History of Thailand

Kingdom of Thailand

The Kingdom of Thailand (20), referred to as Thailand for short, is a country in Southeast Asia, and the most peculiar national feature is the long-necked nation. Laos and Cambodia to the east, Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia to the south, Myanmar and Andaman Sea to the west. Before 1949 May 1 1, the name of Thailand was Siam. The national flag is rectangular with an aspect ratio of 3: 2. It consists of five horizontal rectangles with red, white and blue colors arranged in parallel. The top and bottom are red, the middle is blue, and the blue top and bottom are white. The width of blue is equal to the width of two red or two white rectangles. Red represents the nation and symbolizes the strength and dedication of the people of all ethnic groups; Thailand takes Buddhism as the state religion, and white represents religion, symbolizing the purity of religion; Thailand is a constitutional monarchy country, the king is supreme, blue represents the royal family, and the blue in the middle symbolizes the royal family among people of all ethnic groups, which is pure religion.

A brief history of this country

Thailand has a history and culture of more than 700 years, formerly known as Siam. In 1238, the Sukhothai dynasty was established and a relatively unified country began to form. It experienced Sukhothai Dynasty, Dacheng Dynasty, Wuli Dynasty and Bangkok Dynasty. Since16th century, it has been invaded by colonialists such as Portugal, Holland, Britain and France. /kloc-at the end of 0/9, King V of Bangkok dynasty absorbed a lot of western experience to carry out social reform. 1896, Britain and France signed a treaty stipulating that Siam is the buffer state between British Burma and French Indian zhina, thus making Siam the only non-colonial country in Southeast Asia. 1June, 932, the People's Party staged a coup and established a constitutional monarchy. 1938, Yun Piwen came to power,1June 939, renamed Thailand, meaning "King of Thailand". 194 1 was occupied by Japan, and Thailand announced to join the Axis. Siam's name was restored on 1945. 1949 changed its name to Thailand in May.

festival

National Day King's Birthday 65438+February 5th (1927, King bhumibol adulyadej's Birthday) Songkran Festival (April 13 to 15 in Gregorian calendar); Loi krathong (Thai calendar1February 15).

emblem of thailand

national emblem

The national emblem of Thailand is a totem pattern full of religious mystery. Crimson Dapeng is an eagle-faced god in Thai folklore.

language

Thai is the official language of Thailand and belongs to the Dong-Tai language family of Zhuang-Dong language family. Thai is an analytical language, and different tones can distinguish vocabulary and grammar.

religion

Buddhism is the state religion with 95% followers, followed by Islam with 3.8%, Christianity with 0.5% and others with 0.7%. Taogong, Pattani and Yala in southern Thailand are mainly Muslims. And Catholics and Hindus.

Thailand scenery

nation

There are more than 30 ethnic groups in China, among which the Thai is the main ethnic group, accounting for 40% of the total population, and the rest are Laos, Chinese, Malay, Khmer, Miao, Yao, Guangxi, Brunei, Karen, Shan, Semang and Shagai. Thai is the national language. 95% of the residents believe in Buddhism, Malays believe in Islam, and a few people believe in Christianity, Catholicism, Hinduism and Sikhism. Chinese are an important ethnic group in Thailand, with about 7.3 million people (in 2003), accounting for 12% of the total population. They mainly believe in Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism in China.

Edit this geographical section

historical geography

Thailand is located in the south-central part of Indochina Peninsula. It borders Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar, borders the Gulf of Thailand (Pacific Ocean) in the southeast and the Andaman Sea (Indian Ocean) in the southwest. The tropical monsoon climate is divided into hot, rainy and cool seasons throughout the year, with an average annual temperature of 24 ~ 30℃.

1238 began to form a relatively unified country. It experienced Sukhothai Dynasty, Dacheng Dynasty, Wuli Dynasty and Bangkok Dynasty, and was originally named Siam. 1652 (the ninth year of Shunzhi), Siam sent envoys to pay tribute to the Qing Dynasty, which opened the friendly exchanges between the two countries. 1767, Burmese troops invaded Siam and conquered the capital of Siam. Pierre Daxin, the rich magistrate of Dacheng Dynasty, organized the Siamese people to repel the invading Burmese army, unified Siam and was made king. 1768, Marsh sent an envoy to the Qing Dynasty, requesting the Qing court to make him King of Siam, but the Qing court thought that he was taking the opportunity to usurp the throne and refused.

