What is the most basic knowledge about real estate?

Land management refers to the comprehensive administrative, economic, legal and engineering measures taken by the state to safeguard land ownership, adjust land relations, rationally organize land use, and implement national policies on land development, utilization, protection and transformation. At present, the essence of land management in China is the government's activities of handling land affairs and coordinating land relations, that is, the process of exercising state power.

Cadastral refers to a book (or inventory) that reflects the basic situation of land, such as location (boundary address, land number), quantity, quality, ownership and use (land type), and is also called the household registration of land.

Cadastral management refers to the national measures taken by the state with cadastral survey, land registration, land statistics and land grading as the main contents in order to obtain relevant cadastral information and comprehensively study the ownership, natural and economic conditions of land.

The allocation of land use right refers to the behavior that the people's government at or above the county level approves according to law and delivers the land to the land users after the land users pay the compensation and resettlement fees, or delivers the land use right to the land users free of charge.

Transfer of land use right refers to the behavior that the state transfers the state-owned land use right to the land user within a certain period of time, and the land user pays the land use right transfer fee to the state.

Housing land refers to the land occupied by houses and supporting facilities that meet the planning requirements, including the land occupied by houses and supporting facilities that meet the planning requirements.

Housing land area

(1) Cold alley, roadway or gap land with unclear ownership;

(two) roads, streets and other public land under the jurisdiction of the municipal government;

(three) the land that has been requisitioned, allocated or belongs to the original real estate license needs to be used for municipal construction after approval by the planning department;

(four) other areas that are not included in the land use as required.

Residential land refers to all kinds of housing land for living.

Industrial land refers to the independently set factories, workshops, manual workshops, construction and installation production sites, slag discharge (ash) sites and other land.

Warehousing land refers to all kinds of warehouses, oil depots, material yards and their ancillary equipment such as national, provincial (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) and local reserves, transit, foreign trade and supply.

Commercial service land refers to all kinds of shops, companies, repair service departments, production materials supply stations, restaurants, guest houses, canteens operated by foreign countries, printing and publishing houses, newspaper outlets, vegetable purchase and sale transfer stations and other land.

Tourist land refers to hotels, restaurants, buildings, amusement parks, clubs, travel agencies, tourist shops, friendship shops and other land mainly serving the tourism industry.

Land for financial insurance refers to the land used by banks, savings offices, credit cooperatives, trust companies, stock exchanges and insurance companies.

Land for municipal public facilities refers to water plants, pumping stations, sewage treatment plants, substation (substation) stations, gas stations, heating centers, sanitation stations, public toilets, crematoriums, fire brigades, post offices (substations) and special lots for various pipeline projects.

Green space refers to public green spaces such as parks, zoological and botanical gardens, cemeteries, scenic spots, shelterbelts and water source shelterbelts.

Public construction land refers to land for culture, sports, entertainment, institutions, scientific research, design, education, medical care and so on.

Cultural, sports and entertainment places refer to cultural centers, museums, libraries, exhibition halls, memorial halls, stadiums, clubs, theaters, playgrounds, cultural and sports groups and other places.

Organs and propaganda land refers to the land used by administrative institutions, the party, government, industry, youth, women and mass organizations, radio stations, television stations, publishing houses, newspapers and magazines.

The land for scientific research and design refers to the land for scientific research and design institutions. Such as research institutes, design institutes and their laboratories, test sites and other scientific research and design places.

Educational land refers to the land used by institutions of higher learning, secondary specialized schools, vocational schools, cadre schools, party schools, primary and secondary schools, kindergartens, nurseries, amateur schools, work-study schools, etc.

Medical and health land refers to hospitals, outpatient departments, health centers (stations, institutes), sanatoriums (institutes), ambulance stations, blood stations, health centers, prevention stations, quarantine stations, epidemic prevention stations, medical laboratory tests, drug tests and other land.

Traffic land refers to railways, civil airports, ports and docks and other traffic land.

Railway land refers to the land for the entrance and exit of railways, stations and subways.

The land for civil airports refers to the land for civil airports and their ancillary facilities.

Port and dock land refers to the land dedicated to the parking of passenger and cargo ships.

Other traffic land refers to parking lots (stations), squares, highways, streets, alleys, residential roads and other land. Existing houses refer to houses that have been built and reached the occupancy and use conditions, including self-owned (private) houses.

The number of residential units refers to the number of complete sets of residential units that have been built according to the design requirements and meet the conditions for occupancy.

A complete house refers to a house consisting of several bedrooms, living rooms, kitchens, bathrooms, indoor walkways or living rooms.

Housing construction area refers to the housing construction area built during the reporting period, including the newly started area in this period, the housing area that was developed in this period last year and the housing area that was stopped in the previous period and resumed in this period. The housing area completed in this period and postponed after this period is still included in the construction area, and the sum of the construction areas of each floor should be filled in for multi-storey buildings.

