What are the modes of international operation of tourism enterprises?

The competitive spillover growth model mainly refers to those tourism enterprises that quickly enter the international category by taking advantage of their accumulated rich management, broad marketing network, intangible assets of company brands and human resources in the process of diversified growth. Such enterprises can be divided into two categories. One is that the industry in which enterprises with competitive advantages in management are located is declining, or the narrow market limits the realization of maximizing the interests of enterprises, and then international growth is realized through the spillover of these competitive advantages to tourism; The other is an enterprise that was originally engaged in tourism business, and achieved international growth by managing the spillover of knowledge and technology.

Tourist-dependent growth mode, that is, tourism enterprises use their large-scale outbound tourists to follow their spatial trajectory to extend the industrial chain, and then obtain more income points in the value chain of tourism industry in multiple locations. The prerequisite of this growth model is that the country to which tourism enterprises belong must be a country with a relatively large population base, a high level of economic development and a certain scale of outbound tourism population, that is, most countries with developed tourism economy.

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