The Development of Tourism in China

Since the reform and opening up, with the rapid development of China's tourism industry, great changes have taken place in China's travel agency industry. Especially in the past decade, the scale of the industry has been expanding, the number of employees has been increasing, the operating system has been innovating, and the operating environment has been improving. The travel agency industry has become one of the important service industries to stimulate economic growth and expand employment channels in China.

First, the development of the industry provides a huge employment space.

Tourism in China is a labor-intensive industry. As the leader of tourism, travel agencies have developed rapidly in the past decade, which also provides a broad space for employment. By the end of 200 1, there were 6 travel agencies 107 16 (including 9 international travel agencies 13 19 and 9,397 domestic travel agencies), an increase of 9/kloc over the end of 1965438. The number of direct employees in China's travel agencies is192,400, an increase of 199 1 person compared with the end of the year, with an average annual increase of 13.30%. According to international experience, for every direct employment in tourism, five people will be indirectly employed, which is equivalent to providing 962,000 indirect employment opportunities. In the next decade, if the average number of direct employees of travel agencies increases by 15%, it will provide 2,929,600 indirect employment opportunities for the whole society, which will become a huge employment space.

As image ambassadors of tourism, the number of tour guides has also increased greatly in the past ten years. Since 1994, the tour guide qualification examination is open to the public. By the end of 20001,the number of qualified tour guides in China had reached 1500, an increase of nearly 8 times compared with 199 1, with an average annual increase of 23.62. It is estimated that the number of people who have obtained the national tour guide qualification certificate will reach 200,000 by the end of this year. In addition, the number of temporary tour guides and tour guides in scenic spots (spots) has also increased rapidly, and tour guides have become a popular occupation in society. It is understood that in 200 1 year alone, the number of registered tour guides in Beijing reached 13800.

Second, it has played a positive role in stimulating economic growth.

China Travel Agency started from the development mode of receiving international inbound tourists in an organized way. Since the mid-1990s, with the continuous improvement of people's living standards and the increase of disposable income, especially the addition of three "Golden Week" holidays every year, domestic tourism has sprung up, and the domestic tourism organized by travel agencies has developed more strongly. In addition, with the acceleration of China's opening to the outside world and the adjustment of the country's outbound tourism policy, China's outbound tourism has also developed rapidly, and the organization of outbound tourism by travel agencies has become a bright spot. The leading position of travel agencies in the tourism industry is increasingly apparent, and its pulling effect on the economy is very obvious. First, it has played a positive role in expanding domestic demand. According to statistics, in terms of domestic tourism in 200 1 year, the national travel agencies received 94 105600 person-times, accounting for 12% of domestic tourists, and the domestic tourism business income of travel agencies was 331330,000 yuan, accounting for 941of the national domestic tourism income. In terms of inbound tourism, the national travel agency received14,536,400 inbound tourists, accounting for 16.33% of the total inbound tourists in the whole year. The income of inbound tourism organized by travel agencies is 654.38+0.5 billion yuan, accounting for 654.38+00. 16% of the total international tourism income. In terms of outbound tourism, the number of outbound tourists organized by national travel agencies is 3,695,300, accounting for 30.45% of the outbound tourists of China citizens. Second, the investment of travel agencies can also promote economic growth. Travel agency is a relatively comprehensive industry, which has a strong connection and driving role. At the same time, it also has a high input-output ratio. At the end of 200 1, the total assets of travel agencies nationwide reached 4154.7 billion yuan, up by13.55% year-on-year; Total liabilities were 654.38+09.908 billion yuan, up 2.07% year-on-year; The total owner's equity was 2,654.38+0,639 million yuan, up by 26.64% year-on-year; The registered capital was 65.438+03.063 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 654.38+05.39%. The third is to boost GDP. In 200 1 year, the operating income of travel agencies in China was 58.98 billion yuan, accounting for 65.438+01.8% of the total tourism income of 499.5 billion yuan, equivalent to 0.6 1% of GDP, but the operating income of travel agencies increased by 25.5 1%, far exceeding the national level. Fourth, the contribution rate to fiscal revenue is on the rise. In 20001year, the actual tax paid by travel agencies nationwide was 763 million yuan, accounting for 0.0466% of the national fiscal revenue163710.00 million yuan, and the foreign exchange settlement was 785 million US dollars, up 38.94% year-on-year, accounting for 4.4% of tourism foreign exchange income. The contribution of travel agencies to fiscal revenue can be divided into three stages. In the first stage, the income is mainly in the hands of tourism enterprises and individuals; In the second stage, local finance began to increase; In the third stage, the central government began to increase. At present, China's travel agencies are still in the first stage. With the development of China's travel agency industry, its contribution to finance at all levels will become greater and greater.

