Who owns Xingkai Lake?

Xingkai Lake Khanka, Lake

Ozero Khanka in Russian, also known as Hsing-k'ai hu or Xingkai Hu.

A shallow lake on the border between China and Russia. In the southeastern part of Heilongjiang Province, the north belongs to China and the south belongs to Russia. The lake is 69 meters above sea level, with a general water depth of 5 to 6 to 56 meters and a maximum depth of 10 meters. Area is 4,380 square kilometers. The freeze started in December, and within 10,6,515 days, the lake was completely frozen. From the end of February to the beginning of March, the ice layer was 0.9 meters thick. Thaws in mid-to-late April. There are many swamps around the lake, and the bottom of the lake is full of silt and humus. The lake water is turbid, with a transparency of only 60 centimeters. The lake water flows out from near the Dragon King Temple in the northeast as the Songaca River and flows into the Ussuri River. There is Xiaoxingkai Lake in the north of the lake. There is a sand bar about 1 kilometer wide between the two lakes, which are connected when the water rises. Rich in fish.

Region: Heilongjiang

Area: 4380.00 square kilometers

Depth: Maximum depth 6.00 meters, average depth <4 meters

Volume : 2.71 billion cubic meters

Ecological characteristics: Xingkai Lake is a moderately trophic lake, and the ecosystem is in a benign state. The main pollutant is wastewater from paper mills; there are 6 orders, 12 families, and 65 species of fish. , the most famous of which are big white fish and white shrimp. Big white fish is a specialty of Xingkai Lake and is listed as one of the four famous freshwater fish in my country. There are also silver carp, ao flower, abalone, crucian carp, lake shrimp, etc., crustaceans It mainly produces shrimps and is one of the main aquaculture bases in Heilongjiang Province. Outside Xingkai Lake, there is a large passage for Northeast Asian migratory birds. In April every year, a large number of migratory birds stay in the open water area of ????Songaca River Estuary, with 16 people staying in the lake. There are 190 species in 39 families, including 5 species of national first-class birds, namely red-crowned crane, oriental white stork, white-tailed sea eagle, golden eagle, and Steller's sea eagle. Xingkai Lake Nature Reserve also focuses on rare birds; Daxingkai The shores of the lake in my country are mostly gravel shoals.

Morphological description Xingkai Lake is the boundary lake between China and Russia. The northern third of the area belongs to China and the southern part belongs to Russia. Xingkai Lake is the collective name of Da Xingkai Lake and Xiao Xingkai Lake. An oval shape, wide in the north and narrow in the south. Xiaoxingkai Lake and Xingkai Lake are separated by a 90-kilometer-long natural sand bar. The widest part of the sand bar is about 1 kilometer. It has an altitude of 69 meters and a total area of ??4556km2, of which the big lake is 4380km2 (1220km2 in my country), 60km wide from east to west, 90km long from north to south, 400km in circumference, maximum depth 10m, average depth 3.5m, normal water storage 15.33 billion cubic meters, maximum water storage 22.5 billion cubic meters, Xiaoxingkai Lake is 34.5km long from east to west, 4.5km wide from north to south, with an area of ??176km2, a circumference of 90 kilometers, and an average lake depth of 1.8 meters.

Xingkai Lake is located in the east of Jixi City, Heilongjiang Province, 35 kilometers away from Mishan City. It was formed after the ancient volcanic eruption due to the subsidence of the terrain and accumulation of water; it is the northern third of the boundary lake between China and Russia. It covers an area of ????China and belongs to Russia in the south, with an area of ??4380 kilometers, a coastline length of 90 kilometers, an altitude of 69 meters, a deepest point of 10 meters, a width of 60 kilometers from east to west, a vertical distance of 140 kilometers from north to south, 45°20′ north latitude and 132° east longitude. °40′. Nine rivers flow into the lake, and the lake overflows from the northeast and finally flows into the Ussuri River. Xingkai Lake was originally an inland lake in China. After the signing of the Beijing Treaty between China and Russia in 1860, it became a boundary lake between China and Russia.

Historical records indicate that Xingkai Lake was called Meituo Lake in the Tang Dynasty and was famous for its abundance of "Meituo crucian carp". Because the lake is shaped like a "yueqin", it was called "Beiqin Sea" in the Jin Dynasty, and was changed to Xingkai Lake in the Qing Dynasty. It is also called Xingkai Lake, which is the kei sound of Kenka in the local Hezhe language, which means water flows from high to low. "Xingkai" is Manchu, and "Xingkai" means "water rat", which shows that there were many water rats in Xingkai Lake at that time. To the north of Xingkai Lake is Xiao Xingkai Lake, also known as Dabaku Lake, which means "water flows from high to low" in Manchu. Xingkai Lake consists of two lakes, a large one and a small one. They are separated by a lake hill. The trees on the lake hill are lush and beautiful. Xiaoxingkai Lake is gentle and quiet, with fish leaping and birds flying, and sails dotted with shadows; Daxingkai Lake is vast, with the sky and water the same color, boundless and majestic, and is called emerald.