The luxury of Bangkok

However, Marsh continued to show kindness to the Qing government, and the Qing government finally recognized the dynasty established by Marsh in 1777, allowing Siamese envoys to pay tribute to the Qing court. 1823 (the third year of Daoguang), the Qing government presented the memorial tablet of "being buried in the sea forever" to the Buddha Lotra Naboulet, king of Siam. /kloc-in the 0/9th century, colonialists such as Portugal, the Netherlands, Britain and France invaded successively. 1855, the British representative and Hong Kong Governor Pauling forced Siam to sign the Anglo-Siam Trade Treaty (Pauling Treaty). Since then, France, the United States, Germany, Italy and other countries have followed the example of Britain and forced Siam to sign similar treaties. Siam became a semi-colony of western colonial countries. 1896, Britain and France signed a treaty, stipulating that Siam was the buffer state between British Burma and French Indian zhina, and the suzerain-vassal relationship with the Qing Dynasty gradually ended. /kloc-at the end of 0/9, King Rama IV began to open to the outside world. King Rama V used western experience for reference to carry out social reform. 1In June, 932, during the reign of King Rama VII, the People's Party staged a coup, changing the absolute monarchy into a constitutional monarchy. 1939 was renamed Thailand. After several changes, 1949 was officially named Thailand.

Thailand means "King of Thailand". In its 800-year history, Thailand can be proud that it is the only country in Southeast Asia that has not been colonized. The history of Thailand is divided into five main periods:

Southern Dynasties

(AD 650- 1250)

Thais established their country in the south of China, which is now Yunnan, Guangxi and Guangdong. Many people moved south to the Chao Phraya River basin and settled in the central plain under the rule of the Khmer Empire, which may have accepted the culture of the Khmer Empire. The Thai people established an independent country Sukhothai around A.D. 1238, marking the beginning of Sukhothai dynasty.

Sukhothai period

(AD 1238- 1378)

/kloc-In the 3rd century, the Thai people began to become the ruling force in this region, and gradually declared their independence from the Khmer and Bangladeshi kingdoms that existed at that time. The rulers call it "the dawn of happiness", which is usually considered as the golden age of Thai history. This is an ideal Thailand, rich in products and the monarch is as charitable as his father. The most famous king is the great Langen Star. But in 1350, more powerful big cities had a great influence on Sukhothai.

Dacheng period

( 1350- 1767)

Monarchs in big cities have been influenced by Khmer culture from the beginning. They are no longer benevolent and approachable monarchs like the parents of Sukhothai dynasty, but autocratic emperors, and adopt the title of devaraja (King of God). In the early period of this period, the rule of big cities extended to the neighboring principality of Thailand and clashed with neighboring countries. /kloc-in the 7th century, Siam began to establish diplomatic and commercial relations with western countries.

1767, Myanmar invaded and successfully captured the big city. Although the Burmese won, their rule over Siam did not last long. The young general Phya Taksin and his entourage broke through the encirclement of the Burmese and fled to Chantaburi. Seven months after the fall of Dacheng, he and his army returned to the capital by boat, driving away the defenders of Myanmar and recovering Dacheng.

Wu Li's swallowing period

( 1767- 1772)

The famous general Taksin decided to move the capital from a big city to a place near the sea, which was not only beneficial to foreign trade, but also to ensure the purchase of weapons, as well as to facilitate defense and retreat in case Myanmar attacked again. He established a new capital in Tunwuli on the west bank of Chao Phraya River. Taksin's rule was not smooth sailing. After the fall of the great city, the lack of central authority led to the rapid disintegration of the dynasty and the destruction of Taksin's rule of unifying the governments.

Bangkok period

(1782 till now)

After Taksin's death, General Chakuri became the first king of Chakuri Dynasty, namely Rama I, and his reign was from 1782 to 1809. His first act after he ascended the throne was to move the royal capital from Dun Ngari to Bangkok across the river and build a magnificent palace. Buddha Loetla Nabhalai (1809-1824) continued the construction work. King Kelao (1824- 185 1) of Gessa re-established contact with western countries and developed trade with China. In The King and Me, King Monkut of Rama IV (185 1- 1868) established modern Thailand by concluding treaties with European countries to avoid becoming a colony. During his administration, many social and economic reforms were carried out.

