"Yunyou" Shanxi Top Ten Ancient Guanxiongguan Ancient Roads to Create a New Brand of Great Wall Cultural Tourism (I)

Ten Pass of Shanxi Travel has a long history in China. The ancient customs appeared in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Its earliest use was the tax collection checkpoint set by the imperial court at the border. Later, with the organic combination of the Pass and the Great Wall, it became a barrier against foreign enemies. The construction history of the Great Wall in Shanxi, from the Warring States Period to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, covers almost all historical periods when China built the Great Wall. Due to Shanxi's unique topography characterized by mountains and rivers, the distribution of famous customs in Shanxi has been particularly dense. Today, the Great Wall and the Pass have become unique cultural heritages. Pingxing Pass, Shahukou Pass, Yanmenguan Pass, Piantouguan Pass, Ning Wuguan Pass and Niangziguan Pass are all representative symbols of Shaanxi Great Wall and Pass. This issue of Shanxi Youth Daily takes you on a "cloud tour" of the top ten ancient passes in Shanxi, feeling the most splendid relics of the Great Wall and listening to the most wonderful stories of the Great Wall.

Yanmenguan, the first pass in the world, is half the history of China.

Yanmenguan, located about 20 kilometers north of Daixian County, Xinzhou City, is an important pass on the Great Wall. Known as "the first pass in China", there is a saying that "there are nine blocks in the world, and the wild goose gate takes the lead". It is an important part of the Great Wall of Wan Li, a world cultural heritage, and the dividing line between the nomadic areas in Saibei and the farming areas in the Central Plains.

Yanmenguan besieged city was built with the mountain, with a circumference of more than 5 kilometers. The southern end of the city wall is connected with the east and west wings of Guancheng respectively, and extends northward along the ridge to the bottom of the valley, where there is a gate. There are 3 large stone walls and 25 small stone walls outside the besieged city, which act as a barrier.

Yanmenguan Scenic Area is a frontier fortress culture, Great Wall culture and pass culture tourist area with the historical relics and sites of Yanmenguan military defense system as the main landscape resources. The desolate, dignified, vigorous and atmospheric frontier customs tourism resources show the role and rise and fall of this famous historical pass, and also tell the vicissitudes of history and the vicissitudes of the past 3000 years. Yanmenguan is connected with Xinguangwukou, located between two mountains, and there are relics of the Great Wall on both sides.

At present, Yanmenguan Scenic Area is actively carrying out a five-year review special action and carrying out self-inspection of benchmarking in all directions. In addition to routine disinfection, all tourists enter the scenic spot through verification of double codes, temperature detection and real-name registration. A few days ago, the research group of Shanxi Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism requested to further highlight regional characteristics, dig deep into cultural connotations, fully revitalize scenic resources and tell the story of Yanmen. It is necessary to seize the good opportunity of the construction of Taixin comprehensive economic zone, expand tourism projects, enrich tourism formats, do a good job in the construction and protection of the Great Wall National Cultural Park, and rely on Yanmenguan as a whole to drive the cultural tourism industry in the county and surrounding counties and cities to live and burn.

Pingxingguan has long been a place of garrison in history.

Pingxingguan, located in Baiyatai Township, Lingqiu County, Datong City, Shanxi Province, passed Pingxingling when Zheng De built the Inner Great Wall in Ming Dynasty, and built relevant buildings on Guanling. Xing Ping Guancheng Tiger is located at the southern foot of Xing Ping Mountain, which was called bottle-shaped village in ancient times, and was named after the surrounding terrain like a bottle. Later, it was renamed today. It has been a garrison for a long time in history, more than 900 feet around, one in the north, one in the south and one in the east. "World War I is a flat pass, which is famous all over the world." The Eighth Route Army's military songs sang the victory of Pingxingguan. This fierce battle took place on the watershed between Lingqiu County in Datong City and Fan Shi in Xinzhou City, which is an important pass of the Great Wall in Ming Dynasty-Pingxing Pass.

There are Hengshan Mountain in the north and Wutai Mountain in the south, both of which are above1500m. There is a lowland between the two mountains that is not very wide, and the flat ridge where Pingxingguan is located is the uplift of this lowland, so the situation is very dangerous and has played a defensive role in countless wars. There are revolutionary sites and revolutionary memorial buildings such as 1 15 division command post (Guandi Temple) and the location of Pingxingguan campaign command post. 1969, the Pingxingguan Campaign Memorial Hall was established here. At present, Xing Ping Scenic Area is temporarily closed for maintenance.

Since 2006, Lingqiu County has held the 13th Pingxingguan Cultural Tourism Festival in succession, creating a brand of Lingqiu tourism. Guided by the brand of "Red Pingxingguan" and based on the traditional temple fairs and material exchange activities in the county, the Cultural Festival carries out rich activities such as red literature and art entering the scenic spot, tourism promotion meeting, live performance and folk intangible culture display. , comprehensively display Lingqiu County's profound cultural heritage, historical heritage, natural landscape and other tourism resources, and integrate Pingxingguan red tourism with traditional cultural exchanges.

