Which side is the Wa state in Myanmar, south or east?

Wa State (the second special zone of Myanmar) is located in the northern part of Myanmar, nominally under the jurisdiction of Shan State, historically under the jurisdiction of China, Nanzhao in the Tang Dynasty and Dali in the Song Dynasty. Common Chinese and Chinese are composed of two regions, south and north, with a total area of about 27,000 square kilometers and a population of about 500,000. It borders Yunnan Province of China in the north with a population of about 360,000, and borders Thailand with a population of about 65,438+10,000 in the south with Bangkang as its capital. Most Wa leaders are Wa people. The second special zone of Shan State consists of two parts: the south and the north. The northern region is located in the northeast of Myanmar, about 22-23 north latitude and 98- 100 east longitude. The northeast is bordered by Gengma County and Cangyuan County in Lincang area of Yunnan Province, China, and Lancang County, Ximeng County, Menglian County and Menghai County in Pu 'er City. The north is connected with Myanmar No.1 Special Zone (Kokang); It is adjacent to the fourth special zone of Shan State in Myanmar in the south; The Nujiang River, the second largest river in Myanmar, is in the west, facing Gongnong, Dangyang and other towns across the river.

The history of the Second Special Zone of Shan State in Myanmar can be divided into three stages:

First stage

Thousands of years before 1967 was a long historical stage of Wa state, a stage of change at the end of primitive society and the beginning of feudal society. Ghosts and gods dominate people's minds, and hereditary mountain officials and chiefs rule the whole society, which is manifested in tribal system. The whole Wa state is divided into dozens of tribes (called "En" in Wa language).

Map of the Second Special Zone of Myanmar (Wa State)

Historically, Wa belonged to China, Nanzhao in Tang Dynasty and Dali in Song Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, it belonged to the chieftain territory of Mengding, Menglian and Menggen. In the Qing Dynasty, some areas broke away from the original chieftain control and became the land of Oto. The more famous are gourds and awns.

During the British rule in Myanmar, the Wa State was separated from British Burma and named Wa State.

From 65438 to 0948, the Wa nationality was led by China Kuomintang for 20 years. From 65438 to 0966, four guerrillas appeared in the Wa State and began to weaken the Kuomintang. 1969, Myanmar * * * regarded the Wa region as a weak area managed by the federal government and controlled it for another 20 years. 1989, the Wa State broke away from the wrong leadership of Myanmar's * * * production party, and reached a ceasefire agreement with Myanmar's federal government in May of that year, thus moving towards the road of peaceful development.

stage Ⅱ

During the period of 1967- 1989, when the tribes were in melee and the people of all ethnic groups were plunged into darkness, many people of insight in Wa stood up bravely. They realized that to save the Wa people from the quagmire, we must overthrow the reactionary tribal system, organize revolutionary armed forces, and realize the unity and reconciliation of the Wa people.

From June 6, 438 to June 9, 966, the leaders led by Bao and Bao Sanban organized guerrillas.

1967 In May, leaders led by Yan Ken and Yan Kelong organized the Yancheng guerrillas.

On 1968, the leaders headed by Lu Xingguo organized a double guerrilla organization.

1In February, 969, the leader headed by Zhao Nilai organized the Shaopa guerrillas.

The appearance of these guerrillas aroused the people's desire for liberation and was supported and loved by the people. The people actively joined the army to participate in the war, transmitted information, and the team developed rapidly. But these guerrilla groups are spontaneous and scattered. It is very limited to the unification and liberation of Wa. Guerrilla leaders realized that they must unify their organization, leadership and command. Zhao Nilai, Bao, Yan Ken and other leaders strengthened contacts and found the Myanmar * * * production party after many twists and turns. With a sincere attitude, please ask the Myanmar Production Party to lead the guerrillas to make revolution.

1969 in March, representatives of Myanmar * * * came to Shaopa and Shuang Hu, and went to Ma Kun and Yancheng in July. After repeated consultations and close cooperation with guerrilla leaders, Myanmar representatives reorganized the guerrillas. The 4048th Battalion of the Northeast Military Region of Myanmar People's Army was established on the basis of Shuang Hu guerrillas, the 4049th Battalion was established on the basis of Shopa guerrillas, the 502nd Battalion was established on the basis of Ma Kun guerrillas, and the 50th1Battalion was established on the basis of Yancheng guerrillas.

