various fields of tourism industry has reached a considerable scale. Through the application of new technology, the accumulated information resources can give full play to their advantages; On the other hand, with the development of ubiquitous network and communication technology, sensor technology, RFID technology and cloud computing technology, the future informatization presents a new development direction and mode, and it is possible to accurately collect tourism information and use it as a resource.

In 2006, the United States introduced the RFID wristband system in the Pocono Mountain Resort in Pennsylvania and began to try smart tourism. Visitors can open the room door, buy food and souvenirs, play RFID games and so on. I don't have any cash or keys with me. At the same time, this wristband is also the customer's identification.

Telematics technology is being fully applied and developed in Europe, and it is planned to establish a special traffic wireless data communication network throughout Europe to realize traffic management, navigation, electronic toll collection and other functions through intelligent transportation networks, focusing on: Travel Information System (ATIS), Vehicle Control System (AVCS), Commercial Vehicle Operation System (ACVO), Non-stop Toll Collection System (ETC) and so on.

Seoul, South Korea has developed the "I Tour Seoul" application service system based on the smart phone platform, which is a handheld mobile travel information service platform provided by Seoul for tourists in Seoul. Through this platform, tourists can get all kinds of relevant tourism information around their current location in real time, such as tourist attractions, restaurants, hotels, etc., and also provide ways to get there by bus, private car and foot from their current location. The platform also provides services in five languages, which is very convenient for foreign tourists who don't know Korean or Seoul geography.

The construction of tourism informatization in China can be roughly divided into three stages. The first stage is specialization. At present, all scenic spots and tourism authorities are building websites and databases to realize the unified management of basic data and thematic data, and change from single function to thematic comprehensive application; The second stage is the construction of digital tourism and digital scenic spots. At present, some distributed data integration management functions have been realized, a certain data sharing and service mechanism has been established, and the urban/regional spatial information infrastructure has been built, realizing the * * * interoperability and * * * sharing of data and services; The third stage is the intelligent tourism stage, which is the intelligent stage. At this stage, the construction of tourism informatization should be more application-oriented, user-oriented and upgrade-oriented. By fully applying the new generation IT technology to all links of the tourism industry chain, equipping the tourism resources with sensor chips, and integrating the Internet of Things, the Internet and communication networks through cloud computing and supercomputers, people can communicate with each other. The communication between people and things, and the communication between things, can achieve the purpose of managing scenic spots and tourism resources more finely and dynamically, and realize the intelligent state of the whole process of tourism.

Tourism is an experience economy. From designing travel itinerary to obtaining travel information, from querying electronic maps to experiencing virtual travel, from feeling vertical search to enjoying online booking, from enjoying smart scenic spots to sharing travel experiences, tourists are all in this kind of travel experience.

At the same time, popularization, personalization, personalization and self-help travel have become a trend. Go on road trip, self-help tour and backpacking have also become very common travel modes, and the number of individual tourists in many places exceeds the number of group tourists. According to incomplete statistics, individual travelers in Beijing account for 80% of the 65.438+0.8 billion tourists. This is a huge market, and more and more intelligent, personalized and information-based services are needed.

At present, the rapid development of information technology represented by the Internet of Things technology and 3G mobile communication technology has made ubiquity, networking, interconnection, mobility and intelligence a major trend. This will bring fundamental changes to all our industrial patterns, management methods and development models. The 12th Five-Year Plan proposes to explicitly add "informatization" to the traditional "four modernizations". This reflects the general trend of using information technology to drive the development of industry and service industry.

The combination of the two historical trends of tourism and informatization will surely bring about the second revolution of tourism. If the combination of Internet and tourism in the past was the first revolution in tourism, then new technologies and changes will bring about the second revolution. Driven by the Internet of Things and cloud computing, our traditional tourism information ordering mode is changing to personalized service and location service. It is the application prospect of smart tourism to actively discover the needs of tourists and realize better service through convenient means according to their location and personalized needs.

Smart tourism means the support of Internet, Internet of Things, communication network platform and the application of various advanced information technologies. Provide decision-making basis for government departments, improve government efficiency, and transition from traditional government to electronic government. Provide timely tourism information for tourism enterprises, and provide technical support for marketing and route design of enterprises. Provide all kinds of travel information and booking services related to tourism for individual travelers, and make special routes for them according to their preferences. At the same time, virtual reality technology allows visitors to experience in advance. Provide virtual practice environment for students in tourism colleges and serve tourism teaching.

The application system of smart tourism is shown in the following figure, including: application layer, network layer and perception layer. The application layer realizes the industrial application of smart tourism, such as smart tourism government affairs, smart tourism public services, smart scenic spots, smart travel agencies, smart transportation, smart hotels and so on. The network layer provides network services for the application layer through the Internet, the Internet of Things and the mobile communication network to realize safe and efficient data transmission. The sensing layer realizes data acquisition and storage through various data acquisition and sensing technologies, such as RFID, barcode, sensor and camera. To provide basic data support for the whole smart tourism application system.