The newly started housing area refers to the newly started housing construction area during the reporting period, excluding the housing area that entered the reporting period in the early stage and resumed the construction in the current stage. The construction of the house shall be based on the date when the house officially starts to break ground and make ditches (foundation treatment or permanent piling).

Completed construction area refers to the total construction area of the house that has been completely completed according to the design requirements, reached the occupancy conditions, and passed the acceptance (or reached the completion acceptance standard) and can be officially delivered for use.

The value of completed houses refers to the construction value of completed houses themselves during the reporting period. The value of the completed house is calculated according to the contents specified in the house design and budget. Including the architectural value of foundation, structure, roof, decoration and ancillary works such as water, electricity, heating and sanitation. The cost of the completed house itself, as well as the purchase and installation of equipment (such as elevators, ventilation equipment, etc.). ) as an integral part of housing construction into the housing construction project budget; It does not include the purchase and installation of process equipment and process pipelines in the factory, the purchase of process equipment infrastructure, furniture such as office and daily necessities, land acquisition costs, demolition compensation and site leveling costs, and supporting investment in urban construction. The value of completed houses is generally calculated at the settlement price.

Permanent population refers to the permanent population consistent with the statistical scope of housing. The statistical data of the Public Security Bureau shall prevail.

Number of households refers to the number of households corresponding to the number of residents. The "hukou book" is based on the hukou book issued by the police station, and a hukou book is a household.

Per capita residential construction area (new index) refers to the per capita residential construction area calculated by permanent population. Calculation formula: per capita residential building area (m2/person) = residential building area/permanent population.

The per capita residential use area refers to the average residential use area owned by each person calculated according to the permanent population. Calculation formula: per capita living area (m2/ person) = living area/permanent population.

The average number of residential units per household (new index) refers to the average number of residential units owned by each household calculated by the number of households. Calculation formula: Number of residential units per household (units/households) = Number of residential units/households.

The complete housing rate (new index) refers to the ratio of the completed residential construction area to the actual residential construction area. Calculation formula: complete housing rate (%) = complete housing construction area/actual housing construction area × 100%.

The residential self-owned (private) rate (new index) refers to the ratio of the self-owned (private) residential construction area to the actual residential construction area. Calculation formula: residential ownership rate) = self-owned (private) residential building area/actual residential building area × 100% In the design of one bedroom, the width of a house refers to the actual distance between one wall skin and the other wall skin in the house. Because it is based on the width of a natural room, it is also called a studio. The residential bay is generally not more than 3.0 -3.9 meters, and the brick-concrete residential bay is generally not more than 3.3 meters. Setting a smaller bay size can shorten the space span of the floor and enhance the integrity, stability and seismic capacity of the residential structure.

A large studio with a width of more than 5 meters and a depth of more than 7 meters can provide residents with 40-50 square meters or even more living space. Compared with a small studio with the same building area, the load-bearing wall is reduced by half and the usable area is increased by 2%, which is convenient for flexible partition and transformation.

In architecture, depth refers to the actual length of a detached house or residential building from the front wall to the back wall. A house with large depth can effectively save land, but in order to ensure that the completed house can have good natural lighting and ventilation conditions, there are certain requirements on the depth of the house in design, which should not be too large. At present, the depth of a large number of urban residential rooms in China is generally limited to about 5 meters and cannot be expanded at will.

The height of each floor refers to the residential height measured by "floor", and the height of each floor is required by the state in design, which is called the height of each floor. It usually includes the distance from the lower floor or floor to the upper floor.

Clear height refers to the net residual value after height minus floor thickness.

Standard floor Standard floor refers to residential floors with the same plane layout.

Balcony refers to the space for residents to do outdoor activities and dry clothes.

Platform refers to the owner's roof, which is used for outdoor activities of residents or extends from the ground floor to the outside of the house.

Corridor corridor refers to the lateral traffic space used outside the residential suite.

Basement Basement refers to a room whose floor is lower than the outdoor floor level and whose height exceeds the clear height of the room 1/2.

Semi-basement Semi-basement refers to a room whose height below the outdoor ground exceeds the clear height of the room 1/3 and does not exceed 1/2.

The entrance is the first step to enter the room, and it is a buffer transition area. The bedroom is the "territory" of the family, and it pays attention to certain privacy. As soon as the door opened, there was a porch, and outsiders could not see the room. The entrance is usually connected with the hall. Because of the different functions, it needs to be divided by decorative means, that is, when our own people go home, we should also have a place to put umbrellas, hang raincoats, change shoes and put bags. At ordinary times, the porch is also a place to receive emails and simply meet people.

Partition refers to the semi-suspended ceiling facade specially used to separate indoor space.