Third, constantly develop new products to meet the needs of tourists.

In recent years, in order to adapt to the increasingly personalized and differentiated development trend of tourists' needs, China's travel agencies have intensified their market development, introduced new ideas in product design, marketing methods, customer relations, brand building and other aspects, and achieved new development. Products from the past a single cultural tourism products, and gradually developed into sightseeing, vacation, tourism with a complete variety and structure, to meet the needs of different levels of tourists, and promote the development of the travel agency industry.

In terms of sightseeing products, China's cultural relics, landscapes and folk customs can best reflect the oriental civilization and the charm of China. These products are monopolistic and rich in content, and have formed a considerable scale, which has become the long-term advantage of China's tourism products in the world competition. In order to meet the needs of the market, travel agencies have made great efforts to develop tourism products, which has greatly developed China's tourism products. Some tourism products are enthusiastic and lasting, forming brands. Such as Jiuzhaigou Tour, Three Gorges Tour, Western Tour, Yunnan Weekend Tour, Hainan Weekend Tour, etc.

In terms of holiday tourism products, 1992, the State Council officially approved the opening of 12 National Holiday Resort, which started the development of holiday tourism products. Later, some provinces and cities began to set up tourist resorts, and together with the resorts around the city, a holiday product system more suitable for international and domestic multi-level needs was initially formed. Family vacation, country vacation, seaside vacation, weekend vacation and holiday vacation have formed a relatively formed market.

The characteristic tourism products developed by travel agencies are novel, unique and unique. For example, there are dozens of brands, such as the new look of the ancient city in the context of China's famous historical and cultural cities, rural tourism with the theme of beautiful mountains and beautiful waters, the Silk Road tour, the Great Wall tour, the marathon tour, and the southwest minority customs tour. Some large travel agencies, such as CYTS Holdings Limited, actively responded to the market demand and launched inbound tourism products such as Beijing Night Tour, TCM Health Care and Beijing Wedding for inbound tourists. China Travel regards the head office's outbound travel products as the first group travel mode that highlights personalized service in China, as well as special products such as a day trip to Beijing, Hong Kong and Japan, "The moon is now full at sea", and has launched a series of products aimed at college entrance examination students, such as "Red Tour-Visiting the Revolutionary Holy Land" and "Flying Yourself and Returning to Nature". Guang Zhi Tourism International Travel Service Co., Ltd. has launched luxury tour groups, parent-child groups, honeymoon groups and elderly groups to meet the different ages, interests and needs of tourists.

Special tourism products have also developed rapidly in recent years, forming the characteristics of diverse varieties and large scale. For example, study tour products, skiing tourism products, business conference tourism products, go on road trip, cultural and sports exchanges, etc. This year, during the period of 1- 10, foreigners in go on road trip, China, reached 2007 person-times in 42 groups approved by the National Tourism Administration. According to the characteristics of tourism, Guang Zhi Tour has launched a study tour group, a skiing tour group, a cooking tour group, a go on road trip tour group, a fan tour group, a music appreciation tour group and a popular science tour group with high cultural content.

With the deepening of China's reform and opening up and the development of China's tourism industry, the number of destination countries for China citizens to travel abroad has been increasing, and the outbound tourism products have also been greatly developed. So far, the main overseas tourism products include dozens of routes from 22 countries and regions such as Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand, which are mainly distributed in Southeast Asia, including some countries in East Asia, Europe, Oceania and Africa. The frontier tourism products developed by China Travel Agency mainly include China-Russia border, China-DPRK border, China-Vietnam border, China-Laos border, China-Myanmar border and other tourism products.

Fourth, pay more attention to corporate image and service quality.

With the opening-up of the travel agency industry in China and the intensification of competition in the travel agency market, most travel agencies focus on their own development, strengthen internal management, and strive to improve their service level and service awareness. A number of enterprises with high service level gradually stand out and stand out in the market competition.

