What kind of city is Guiyang?

Guiyang, referred to as "Zhu", is the capital of Guizhou Province and the political, economic, cultural and financial center of Guizhou Province. It is an important central city in the southwest region, a national regional central city, an important national ecological leisure vacation tourism city, and a national comprehensive railway hub. It is a key channel for trade cooperation between mainland China and ASEAN economies. It is named after the south of Guiyang Mountain and has a history of more than 400 years. In ancient times, Guiyang was rich in bamboo and was famous for making musical instruments called "Zhu".

Guiyang is a modern city with plateau characteristics that has "a city in the mountains, a mountain in the city, surrounded by green belts, surrounded by forests, the city is in the forest, and the forest is in the city". It is China's first national forest city, Circular economy pilot city. With climatic advantages such as suitable temperature, moderate humidity, favorable wind speed, low ultraviolet radiation, clean air, excellent water quality, suitable altitude, and low energy consumption in summer, it topped the list of "China's Top Ten Summer Resort Cities" and was awarded "China's Top Ten Summer Resort Cities" by the Chinese Meteorological Society. "Summer City" title.

Guiyang is a national-level big data industry development cluster, a national-level data storage disaster recovery base and a national-level cloud computing application base. It is the country's leading big data technology innovation and application service demonstration base and industry cluster development base. "China Data Valley", the country's first all-area public free WiFi city, the world's first big data public platform gathered on the block, the country's important call center and service outsourcing agglomeration area, the country's first big data transaction Center, an important data center gathering area in the country.

Topography and landforms

Guiyang landforms

Guiyang is located in the middle of the original hills of the Central Guizhou Mountains, in the watershed zone of the Yangtze River and the Pearl River. The general terrain is high in the southwest and low in the northeast. The Miao Mountains extend across the city, with undulating hills and denuded hills alternating with basins, valleys and depressions. The relative height difference is 100-200 meters. The highest peak is at the top of Miaowo, Shuitian Town, with an altitude of 1,659 meters; the lowest point is at the exit of Nanming River, with an altitude of 880 meters. The central layered landform is obvious, mainly including the Guiyang-Zhongcaosi syncline basin and the multi-level platform and karst hill depression landforms composed of Baiyun-Huaxi-Qingyan. Peak clusters, saucer-shaped depressions, funnels, undercurrents and caves develop. Flat dams include Huaxi, Mengguan, Wudang, Jinhua, Zhuchang and other places. Nanming River runs through the urban area from southwest to northeast, and its drainage area accounts for about 70% of the total urban area.

Guiyang’s landform belongs to the hilly basin area, which is dominated by mountains and hills. Among them, the mountain area is 4218 square kilometers, and the hilly area is 2842 square kilometers; the dam area is less, only 912 square kilometers; in addition, there are about 1.2% of canyons and other landforms.

Climate Characteristics

Guiyang City has an altitude of about 1,100 meters and is located in the Fedel circulation. It is controlled by the westerly belt all year round and has a subtropical humid and mild climate, with an average annual temperature of 15.3°C. , the annual extreme maximum temperature is 35.1℃, the annual extreme minimum temperature is -7.3℃, the annual average relative humidity is 77%, the annual average total precipitation is 1129.5 mm, the annual average number of thunder and lightning days is 49.1 days, and the annual average number of cloudy days is 235.1 days, the annual average sunshine hours is 1148.3 hours, and the annual snowfall days are few, with an average of only 11.3 days.

Guiyang has no scorching heat in summer. The average temperature in summer is 23.2℃, and the maximum temperature is between 25-28℃. In late July, the hottest period, the average temperature is only 23.7℃, the highest temperature in the whole year. The number of days above 30℃ is few, with an average of only 35.8 days in the past five years, and the number of days above 35℃ is only 0.3 days; the ultraviolet intensity only reaches level 4 in a short period of time at noon, and is weak or very weak the rest of the time; There is abundant rainfall in summer, about 500 mm, and nighttime precipitation accounts for 70% of the annual precipitation. There is no severe cold in Guiyang in winter, with the coldest month being early January, with an average temperature of 4.6°C. In addition, the forest belt around Guiyang City provides abundant negative oxygen ions, which can be called a "natural oxygen bar" and has won the reputation of "there is paradise above, Suzhou and Hangzhou below, and Guiyang has a pleasant climate".