Corridor refers to the horizontal traffic space used by residential suites. Real houses refer to all kinds of houses that have been built and reached the occupancy or use conditions, including self-owned (private) houses. Building area The building area of a house refers to the horizontal area of the space surrounded by the external walls of a building. If the construction area of multi-storey and high-rise residential buildings is calculated, it is the sum of the construction areas of each floor. The construction area includes the usable area of the house, the area of wall columns, the area of stairs and walkways, and other common areas.

Usable area The usable area of a house refers to the sum of the net construction area directly used by residents in the floors of the house. Calculating the usable floor area of a house can directly reflect the usage of the house, but it is generally not necessary to use the usable floor area to calculate the price in the sale of the house. There are some special regulations when calculating the usable area: the indoor stairs of duplex houses are included in the usable area according to the total area of natural floors; Chimneys, ventilation pipes and pipe wells that are not included in the structural area are included in the use area; Interior wall decoration thickness is included in the usable area. Residential rent is calculated on the basis of usable area.

Public area The public area of a residential building refers to the sum of the areas occupied by public corridors, stairs, elevators and water tanks. In order to facilitate residents' access, normal communication and guarantee life. The construction area calculated by developers when selling commercial housing has the problem of sharing public area.

The shared public building area of commercial housing is mainly composed of two parts:

1. Construction area of elevator shaft, stairwell, garbage chute, power distribution room, equipment room, public hall, corridor, etc. , serving the whole building;

2. The distance between each unit and the horizontal projection area of public building space and external walls (including gables) is 50%.

* * * The ratio of the self-owned building area of the whole building to the sum of the building areas of all suites in the whole building is the sharing coefficient of the self-owned building area of * * *.

Interior area: it is the balance of "building area" after deducting the apportioned area.

Living area The living area of a residential building refers to the sum of the net living area of rooms directly used by residents in each floor of the residential building. The so-called net area is the horizontal area (that is, the structural area) occupied by building components such as walls and columns. Area index generally used to measure living standards.

The rent area is used to calculate the rent. In the reform of housing system, it is uniformly stipulated that houses are calculated according to the use area, including living room, living room, bathroom, kitchen, aisle, stairs, balcony (half closed) and closet. Non-residential buildings are calculated according to the construction area.

Sales area Sales area refers to the commercial housing sold in units or units, and its sales area is the sum of the interior or interior area purchased by the purchaser (hereinafter referred to as interior area) and the apportioned interior area.

The public building area allocation coefficient divides the public building area of the whole building by the sum of the building areas of the suites in the whole building to get the public building area allocation coefficient of the building. That is, the allocation coefficient of public building area = sum of public building area/interior building area. Housing property right refers to the rights enjoyed by the owner of the house in accordance with national laws, that is, the sum of all the rights and interests of the house, that is, the owner's right to possess, use, benefit and dispose of the house property.

Architectural sketches refer to small buildings, entertainment and ornamental facilities and indicative signs that have both functional requirements and decorative and beautification functions, and belong to a certain architectural space environment.

Average price Average price refers to the average price per square meter obtained by dividing the sum of the sales price of each unit by the sum of the construction area of each unit. The average price is generally not the sales price, but there are exceptions. Some time ago, a high-rise building launched "unified price of 2800 yuan/square meter regardless of floor and orientation", that is, taking the average price as the sales price, which is also an eye-catching marketing strategy.

Base price, also known as base price, refers to the basic price per square meter of commercial housing determined through accounting. The sales price of commercial housing is generally increased or decreased on the basis of the base price, and the price difference is obtained.

The starting price, also called the starting price, refers to the lowest price in the sales price of each floor of a building, that is, the starting price. Multi-storey houses, without gardens, generally start with the sales price of the first floor or the top floor; Houses with gardens are generally sold on the second or fifth floor as the starting price. For high-rise properties, the starting price is the sales price of the lowest floor. In the real estate advertisement: ×××××× yuan/square meter for sale ",attracting consumers' attention with a lower starting price.

The pre-sale price is also a special clause in the pre-sale (sales) contract of commercial housing; The pre-sale price is not the official price. When the commercial house is delivered for use, the price approved by the department with approval authority shall prevail.

One-time buyout price refers to one-time pricing agreed by buyers and sellers. One-time buyout price is a special price clause in real estate sales contracts. Once confirmed, the buyer or seller must fulfill the obligation of payment or delivery according to it, and shall not change it at will.