The shore of Xingkai Lake is a soft beach. The lake water is clean and pollution-free, and the transparency of the lake water is 1.5 to 2.0 meters. To the north of Xingkai Lake and west of Songacha River, the 403-square-kilometer Xiao Xingkai Lake is naturally formed. Xiao Xingkai Lake and Xingkai Lake are separated by a 90-kilometer-long natural sand bar. The widest part of the sand bar is about 1 Kilometers, various green trees naturally formed on the sand hills are shaded, and animals such as deer, mink, rats, pheasants and so on thrive. There are 190 species of 16 orders, 39 families and 190 species in the Northeast Asia Migratory Bird Channel outside Xingkai Lake. Among them, there are 5 species of national first-class birds, namely red-crowned crane, oriental white stork, white-tailed sea eagle, golden eagle and steller sea eagle. According to statistics, there are 65 species of fish in 12 families and 6 orders in Xingkai Lake, the most famous of which are white fish and white shrimp. Big white fish is a specialty of Xingkai Lake and is listed as one of the four famous freshwater fish in my country. There are also silver carp, aohua, abalone, crucian carp, lake shrimp, etc. It is one of the main aquaculture bases in Heilongjiang Province. The plant resources of Xingkai Lake include a total of 460 species in 104 families and 3 orders. The famous ones include 9 species of national second-level protected plants such as Xingkai Lake red pine and Xing'an juniper. The lake is connected to the Ussuri River via the Songaca River. Xingkai Lake is a natural water body with multiple functions such as flood control, water storage and drainage, irrigation and tourism.

Established in 1985 with the approval of the Heilongjiang Provincial People's Government, it was promoted to national level in 1994. Its main protection objects are wetland ecosystems and rare birds. On the morning of December 19, 2008, the World Biosphere Reserve Certification Conference was held in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. Xingkai Lake National Nature Reserve was delighted to pick up the golden osmanthus at the meeting and became one of the 28 members accepted by the organization so far in China. This is not only the highest honor it has received since Xingkai Lake National Nature Reserve was promoted to a national geological park and joined the China Man and Biosphere Reserve, it also adds a gold-plated tourism business card to Jixi. The World Network of Biosphere Reserves, which now has 531 members, is a scientific program launched by UNESCO to address population, resources, and environmental issues. Its distinctive feature is that this plan is not just a plan of scientists, but a scientific plan for the protection of biodiversity and sustainable development that emphasizes the joint participation of local people, managers and governments, emphasizing the relationship between people and The idea of ??harmony in the biosphere. Xingkai Lake is located in the northeastern border of my country. It has vast waters and vast wetlands. It is the most biologically diverse and best-preserved natural ecosystem in the Sanjiang Plain. It is the largest bird migration channel and resting and breeding ground in Northeast Asia. It is an important commercial grain in my country. base. In 1986, the Heilongjiang Provincial Government approved the establishment of a provincial nature reserve in Xingkai Lake. In 1994, it was promoted to national level with the approval of the State Council.

Xingkai Lake is the third lake in Heilongjiang Province to join the World Biosphere Reserve after Fenglin and Wudalianchi. As a national nature reserve included in the "List of Wetlands of International Importance" by the Ramsar Ramsar Convention and a member of the Northeast Asian Crane Conservation Network, Xingkai Lake is known for its effective ecological protection work and unique ecological environment in the reserve. The charm of biological diversity has become a new member of the World Biosphere Reserve together with the Chebaling National Nature Reserve in Guangdong Province.

At the certificate awarding conference, Academician Xu Zhihong, chairman of the Chinese National Committee for Man and the Biosphere, said that becoming a world biosphere reserve is not only an honor, but also a responsibility. He hoped that the managers of Xingkai Lake and Chebaling World Biosphere Reserves, local residents and local governments at all levels would shoulder their mission, implement and enrich the concept of World Biosphere Reserves with their own practices, and contribute to the health of our planet. and provide examples for the sustainable development of human society.

Main landscape and tourism projects: Xingkai Lake Central Tourism Area is mainly divided into three major tourism sectors: First, Xingkai Lake Central Scenic Area (breeding farm area), covering an area of ??1.98 square kilometers, mainly featuring the Dragon King Temple It consists of Xiaoxingkai Lake Bathing Beach, Xipaozi Wild Fishing Ground and Wildlife Viewing Area. The second is Xinkailiu Scenic Area: mainly composed of Xinkailiu ancient cultural sites, water park, and Daxingkai Lakeside Bathing Beach. The third is Liyugang Scenic Area: mainly composed of a 100-meter floodgate and a golden beach bathing beach.