English translation for tourism professionals

Chinese tourists

travellers' specific culture away from home is different from the cultural display in daily life, for example, different attitudes towards punctuality and cost considerations in shopping malls than at home, Crotts (2004:87) anticipates that therefore'individuals will likely take into account the degree of similarity and difference between the host countries of travel and adapt to the environment in an effort to minimize possible friction during their leisure trips'. chineseoutbound tourists, who have changed their shopping behavior, are definitely interested in adopting, adopting, and even immersing themselves in the host country's culture.

The foundation for most cross-cultural research is the work of Hofstadter (1980, 2001; Hofstadter, Hofstadter 2005). He developed, starting from a large sample, in the 1970s, culture, index scores into five constructs: power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity, and, as a later addition, long-term /short-term direction, while he argued the only difference between different dimensions effectively.there are acquired through 'mental programming', learned ways of thinking, feeling and potential acting.three levels: inherit the universal nature of human beings but learn Culture apecific certain societies or groups, a society, and the inheritance and understanding of individual personality (Hofstede, Hofstede2005: 4).

Table 5.9 Hofstadter’s five cultural dimensions helpless scores for China, Japan, the United States and Switzerland

1.power distance: the extent to which menber is less powerful A society's acceptance and expectation of uneven distribution of power

2.uncertainty avoidance: the extent to which a culture programs its members to either find uncomfortable or comfortable unstructured situations and attempt to control unstructured situations Control

3.Individualism: The extent to which an individual is in order to look after themselves or to stay integrated into a group (collective)

4.masculinity: refers to the distribution of emotional roles between both sexes It opposes'tough'masculinity ' tender'feminity

5.long term positioning: refers to the extent to which a culture and its members accept delayed gratification for themselves

Material, social and emotional needs.

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