Deposit refers to a certain amount of money agreed by the parties to be paid by one party to the other party as a guarantee of creditor's rights. It belongs to a legal way of guarantee, and its purpose is to urge debtors to perform their debts and ensure the realization of creditor's rights. According to the provisions of General Principles of Development Law and Article 89 of Guarantee Law, the deposit should be agreed in writing, and the parties should stipulate the time limit for delivery of the deposit in the deposit contract. The deposit contract shall take effect from the date when the deposit is actually paid, and the amount of the deposit shall be agreed by the parties, but it shall not exceed 20% of the contract target amount. If the buyer changes his mind and decides not to buy after paying the deposit, the developer has the right not to refund the deposit on the grounds that the buyer has breached the contract; If the developer sells the house to others, he should double the deposit to the buyers. "

Liquidated Damages Liquidated Damages Liquidated Damages refer to a certain amount of money that the defaulting party should pay to the other party according to the law and the contract. Liquidated damages are a kind of economic sanctions against the defaulting party, which are punitive and compensatory, but mainly reflect punitive. As long as the parties have breached the contract and are subjectively at fault, they should pay liquidated damages regardless of whether they have caused losses to the other party.

* * * Owns * * * Real Estate * * Owns * * * Real Estate: It means that two or more people equally enjoy the ownership of all * * * real estate without any share.

* * * real estate * * * real estate: refers to two or more people owning the same real estate.

The weifang is also called the weifang. It is the product of the real estate industry entering the retail era, and it is one of the vacant houses. Under normal circumstances, when the sales volume of commercial housing reaches 80%, it generally enters the liquidation sales stage of real estate projects. The properties sold at this time are generally called weifang. After normal sales, developers left a small number of uncompetitive houses, either with poor orientation and insufficient lighting, or with poor floors, located on two floors, most of which have no small gardens and are seriously sheltered.

Unfinished housing refers to those overstocked buildings that can't recover the initial investment, can't carry out the follow-up construction, or even completely stagnate because of insufficient funds, blind launching or misjudgment of the supply and demand situation. The "unfinished" situation generally does not occur when the real estate is launched for sale, but gradually emerges with the continuous advancement of the project.

Urban residential areas Urban residential areas are generally called residential areas, which generally refer to residential areas with different population sizes and residential areas surrounded by urban main roads or natural boundaries, corresponding to the population size of 30,000-50,000 people, and equipped with supporting public service facilities that can meet the material and cultural needs of residents in the region.

Residential area, commonly known as residential area, refers to a residential settlement surrounded by residential roads or natural boundaries, corresponding to the population size of 7000 ~ 15000, and equipped with a set of public service facilities that can meet the basic material and cultural needs of residents in this area.

Residential groups, commonly known as groups, refer to residential and living areas generally separated by residential roads, corresponding to the population size of 1000 ~ 3000, and equipped with basic public service facilities required by residents.

Distribution refers to the floorboard of public service facilities, roads and public green spaces built corresponding to the living scale or population scale.

Public * * * Activity Center Public * * Activity Center is a relatively concentrated residential center, community center and group center supporting public buildings. Faster housing refers to the period from obtaining the pre-sale permit of commercial housing to obtaining the ownership certificate of housing. Commercial housing in this period is called faster, and consumers should sign pre-sale contracts when buying commercial housing at this stage. The auction house in Hong Kong and Macao is called "buying uncompleted residential flats", which is a widely used housing sales method for real estate developers. Buying an auction house means that the buyer is buying a real estate project that is still under construction. Moreover, the usual understanding of auction is that the house is not built and cannot be moved in.

The so-called Xianfang refers to the commercial housing for which the developer has completed the property ownership certificate (property right card), and consumers should sign a sales contract when purchasing commercial housing at this stage. In Chengdu, an existing house usually refers to a house where the project has been completed and can be moved in.

Export commercial housing is built by real estate development enterprises, and houses with pre-sale (sales) licenses for export commercial housing can be sold to domestic and foreign (including Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) enterprises, other organizations and individuals.

Domestic commercial housing is built by real estate development enterprises, and houses with commercial housing sales licenses can be sold to local enterprises, institutions and residents.

Quasi-existing houses refer to houses whose main body has been basically capped, the general outlines of buildings and facilities in the community have begun to appear, and important factors such as room type and building spacing have been clear at a glance, and the project is in the stage of interior and exterior wall decoration and supporting construction. Purchased public houses, also known as after-sale public houses, are purchased public houses.

Unit property right house Unit property right house refers to the house owned by the unit, also known as system property right house and system house.

Low-rent housing Low-rent housing is the first concept put forward in the newly promulgated national housing reform policy. Low-rent housing in China is only rented but not sold, and it is rented to the lowest income among urban residents. The source of low-rent housing is mainly retired old public houses.

Private houses are also called private houses and private houses. It is a house purchased and built by an individual or family. In rural areas, farmers' houses are basically self-built private houses. Public housing is sold to individuals and families through the residential consumer market, and the residential consumer market is also transformed into private housing.

Second-hand houses Second-hand houses are old houses. The first transaction of newly-built commercial housing is "once" and the second transaction is "twice". Some people don't have a house, so they can buy one more for others; Others who have some savings and live in small houses can sell their old houses and buy new ones; And those families with surplus housing can also sell surplus housing in exchange for income.