The birthplace and main channel for Shanxi merchants to fight tigers.

Shahukou is located in Youyu County, the "Cezanne Oasis" in Shuozhou City, Shanxi Province, near the junction of Shanxi and Mongolia provinces. The mouth of the ancient Great Wall here is dotted with lush green plants. Especially in recent years, with the increase of tourists, the ancient west exit of Youyu killing tiger mouth has also become lively. Youwei Town, the 72nd Fort of Datong Town in Ming Dynasty, is now Youwei Town, and the famous killing tiger mouth is here. "A Record of Ming Shenzong" records that "killing the hukou in Datong is the first place in the cloud." During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Killing Tiger Mouth also became the birthplace and main channel of Shanxi merchants. This is the birthplace of the once-popular "Dashengkui" office.

In addition, the west exit in Westbound is to kill the tiger. Killing Tiger Mouth is the epitome of Shanxi's history in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and it is an empirical study of the rise and fall of China's modern financial trade. Tourists come here, climb the ancient Great Wall and see the frontier fortress scenery. In addition, visitors can also go to Youyu Great Wall History Museum to learn about this military fortress and border trade town and feel the multiculturalism here.

It is understood that Youyu County has developed a number of scenic spots, such as Shahukou Scenic Area, Nanshan Forest Park and Youwei Ancient City, with the characteristics of ecology, culture as its connotation and tourism as its carrier, hosted the second equestrian events of the Communist Youth League Committee, and innovated and popularized the two brands of "Xikou Style Eco-cultural Tourism Investment Series" and "Xikou Style Ice Carnival". Various cultural and sports activities, such as the International Horse Racing Open, the Eco-International Marathon and the National Road Cycling League, have been held, gradually forming a unique eco-cultural tourism industry system, which has injected new impetus into the eco-cultural tourism brand that continues to be famous for its spring tour, summer tour, autumn harvest tour and winter ice and snow tour.

Piantou Pass is the first of the three passes outside the Great Wall of Ming Dynasty.

Piantouguan, located in Pianguan County, Xinzhou City, near the Yellow River. It ranks alongside Ning Wuguan and Yanmenguan as the first of the three passes outside the Great Wall in the Ming Dynasty. In Pianguan County, the intersection of the Inner Great Wall and the Outer Great Wall is located in Baiyang Lingbao, which was built in the second year of Hongzhi in Ming Dynasty. This hollow watchtower named "Nine Kilns and Eighteen Holes" has a unique appearance. Pianguan County, Xinzhou City, is known as "Pingfan, the first town of Sanguan in Jin Dynasty".

This is where the inside and outside of the Great Wall meet. Due to the special geographical location, the territory of Pianguan is fortified step by step, with thousands of docks and more than 40 castles. The site density of the Great Wall ranks first among all counties in China. When you come to Pianguan County, known as the Great Wall Museum, you must go to Shuiquanbao, one of the "collections". Shuiquanbao was built in Xuande of Ming Dynasty for nine years. It is located in the northeast of Pianguan County, just a "wall" away from Bobei Township, Qingshuihe County, Inner Mongolia. Its geographical location is very important. According to legend, in the Northern Song Dynasty, Yang Jiajiang led troops to be stationed here.

In 2020, Piantouguan Courtyard, a traditional quadrangle in northern Shanxi, settled in the center of Xinzhou Ancient City. This is a theme courtyard built by Pianguan County, which integrates cultural display, non-genetic inheritance, catering and accommodation, effectively improving the sense of acquisition of tourists.

Nowadays, the "Great Wall No.1" tourist highway opened in Pianguan County connects the ancient talc castle, Caoduoshan castle, Shuiquanbao, Eagle Castle and other places of interest in the territory in series, and along the route, there are also bicycle slow enjoyment roads, self-driving camps, tent camps, viewing platforms and roaming trails, so that tourists can feel the eccentric Great Wall culture at close range.

The only water pass in the Ming Great Wall section of Ning Wuguan

Ning Wuguan is located in ningwu county, Xinzhou City. Ning Wuguan, together with Piantouguan and Yanmenguan, once formed the first line of defense of the Inner Great Wall, a huge barrier spanning 500 miles in northern Shaanxi. Located in the middle section of Sanguan Road, it is known as "Datong in the north, Taiyuan in the south, Guanguan in the west and Yanmen in the east". It is worth mentioning that Ningwu Pass was built in the Uighur Valley, which is the only water pass in the Ming Great Wall section of China.

Ning Wuguan is the pass with the most frequent wars in the three passes, and it has played an important role in resisting the looting of nomadic people. In Ning Wuguan's thousands of years of war records, the last war took place during the Chongzhen period in the late Ming Dynasty. At that time, Li Zicheng fought for seven days and nights, and defeated Zhou Yuji, the company commander of the three customs guarding Yanmenguan, at a heavy price, clearing the way for taking Beijing. Today, on the east bank of Huihe River in Ningwu, there is still Zhou Yuji's tomb, which is made of brick and stone.