What are the characteristics of the development of farmhouse eco-tourism in China?

(1) Tourism market. Tourists are the lifeline of tourism. To develop tourism, a place must have a certain threshold population. The number of tourists determines the depth and breadth of tourism resources development. Limited by the distance, price, transportation and information, reception conditions and the popularity of tourist destinations, few foreign tourists participate in farmhouse eco-tourism. At present, the focus of the three types of travel agencies in China is to organize local residents to travel to other provinces, cities or other regions for medium and long distances. Only a few travel agencies set foot in this kind of tourism products, but most travel agencies lack credibility, only provide transportation and accommodation services, and lack publicity and promotion, which makes citizens lack sufficient understanding of weekend travel organized by travel agencies, leading to the tourism market being dominated by group tourists in domestic cities.

(2) consumption level. Generally speaking, when Engel's coefficient is lower than 40%, leisure tourism expenditure will increase greatly. After the 1990s, the proportion of China residents' expenditure on food in the cost of living was much higher than 40% (compared with 20% in developed countries), while the proportion of expenditure on entertainment, culture and education was about 10%, which reflected that the leisure tourism of urban residents in China was still dominated by low consumption level, while the products of farm eco-tourism were still dominated by primary sightseeing, so transportation, catering and education were the consumption components.

(3) Spatial distribution. By analyzing and comparing the formation process of farmhouse eco-tourism in different regions of China, the most influential factor is location, which is mainly distributed in the following three types of areas: First, the marginal areas of scenic spots mainly rely on supporting products developed by some famous scenic spots. Beginning in the early 1980s, this is the earliest area in China to develop farmhouse eco-tourism. It mainly provides catering accommodation for tourists, with low price and simple folk customs, and can be used as a supplement to hotels around the scenic spot during the tourist season. However, the shielding effect far from the urban tourism market and the original scenic spots develops slowly, and the number of tourists increases and decreases obviously with the off-season. Second, in the middle and late 1980s, under the guidance of the national tourism poverty alleviation policy, the old and poor border areas were mostly mountainous areas, with no traffic location advantages and underdeveloped industries, but no radiation or little radiation. Therefore, it still retains the almost primitive and beautiful natural environment, traditional farming culture and simple and perfect ethnic customs, which constitutes a tourist destination with distinctive characteristics and strong cultural and ecological colors. However, due to the backward transportation and regional economy, the development is slow. Thirdly, the suburbs, which developed rapidly from the end of 1980s to the beginning of 1990s, are the mainstream of the current farmhouse eco-tourism. The advantages of farmhouse eco-tourism in the suburbs of metropolis, represented by Shanghai and Beijing, directly face the stable and huge tourist market; The eco-tourism of suburban farmers in medium-sized cities, such as Chengdu and Kunming, has some modern scientific and technological landscapes and modern settlement landscapes, as well as some pastoral landscapes and rural settlement landscapes. The eco-tourism of farmers in the suburbs of small cities represented by Xuanwei and Mianyang is mostly pastoral scenery and rural settlement landscape.

(4) Temporal and spatial distribution. Under certain conditions, the total ability of tourists to travel is limited, and they can only visit a certain number of destinations in a certain range at a specific time and background. The tourism and leisure tourism market of urban residents in China declines with the increase of distance, and 80% of the tourism market is concentrated within 500 kilometers from the city. Affected by the spatial behavior characteristics of small and medium-sized tourists, urban radiation intensity and poor holiday conditions in suburban rural areas, tourists who participate in farmhouse eco-tourism generally take the urban permanent residence as the node and radiate to the surrounding areas to carry out short-distance suburban one-day or two-day tours.