What are the main resources in the mountains? What industries are suitable for development?

(1) Main resources of mountains

Mountains belong to the category of geology. The surface morphology is defined according to the elevation and relief characteristics as an altitude of more than 500 meters and a relative height difference of more than 200 meters. The mountain is composed of three parts: the top of the mountain, the hillside and the foothills. The average height is more than 500 meters above sea level. They are distinguished from plateaus by their smaller peak areas and from hills by their larger heights. These mountains are stacked on top of each other and live together in groups, forming a large mountain family. A mountain range is a part of a mountainous area. It refers to a mountainous area extending in a linear fashion. It is a collection of the main mountains in the mountainous area. It is mostly distributed in strips and extends in two directions. Several adjacent mountain ranges can also form a mountain system. A mountain composed of several ridges and valleys is called a mountain range because it resembles a vein. The ridges that make up the main body of a mountain range are called main veins, and the ridges extending from the main veins are called branch veins.

Generally speaking, mountains mainly have the following resources:

① Mineral resources. Since mountains originate from the uplift movement of the earth's crust, some minerals that were originally underground will rise or fall with the changes in the earth's crust. Some minerals originally located in deeper strata will enter shallower strata due to the rise of the earth's crust, and may even be directly exposed to the ground. Such areas will more easily show the characteristics of minerals (Figure 27, Figure 28, Figure 29, Figure 30 ).

Figure 27 Limestone Mine

Figure 28 Granite Mine

Figure 29 Coal Mine

Figure 30 Selenium Mine

②Tourism resources. Mountainous areas have vastly different terrains and diverse plant species. Countless exotic flowers and rare plants form a unique and colorful world in the mountains (Figure 31, Figure 32, Figure 33, Figure 34), which arouses the yearning of people who love life. At the same time, mountains are also a good place to exercise. People can experience the tranquility and fresh air of the mountains and enjoy pollution-free food by hiking and traveling in the mountains. Mountain tourism resources are also an important resource in mountains.

Picture 31 Grand Canyon Stone Candle

Picture 32 Karst Landform

Picture 33 Yaoshan Scenery

Fig. 34 Chayao Mountain Scenery< /p>

③Energy resources. In mountainous areas, due to terrain reasons, the wind speed in some places is relatively high and can be used for wind power generation; although the amount of water in mountainous areas is not large, the drop is large and can be used for hydropower generation, lighting, processing and irrigation (Figure 35, Figure 36) .

Figure 35 Wind farm

Figure 36 Small hydropower station

④Climate and biological resources. The altitude characteristics of mountains, air flow characteristics, relative position to the sun, etc., constitute the climate characteristics of different locations in mountains.

In terms of temperature, the temperature in the mountains decreases as the altitude increases. Generally, for every 100 meters of elevation, the average annual temperature drops by 0.6°C. If the altitude rises above 1,000 meters, the temperature drops by more than 6°C. This is why temperatures in mountainous areas are generally lower than in plains, and temperatures at high altitudes are lower than at low altitudes. Another aspect is the temperature difference between south-facing and north-facing slopes. Our country is located in the northern hemisphere, and south-facing slopes generally receive sunlight much longer than north-facing slopes. In this way, the temperature of southern slopes is higher than that of northern slopes. This is why the so-called "shady slope (northern slope) and sunny slope (south slope) are very different."

In terms of illumination, the illumination in mountains is generally lower than that in plains. The illumination time is short and the illumination is weak. This is because the uplift of the mountains causes the airflow originally flowing at a lower altitude to be lifted to a higher space, and then due to the influence of temperature, the water vapor in the airflow turns into clouds. The shielding effect of clouds causes the sunlight that originally illuminates the mountains to be affected by the clouds. Either weakened or reflected. In this way, the amount of sunlight that can reach the ground is greatly reduced.

In precipitation, because the lifted airflow encounters the influence of low temperature at high altitude, some water vapor is precipitated, and finally turns into precipitation and returns to the ground. Or, although the precipitation is insufficient, there are more rainy days and higher humidity. big. Although there is not much precipitation in some places, the difference is very large. After a certain intensity of rainfall, there will be periodic waterfalls and flash floods, which are really spectacular.

In terms of airflow, due to changes in mountain topography, the airflow speed is larger in some places, that is, the wind is stronger. In some places, due to the obstruction of mountains, the wind speed is very small, forming a de facto static flow. wind zone.

