English notes for the second semester of the second grade of junior high school (People's Education Press)

Key sentence patterns and phrases

1. have fun doing sth.

Sentence pattern introduction means "doing something has fun", in which have fun is equivalent to enjoy oneself, which means having a good time.

1. When collective nouns in English, such as family, class, team, etc., are used as subjects, if they are viewed as a whole, the subsequent predicate verb is singular; if the constituent members are emphasized, the predicate verb is plural . For example:

My family is a happy one. My family is a happy family.

My family are all watching TV. Our whole family is watching TV.

2. In the comparative form, pay attention to the case of the personal pronoun after than.

1) When the predicate verb in the sentence is an intransitive verb, there is usually no difference in meaning whether the pronoun after than uses the nominative case or the object case. Such as:

He runs faster than I / me. He runs faster than I / me.

They get to school earlier than we / us every day.

2) When the predicate verb in the sentence is a transitive verb, there is a difference in meaning whether the personal pronoun after than is in the nominative case or the object case. Try to compare:

I like you more than he. (=I like you more than he likes you.) I like you more than he.

I like you more than him. (=I like you more than I like him.) Compared with you and him, I like you more.

3. When the infinitive is used as an attributive, it should be placed after the word being modified. It generally refers to an action that has not yet occurred. Such as:

Do you have anything to say about this? Do you have anything to say about this?

4. In comparative sentence patterns, the predicate verb after than is often omitted. You can also use the corresponding auxiliary verb to replace the same predicate verb as before to avoid repetition. For example:

Tom does better at the lessons than I (do). Tom does better at the lessons than I (do).

She ate less than I (did) for breakfast.

5. You\'d better... is the abbreviation of You had better.... Had better is a fixed phrase, meaning "the best...", followed by the original form of the verb, and is often used to make suggestions or advice. Its negative form is "had better not + the original form of the verb". Such as:

You\'d better not stay there too long. You'd better not stay there too long.

We had fun playing computer games.

Sentence comparison have a good / nice / wonderful time doing sth. Have fun doing something

Did you have a good / nice / wonderful time visiting that country? Visit that country Are you happy?

Special reminder: fun in the sentence is an uncountable noun, expressing fun, and cannot be preceded by the indefinite article.

2. But I don\'t know what to do.

Sentence pattern introduction: Question word + infinitive can be used as subject, object or predicate.

I don\'t know how to get her help. I don't know how to get her help.

Where to buy this kind of seed is unknown to me. I don’t know where to buy this kind of seed.

My question is when to leave for Tokyo. My question is when to leave for Tokyo.

Sentence structure comparison: Question words + infinitives can be converted into subject clauses, object clauses and predicative clauses guided by conjunctions (original question words).

I don\'t know where we can find her. I don't know where we can find her.

How she will go there is still a secret. How she will go there is still a secret.

Her question is how she can pass the exam. Her question is how she can pass the exam.

Special reminder: When converting question words + infinitives into object clauses, use declarative word order.

3. This is... speaking.

Sentence pattern introduction This sentence is used to make phone calls and is used to introduce yourself. This represents me, speaking can be omitted.

Hello! This is Tom (speaking). Hello, I am Tom.

Sentence pattern comparison Who is that (speaking)? Who are you? That is used to ask who the other person is, speaking can be omitted. Is that... (speaking)? Are you...? That is also used to ask who the other person is, and speaking can be omitted.

This is Mary (speaking). Who is that (speaking)? I am Mary, who are you?

Is that Jane (speaking)? Are you Jane?

Special reminder that this cannot be replaced by I, and that cannot be replaced by you.

4. hear sb. / sth. doing

The introduction of the sentence pattern means "hearing someone/thing doing...", in the sentence doing is The present participle serves as an object complement, indicating that the action is ongoing and emphasizing a process.

Just then I heard someone crying \"Help! Help!\" Just then, I heard someone crying \"Help! Help!\"

Sentence pattern comparison hear sb. / sth. do sth. To hear someone/thing do something, do in the sentence is the infinitive of the verb without to as the object complement, indicating that the action has ended and emphasizing a result.

I heard him sing three songs. I heard him sing three songs.

hear sb. / sth. done Hear someone / something being..., done is the past participle of the verb as an object complement, emphasizing the passive.

Do you often hear this song sung by him? Do you often hear this song sung by him?

Special reminder: hear in these sentence patterns can be replaced by sensory verbs such as see, feel, and watch.