The key technologies supporting smart tourism include: broadband network and electronic technology, Internet of Things technology, geographic information system, remote sensing, global positioning system, decision support system, multi-database technology, data mining and data fusion technology, virtual reality technology, multimedia technology and so on. These technologies provide technical support for the whole system and make smart tourism possible. The core of the construction of smart tourism system is mainly the construction of tourism application information system engineering, including the construction of tourism non-spatial information management system and tourism spatial information management system, which consists of several subsystems, namely: system management module, tourism information management system, tourism information network publishing system, tourism destination information consulting system, three-dimensional virtual tourism system, tourism management and planning information system, tourism disaster early warning system and so on. The technical support system framework of smart tourism is shown in the following figure:

To solve the data, interconnection and intelligence of smart tourism, we should solve the following three key technologies, namely data perception technology, interconnection transmission technology and intelligent processing technology. The so-called comprehensive perception of data is to identify tourism resources through computers, and then form an overall data network to realize the real-time interaction between data and information. Data sensing technology includes sensing technology, RFID technology, GPS technology, video recognition, infrared, laser, scanning and so on. Internet transmission technology includes Internet technology and mobile communication technology, which can be divided into long-distance communication technologies (GSM, GPRS, UMTS, etc. ), short-distance communication technology (Wifi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, RFID and UWB, etc. ) and location service technology based on GPS, wireless terminal and network. Technologies to realize intelligent processing include cloud computing and fuzzy recognition. Among them, cloud computing integrates a number of relatively low-cost computing entities into a perfect system with powerful computing power through the network, and distributes powerful computing power to end users with the help of advanced business models such as SaaS (software as a service) and PaaS (platform as a service).

20 1 1, Ding Feng Yezhi was entrusted by Beijing Tourism Bureau to undertake the smart tourism construction planning project in Beijing. The following author takes Beijing smart tourism construction planning project as an example to share some experiences of smart tourism construction planning with you.

Beijing Twelfth Five-Year Plan proposes to build an innovative city and take the lead in forming an innovation-driven development pattern. Concentrate on shaping the brands of "Beijing Service" and "Beijing Creation" and establish a modern service industry system that radiates the whole country and has strong international influence. Improve information infrastructure and build a smart tourist city. Moreover, the construction of a smart tourist city in Beijing will play a leading role in the whole country. Peak Smart Industry is a smart tourism planning project in Beijing under this background.

We position Beijing's smart tourism as "the city of innovation and wisdom", and put forward four innovations in view of this positioning: first, the innovation of service mode, from the previous guests to the initiative to send services; Second, the innovation of service means, relying on positioning technology and internet of things technology to actively provide tourism services for tourists; The third is the innovation of service mode, which provides personal tour guides and intelligent travel services for tourists through intelligent terminal equipment and smart phone platforms; The fourth is the innovation of service evaluation, including public comments and wisdom sharing, so that tourists can share their travel experiences with family and friends and others anytime and anywhere, and scenic spots and enterprises can also get the feedback information of tourists' travel immediately.

Combined with the informatization project completed by Beijing Tourism Bureau and the smart tourism system built for it, we suggest that the current key project of Beijing Tourism Bureau is to build a comprehensive service center for smart tourism in Beijing, including five systems: settlement system, travel card system, customer service system, visitor terminal control system and Internet of Things system.

We believe that through our planning of smart tourism in Beijing and the vigorous promotion of Beijing Tourism Bureau, we will certainly be able to improve the quality and efficiency of smart tourism construction and tourism services in Beijing. We also believe that with such strong technical support and broad application prospects, smart tourism will surely bring the second revolution to China tourism. Smart Tourism: From Tourism Informatization to Tourism Intelligentization

20 13 1, published by China Tourism Publishing House.

Authors: (Associate Professor capital university of economics and business), Vice President of Travel Network Chao, Associate Professor of University Shen Huayu.

Main points of the book: Smart Tourism: From Tourism Informatization to Tourism Intelligentization is based on tourism informatization. Firstly, it reviews the development course of tourism informatization, tourism digitalization, tourism intelligence and tourism intelligence, puts forward the concept of smart tourism based on tourism information service, and expounds the connotation, extension and category of ubiquitous tourism information service represented by smart tourism. Then, the author systematically introduces various engineering technologies and management technologies related to smart tourism, such as network, information and communication, which provides readers with the necessary basic knowledge for understanding and practicing smart tourism. Finally, the author systematically introduces the practice of smart tourism from four aspects: smart tourism city, smart scenic spot, smart hotel and smart tourism service, which embodies the characteristics of combining theory and practice of smart tourism: from tourism informatization to tourism intelligence. The publication of this book is the cooperative result of long-term specialization of doctors, studying in Tianpu, the practice of the president of the DPRK and the painstaking research of Professor Shen.