After the army was established, Jiangdong Command was established. The members of the headquarters are: Ministry,,, Guo Zhi, Zhao Nilai, Bao and others. After the establishment of the headquarters, Mengmao (new place) was liberated on April 30, 70, and then Yingpan, Bangyao and Jinchang were liberated. According to the orders of the Northeast Military Region, 4048 and 4049 troops went to fight outside the region, and 50 1 502 troops stayed in the tile area to fight.

197 1 year1kloc-0/month, Wa troops and militia participated in this rolling battle.

1972 In March, the headquarters of the Northeast Military Region of Myanmar was moved to Mengmao, and the troops stationed in Wa State were 4045, 4046, 4047 and 3035 and artillery battalions. By the end of this year, most of the Wa territory was liberated, and the Wa people in the north and the Wa people in the south were unified. 1973 liberated Meng Bo, most of Meng Yan and Ning Meng. 1In April 1973, the headquarters of the Northeast Military Region was moved to Bangkang;1In July 1978, the central headquarters was also moved to Bangsang until1April 1989.

Myanmar * * * Production Party has been in Wa area for 20 years, with Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought as the guiding ideology; Taking class struggle as the key link; Farmers-oriented; Taking the military as the center; The policy line of encircling cities from rural areas, winning wars and seizing political power liberated and unified the Wa state, and freed the Wa people from the shackles and shackles of tribal rule, which the Wa people will never forget.

In the past 20 years, Myanmar * * * has set up the numbers of the 2nd Brigade, 5th Brigade, 8th Brigade, 683rd Brigade, 685th Brigade, 768th Brigade, 859th Brigade, 12 Brigade, 6th Brigade, 7th Brigade, 48th Division and 68th Division. At the local level, militias have been widely established and state brigades have been established in various states. The armed forces have formed a trinity system of militia, local army and main force.

As for local political power, Beiwa County, Nanwa County, Jingbei County and Bangu brera Special Zone have been established.

Wa militia

In the past 20 years, Myanmar has run more than 20 schools and 5 hospitals in Wa State, mobilized the masses to build 300 kilometers of roads in dry season, and engaged in some farmland water conservancy work such as digging fields and ditching.

1September 9, 985, the third national congress was held in Myanmar. Comrade Zhao Ming was elected as a member of the Central Committee. Zhao Nilai, Bao and Li Ziru were elected as alternate members of the Central Committee. Before and after the Third National Congress of Myanmar, there were many internal problems: the base area became smaller and smaller, the class struggle became more and more fierce, the main leaders of the central government were aging, rigid in thinking and dogmatic. Great nationalism and sectarianism are increasingly obvious, and cadres cultivate cronies and form gangs. After years of war, the people's life has been declining year by year, and the army is in short supply ... At that time, many middle and lower-level cadres put forward many suggestions for improvement, but the main leaders of Myanmar refused to listen and were also labeled as "anti-Party". In this case, on March 1 1, Peng Jiasheng, the former deputy commander of the Northeast Military Region of Myanmar, boldly announced that he would leave the leadership of Myanmar and set up the Kokang National Democratic Alliance.

There are two opinions in Myanmar on how to deal with the problem of courage: one is peaceful settlement, and the other is military repression. Those who advocate military repression have the upper hand. They organized the headquarters and ordered Zhao Nilai, then the county magistrate of Beiwa County and the brigade commander of 12, and Bao Lingbing, then the deputy commander of the Central Military Region, to suppress it. Both of them are cadres who advocate peaceful settlement. At the critical moment when the two brothers are about to kill each other, Zhao Nilai and Bao are in a dilemma. On the one hand, they are superior leaders and can't do without carrying out military orders; On one side, we are comrades in the same trench for more than 20 years, and we can't bear to kill each other. In desperation, they finally decided to leave the leadership of Myanmar. This is the "4. 17" incident that shocked the inside and outside.

The third stage

1989, 17 In April, the Wa State raised the banner of justice, broke away from the wrong leadership of Myanmar, and formed the United Wa Party and the United Wa Army. May 18 Dialogue with the government to reach an armistice agreement. April 17 is a milestone in the history of the Wa State, from which the Wa State entered a new period of peace building.