First, travel agencies have strengthened internal scientific management. Most travel agencies have strengthened their internal quality management while conscientiously implementing the rules and regulations issued by the National Tourism Administration, such as the Quality of Outbound Travel Service for Travel Agencies, the Model Domestic Travel Contract and the Model Outbound Travel Contract. By controlling the process that directly affects the quality of tourism services, the management of the selection and evaluation of land agencies, the management of overseas tour leaders, the specification of tour guides, the handling of customer complaints, the service requirements of retail outlets and other links that are prone to hidden dangers has been strengthened, which has obviously improved the quality of travel agencies. For example, CTS Capital Travel Agency conducted a comprehensive and detailed investigation on the operation and management of various departments in the agency, determined all the processes and links related to service quality, and stipulated them in the form of documents, so as to ensure that "everything has rules to follow, everyone is responsible for everything, and everything is well documented". Some travel agencies have also strengthened the construction of spiritual civilization within enterprises and created a healthy and lively corporate atmosphere.

Second, travel agency enterprises attach importance to brand building. "Brand attracts tourists, quality is the main ups and downs", and many travel agencies have launched their own brands, which have formed a wide influence. For example, in 1994, Guang Zhi Tourism International Travel Service Co., Ltd. took the lead in introducing CI into the whole industry, implemented the famous brand strategy, adopted the catchy and meaningful abbreviation of "Guang Zhi Tourism" and the exciting advertising word "Guang Zhi Tourism brings you unlimited scenery", and designed a fresh, lively and beautiful new trademark. After the introduction of CI, "Guang Zhi Tour" brand has formed a wide range of influence through its external image and internal quality. In 200 1 year, Guang Zhi Tourism was rated as a customer satisfaction service unit by the User Committee of the National Quality Association. CYTS Holdings Co., Ltd. actively implemented the brand strategy, cooperated with internationally renowned advertising companies, launched a brand-new brand image-"CYTS", and established a "CYTS Online" website and a 16 CYTS chain business department.

Third, some travel agencies have improved their quality management and quality assurance systems. A number of travel agencies have passed the IS0900 1 standard quality system certification, consciously followed the standard procedures, and constantly improved the service quality standards. The complaint rate dropped significantly, and the customer satisfaction rate increased significantly. For example, in order to realize the international integration of tourism services, China International Travel Service actively carried out IS0900 1 quality certification in 2000, defined the quality policy of "honesty, high quality, high efficiency and safety" of the enterprise, determined the quality development goal, successfully passed the quality system certification at the end of 2000, initially established the generalized quality management and quality assurance system of the enterprise, and raised the management level to the height of international integration.

Fourth, some travel agencies have made a higher-level and more comprehensive civilized service commitment system to the society with the goal of improving tourists' satisfaction and focusing on strengthening employees' service awareness. Make the service content, service standards and service time limit of the enterprise public to the society and consumers, and formulate a special service commitment system, and formulate special rules and regulations for business operations and service specifications such as front desk salespersons, domestic tour leaders, outbound tour leaders and inbound tour leaders. At the same time, it also signed a commitment agreement with the travel agency that took the tour to ensure that the travel agency's commitment was implemented. In addition, the service was improved by soliciting tourists' opinions, calling back and listening to opinions at home, which greatly improved the satisfaction rate of tourists. For example, Guangzhou Travel implements "five-hearted service" within the company, that is, warm attitude, considerate service, thoughtful arrangement, satisfaction of tour guides and pleasant journey, so that the satisfaction rate of tourists reaches 98.6%.

The development of China's travel agencies is very good, but the legal status of the travel agency industry is worrying.

1. At present, according to the principle of proximate cause, travel agencies will never become proximate cause in the principle of proximate cause, which means that the travel agency liability insurance of insurance companies has no practical significance for the risk compensation of travel agencies.

2. It is unfair for the travel agency industry to let the travel agency bear the breach of travel contract caused by the third party's responsibility, but not bear any responsibility. Among the eight elements of tourism, among the industries of eating, living, traveling, traveling, shopping and entertainment, travel agencies are helpless about which one. If a travel agency wants not to break the contract, it must know how to calculate, know astronomy and geography, and know whether the airline cancels the flight and how the trains of the Ministry of Railways operate, so that it can not break the contract. Is this fair? At present, laws and regulations have made clear and fair provisions on this issue.

Accidents, a large number of tourist accidents, have caused personal injury and property losses to tourists and even tour guides. Why do travel agencies have to compensate tourists first without taking any responsibility for damage? The travel agency is really not at fault for the accident. Where is legal fairness?

Compared with travel agencies, tourists are a vulnerable group. Travel agencies with a registered capital of 300,000 yuan account for a large proportion in China. Compared with airlines, railways, shipping companies, insurance companies and tourism-related industries with a registered capital of several hundred million yuan, they are like ants and elephants.