Key phrases for units 1-7 of the second grade of junior high school

Author: Wang Xuanling

1. Noun phrases

a waste of time ) time

field trip field trip

the day after tomorrow the day after tomorrow

Terra Cotta Warriors Terra Cotta Warriors

Thanksgiving Day

on Mid-autumn Day / Festival at the Mid-Autumn Festival

2. Verb phrases

go fishing Go fishing

go boating Go boating

go hiking

go on a picnic

trip over

hurry up hurry up

get home go home

get together get together

agree with...agree...opinion (idea); conform

ask for request; ask

come up approach; happen; come up; become popular

come over come over; seize

3. Introduction , adverb phrase

in the open air; in the wild

on time on time

at the front / back of in front / behind

in front of in front of...

in the country

in town

on the left /right side on the left/right

up and down; back and forth

IV. Other phrases

(not) ... any more No; not anymore...

all the same still; still

had better (do) best (do...)

Key sentence patterns for units 8-14 in eighth grade

Author: Hao Changming

1. I\'m sorry to hear that.

[Sentence Type introduction] This sentence is a response to an unfortunate event that has been heard, and the meaning is "It's a pity; I was very sad to hear that."

-I didn\'t pass the exam. I didn't pass the exam.

-I\'m sorry to hear that. What a pity.

-My grandfather died yesterday. My grandfather died yesterday.

-I\'m sorry to hear that.

[Knowledge Expansion] 1. I\'m glad to hear that. I'm glad to hear that.

-I have managed to buy a ticket for tonight\'s film. I have managed to buy a ticket for tonight\'s film.

-I\'m (very) glad to hear that. I'm so happy for you.

2. Congratulations. Congratulations.

-I\'ve just married a beautiful girl. I just married a beautiful girl.

-Congratulations. Congratulations.

2. be good for

[Sentence pattern introduction] It means "beneficial to...", for is followed by a noun.

Is swimming good for your health? Is swimming good for your health?

I think timely rain is good for the crops. I think timely rain is good for the crops.

[Knowledge Expansion] be good to be friendly to...; be good at be good at...

She is always good to me. She is always good to me. Always friendly.

She is good at singing popular songs.

3. ask sb. for sth.

[Sentence pattern introduction] It means "asking someone for something". The positions of sb. and sth. must not be reversed.

Can I ask you for help? can you help me?

To tell you the truth, when I have trouble, I always ask her for advice.

[Knowledge Expansion] ask for sth. Ask for something; ask for sb. Ask to see someone

Yesterday he asked me for money. Yesterday he asked me for money.

Did anybody ask for me during my absence? Did anyone look for me while I was away?

4. be born in

[Sentence pattern introduction] means "born in", followed by an adverbial of place or an adverbial of time.

He was born in a small town in 1995.

In which city was he born in 1988? In which city was he born in 1988?

[Knowledge Expansion] be born of...

It is said that he was born of a teacher\'s family. It is said that he was born of a teacher\'s family. family.

5. Good luck with sth.

[Sentence pattern introduction] Congratulations, with is followed by the noun of the thing.

Good luck with your exam.

Good luck with your journey.

[Knowledge Expansion] good luck to sb. Good luck to you.

Good luck to you.

6. get married to

[Sentence pattern introduction] It means "get married to...", emphasizing the action. If there is no object, to should be omitted. .

She got married to a foreigner last year. She got married to a foreigner last year.

Did she get married last year? Did she get married last year?

[Knowledge Expansion] be married to \"Married to...", emphasizing the status.

She was married to Li Ping.

It is worth noting that get married to is a terminal verb phrase and cannot be used with adverbials indicating a time period, but be married to can be used because it is a continuous verb phrase.

7. Would you like to...?

[Sentence pattern introduction] This sentence is used to make a request, meaning "Would you like to..." ", to is followed by the verb base form.

Would you like to give me some help? Would you like to provide me with some help?

Would you like to repair this bike for me? Will you fix this bike for me?

[Knowledge Expansion] Will / Would you please...? Please should be followed by the original form of the verb, which means "are you willing to...".

Will you please water these flowers? Could you please water these flowers?

Would you please give me some money? Give me some money, okay?

8. Thanks a lot for...

[Sentence pattern introduction] This sentence is a word of thanks, meaning "Thank you very much...", also It can be said as Thank you very much for..., for is a preposition, and can be followed by nouns, pronouns, and gerunds.

Thanks a lot for your kind help.

Thank you very much for coming to see me.

[Knowledge Expansion] be thankful to sb. for sth. Be grateful to someone for something

I\'m thankful to you for your kindness. Thank you for your kindness.

9. last from... to...

[Sentence pattern introduction] means "from... to..." ", both from and to should be followed by time nouns.

Our sports meeting will last from Friday to Sunday.

Their summer camp will last from October 1st to November 1st.