The above characteristics of mountainous areas constitute the diversity of mountain climate characteristics. Such climate characteristics lead to the diversity of biological resources. In other words, the biological species in mountainous areas are generally greater than in plain areas at the same latitude. For example, the Shennongjia Forest Area, located at about 31° north latitude, has more than 3,700 species of various plants, including 119 families, 872 genera, and 2,671 species of higher vascular plants. Among them, 39 species are listed as national first- and second-level protected tree species; There are more than 1,060 species of various animals, including 33 species of amphibians, 40 species of reptiles, 76 species of mammals, 47 species of fish, 308 species of birds, and 560 species of insects. 67 species of rare wild animals, including golden monkeys, South China tigers, leopards, white storks, white snakes, and great bustards, are under national key protection. Shennongjia has 2,013 species of animals and plants that can be used as medicine, making it a veritable "Central China Species Gene Bank". These rich biological resources also provide a solid biological and genetic foundation for scientific research and economic development.

(2) Industries suitable for development in mountainous areas

Based on the characteristics of mineral resources, climate resources and biological resources in mountainous areas, when developing the economy in mountainous areas, the development and utilization of the above resources should first be considered .

①Mineral resource development. There are many mineral resources in the mountains that can be developed and utilized. For example, there are many limestone resources, coal resources and other mineral resources in the southwest mountains. These resources can be mined directly.

Some trace elements that overflow with changes in the earth's crust are also distributed on the surface or in shallow strata. This is also a resource worth developing. For example, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Hubei Province is known as the "Selenium Capital of the World" because of its independent selenium mines, many selenium-rich black rocks and selenium-rich soil. Due to the special role of selenium, agricultural products rich in selenium have high value. However, the development and utilization of these resources cannot follow the practice of mining development. Instead, crop cultivation and animal husbandry must be used to absorb and enrich the trace element selenium scattered in the mountains into harvested products. This is also a good way.

It should be noted that mineral development must be carried out in accordance with relevant national regulations. Unauthorized mining is not allowed and attention must be paid to the implementation of safety measures.

②Climate resource utilization. The climate resources in the mountains are also very valuable for exploitation. Producers can arrange crops that love temperature and light (such as rice, corn, general fruits, etc.) in the mountain fields facing the south, and crops that tolerate shade and adapt to cold (such as certain medicinal materials, potatoes, etc.) In mountainous fields facing the north, you can take advantage of the early and rapid temperature rise in low-altitude areas to raise seedlings in low-altitude areas and then transport them to high-altitude areas for transplanting to obtain effective temperature accumulation for crops in high-altitude areas. You can use different Due to the temperature difference in the altitude fields, off-season vegetable cultivation is carried out. It should be said that the effective use of these resources is also very beneficial to the development of the local economy.

③Biological resource development. The diversity of mountain biological resources provides a very broad development space for the economic development of mountainous areas.

In terms of planting industry, producers can develop some unique crops adapted to the local area and produce high-quality plant products unique to mountainous areas on the basis of meeting local food needs. Such as mountain special grains, fruits, medicinal materials, vegetables, and some local products.

Although the soil, light and other conditions in mountainous areas are not as good as those in plains, the best growing environment for certain plants is in mountainous areas, and some even only in a specific and limited range. In this environment, certain plants can obtain better yields and very superior quality. Once they leave such environmental conditions, although the yield will increase, the quality will drop significantly. This is an unparalleled advantage of mountains. We should firmly grasp these favorable conditions and work hard to develop, and we will be able to obtain better benefits.

Specialty breeding is also an important aspect of mountain economic development. Mountains are home to a wide variety of animal species. Such as wild boars, pheasants, civets, snakes, etc. Specialty breeding can be developed under legal conditions, and some plant products produced in mountainous areas can be transformed and then sold in the form of products with higher economic value, thereby obtaining better economic value. Animal products are different in different places. They can be developed and cultivated in conjunction with the market. These animal products can even be used as raw materials to carry out a certain degree of processing and value-added, which can also achieve greater benefits.

China is a mountainous country. Mountainous areas account for nearly 70% of the total land area. It is home to one-third of the country’s population and contains 43% of the country’s cultivated land, 98% of its forest resources and most of its minerals. resources, and currently most of China's poor people are also located in mountainous areas, so it is of great significance to do a good job in local economic development.