King Chulalongkorn of Rama V (1869- 19 10) inherited his father's reform, abolished slavery and improved public welfare and administrative system. King Vajiravudh of Rama VI (1910-1925) reformed other aspects of compulsory education. During the reign of King Prajadibo (1925- 1935), Thailand changed from absolute monarchy to constitutional monarchy. The king abdicated in 1933 and was succeeded by his nephew king ananda Mahidol (1935- 1946). The country changed its name from Siam to Thailand, and realized a democratic political system from 65438 to 0939. The current king bhumibol adulyadej is Rama IX of Chariku dynasty.

Thailand was called Siam in ancient times. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Prime Minister Chen was defeated and occupied the city. Later, he left Siam and died in Siam. The Yuan Dynasty was a powerful country and determined to develop outward. Southeast Asian countries have paid tribute to the Yuan Dynasty, and Thailand is no exception.

According to the records of Yuan history, in the Yuan Dynasty (1277 to 1368), the colossus of Siam paid tribute to everything. Yuan Di praised her submission and awarded China's treasure, while Yuan Ting also sent three letters of condolence to Siam, and they had a good relationship.

In A.D. 1350, a Thai chief named Rama Tiebodhi rose in Ayutthaya in the lower reaches of the Zhaopiye River in South Mae, and even conquered Sukhothai in the north to establish a kingdom. Most of Malaysia and Denzon along the coast of Myanmar are owned. King Ramatiebodhi died in 1369, that is, in the second year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty. In the 10th year of Hongwu (1377), Prince Zhao Lu of Siam was a group of princesses who came to Korea on the orders of his father. Ming Taizu was overjoyed, and asked Wang Heng, the minister of does, to seal the King of Siam and give the Prince clothes, coins and travelling expenses. Since then, Dacheng Dynasty has been called Siam. In the twenty-eighth year of Hongwu, Zhao sent envoys to pay tribute and told his father about his funeral. Taizu hit the official, went to offer sacrifices to the heir to the throne, and rewarded him a lot.

In the first year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty, Cheng Zu gave Siam a seal of Wang Jinyin, and the king of Siam also sent envoys to give thanks.

When Zheng He went to the West, many people stayed in Siam.

In the early Ming Dynasty, China's overseas activities were very frequent. Cheng Zu of the Ming Dynasty sent Zheng He to lead the fleet to seven voyages to the West. Siam, located in the sea passage from Vietnam to Malaysia, is a must. At that time, Chinese businessmen were already living in Southeast Asia. Ma Huan, who accompanied Zheng He to the Western Seas, wrote a book entitled "The Victory of Siam Seen from English Teeth", describing the situation of Siam: "The country is thousands of miles away, the mountains are rugged and the inland is humid. There is almost no barren soil for farming, and the climate is not right, either cold or hot. The house in the king's official residence is quite gorgeous and tidy. People's houses are built like buildings, but they are demolished like bamboo buildings with betel nuts, and the dense pendulums are firmly tied with rattan. Spread a rattan bamboo mat and the bamboo will lie on it. He dressed up as a king, with a white cloth on his head, no clothes on it, and a towel wrapped around his waist. Ride an elephant or sit in a sedan chair in and out. One person holds an umbrella with a golden handle, made of grass leaves, which is very good. Wang Chongxin teaches Buddhism. Many people in China are monks and nuns. Buddhist monks and nuns wear the same colors as China. I also live in a temple and fast. The custom is that women are in charge. The king and his people, if there is any discussion about buying and selling everything, this is their wife.

Monarchy

His Majesty King bhumibol adulyadej is the ninth king of Chakuri Dynasty. 1927 was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA on February 5. His father, Prince Meadow of Songkhla, studied medicine at Harvard University. King Bhumibol succeeded to the throne in 1946, and was the longest-serving monarch in Thailand. As a constitutional monarchy, he remained neutral in times of crisis.