River Hydrology

Guiyang City’s water resources mainly come from natural rain. The city’s annual natural runoff is 546 to 640 mm, with an average water production of 563,000 cubic meters per square kilometer. The total water resources The volume is 5.34 billion cubic meters. There are 98 rivers with a length of more than 10 kilometers in the city, including 90 in the Yangtze River Basin and 8 in the Pearl River Basin. The main rivers include the Wujiang River, Nanming River, Maotiao River, Yachi River, Undercurrent River, Yuliang River and Gusa in the Yangtze River system. River, Xifeng River and Yangshui River, as well as the Mengjiang River in the Pearl River system. The main artificial lakes include Hongfeng Lake, Baihua Lake, Aha Reservoir, Huaxi Reservoir, etc.

Natural resources

Land resources

The total land area of ??Guiyang is 804,667 hectares.

Among them, there are 271,941 hectares of cultivated land, accounting for 33.8% of the total land area; 7,452 hectares of garden land, accounting for 0.93%; 273,653 hectares of forest land, accounting for 34.01%, and a forest coverage rate of 39.19%; 26,670 hectares of pasture land, accounting for 3.31%; and 15,419 hectares of water surface, accounting for 39.19%. 1.92% (1,213 hectares of pond water surface, 223 hectares of breeding water surface, 9,477 hectares of reservoir water surface, 4,490 hectares of river water surface, and 16 hectares of lake water surface); construction land (including residential areas, industrial and mining land, transportation land and water conservancy facilities) 63,017 hectares, accounting for 7.83%; 113,163 hectares of unused land (including: 36,278 hectares of barren grassland, 71,462 hectares of bare gravel land, 41,294 hectares of field ridges, 615 hectares of bare land, and 267 hectares of tidal flats), 14.06%.

Biological resources

Wild animals: Historically, there were 7 categories of common invertebrates and more than 100 species in Guiyang; 202 species (subspecies) of vertebrates, including 50 species of fish , 11 species of Amphibians, 15 species of Reptiles, 85 (subspecies) species of Birds, and 41 species (subspecies) of Mammalia. Since the 1960s, various species of animals have declined sharply. There are still a small number of nationally protected animals at all levels in the outer suburbs of Guiyang City and deep in the mountains of three counties and one city. There are: giant salamander, mandarin duck, golden pheasant, pangolin, myna, forest musk deer, macaque, etc. and a variety of snakes and lizards.

Wild plants: Guiyang has historically been extremely rich in plant resources. In 1958 alone, 24 families, 40 genera, and 62 species of algal plant specimens were collected in Guiyang. Most of them are edible or medicinal.

In 1978, among the fungi identified in Guiyang City, there were 37 species of edible toadstools, including bamboo fungus, fungus, boletus, pine milk mushroom, and succulent milk mushroom. , morels, white mushrooms, etc. are common edible species. The most common medicinal fungi are Ganoderma lucidum, Purple Zhizhi, and Poria cocos.

There are 128 species of bryophytes, belonging to 42 families and 80 genera. It is now rare in urban areas. There are 23 families, 37 genera, and 63 species of ferns, most of which can be used as medicine. The young shoots of purple bracken and bracken can be used for cooking, and the starch in the roots is a precious health food.

There are 316 species of seed plants, belonging to 87 families and 187 genera. Common timber plants include masson pine, fir, cypress, arborvitae and various oak trees. Rare tree species include Qingyan yew, There are dozens of species including southern hemlock, Yunnan-Guizhou hornbeam, etc. Valuable medicinal species include Magnolia officinalis, Eucommia ulmoides, Cortex cypress, etc. In addition, there are a variety of oily and aromatic plants. Rare ornamental trees include southern yew and so on. There are nearly 700 species of medicinal herbs in 127 families. In the 1960s, a variety of medicinal woody and herbal plants could be collected from the mountains in the city.

Huaxi Qingyan Oilwood Nature Reserve is the only nature reserve in Guiyang City.

Energy and Minerals

The total installed capacity of thermal power is 107.5 kilowatts, and the annual power generation is 2.421 billion kilowatt hours. The water energy reserves are more abundant, reaching 10 million kilowatts, and its thermal power installed capacity accounts for 10% of the total. It accounts for 70% of the province and generates 7.3 billion kilowatt hours of electricity annually.

Bauxite and phosphate rock are currently the dominant minerals in Guiyang. Others such as barite, crystal, quartz sand, etc. also have great development prospects. The traditional mineral resources are coal mines, and the state-owned part has been basically exhausted.

Population and Ethnicity

As of the end of 2015, Guiyang’s population reached 4.6218 million.

Guiyang is a multi-ethnic city, with the Han population accounting for the majority, followed by the Buyi ethnic group, and the Miao ethnic group ranking third in Guiyang. In addition, there are Hui, Dong, Yi, and Zhuang ethnic groups. and more than 20 ethnic minorities.