Flying for the first time! Waiting for help steps ~ precautions? What should I do if I need to transfer? thank you

1. Arrive at the airport in advance and confirm the flight check-in counter;

2. Go through the formalities with your ID card;

3. Pass the security check with the boarding pass and ID card;

4. Find the boarding gate of your plane;

5. Wait for the boarding notice. Get on the plane; Fasten your seat belt and wait for takeoff and disembarkation to pick up your luggage;

6. If the connecting flight is a domestic flight, the same airline will give you two boarding passes when you check your luggage at the beginning. You don't need to mention your luggage halfway, just pick it up at the final destination.

Extended information:

Most aircraft consist of five main parts: wing, fuselage, tail, landing gear and power unit.

aircraft structure

The main function of the wing is to provide lift for the aircraft, to support the aircraft to fly in the air, and also play a certain role in stability and control. Ailerons and flaps are generally installed on the wings. Control aileron can make the plane roll; Lowering the flap can increase the lift coefficient of the wing. In addition, the wing can also be equipped with an engine, landing gear and fuel tank. Wings come in various shapes and in different numbers. In the early days of underdeveloped aviation technology, in order to provide greater lift, biplane or even multi-wing aircraft were the main aircraft, but modern aircraft are generally monoplane.

In the process of wing design, one of the contradictions often mentioned is the stability and operability of the aircraft. A monoplane is like a plastic bag lifted, which is very stable, but its operability is a little worse. Getting off a monoplane is like a vase held up, which is flexible in operation, but slightly less stable.

however, considering the shielding effect of wings on engine noise and easy maintenance, large civil airliners generally adopt the design of lower wing and the installation of upper dihedral angle to improve maneuverability.

The main function of the fuselage is to carry passengers, passengers, weapons, goods and various equipment; Other parts of the aircraft, such as tail wing and engine, can also be connected into a whole. But the flying wing hides the fuselage in the wing.

detailed structure

the tail includes a horizontal tail (flat tail) and a vertical tail (vertical tail). The horizontal tail consists of a fixed horizontal stabilizer and a movable elevator (the entire horizontal tail of some types of civil aircraft and military aircraft is a movable control surface without a special elevator). The vertical tail consists of a fixed vertical stabilizer and a movable rudder. The tail wing (Swedish AJ-37 and JAS39 are the first wing) is mainly used to control the pitch and deflection of the aircraft and ensure that the aircraft can fly smoothly.

Landing gear, also known as landing gear, is used to support the aircraft and enable it to land and park on the ground and other horizontal planes. The landing gear of land aircraft is generally composed of shock-absorbing struts and wheels. In addition, there are landing gear with pontoon device and sled landing gear for taking off in snow. It is used to support aircraft during takeoff and landing taxiing, ground taxiing and parking.

the general aircraft landing gear has three support points, which are often divided into front delta landing gear and rear delta landing gear according to their arrangement. Among them, the front delta landing gear refers to the landing gear form with one support point in front and two support points in the back. The aircraft using this kind of landing gear often has a small elevation angle when it is stationary, and it can reach a high speed soon when it takes off. In an instant, the wind speed difference between the two sides of the wing reaches a critical level, and the aircraft can take off after it gets enough lift. The rear triangle landing gear is in the form of two front support points and one rear support point. When the plane reaches a certain speed on the runway, the wind speed difference between the two sides of the wing can reach a critical point. At this time, the rear landing gear will be lifted, and the pilot will continue to push the throttle lever and pull the operating lever backwards to control the balance of the plane. When the speed reaches a certain value, the plane can take off.

the power plant is mainly used to generate pulling force or pushing force to make the aircraft move forward. Secondly, it can also provide electricity for electrical equipment on the plane and gas source for air conditioning equipment and other gas equipment.

The power plant of modern aircraft mainly includes turbine engine and piston engine. There are four widely used power plants: aviation piston engine plus propeller propeller; Turbojet engine; Turboprop engine; Turbofan engine. With the development of aviation technology, rocket engines, ramjet engines and atomic aero-engines may be gradually adopted. In addition to the engine, the power plant also includes a series of systems to ensure the normal operation of the engine, such as fuel supply system.

when it comes to the power plant of an airplane, we have to talk about the thrust-to-weight ratio of the airplane. The thrust-to-weight ratio is the ratio of the thrust of the aircraft to the gravity that the aircraft receives. The thrust of the general civil aircraft is less than the gravity of the aircraft, because every increase in the thrust of KN will increase the manufacturing cost of the aircraft. When the thrust of the plane is greater than the gravity of the plane, the plane can climb at high speed or even vertically. Many planes that need high maneuverability, such as fighter planes, have great thrust and small gravity.

in addition, under the requirement of equal gravity, the greater the thrust of the aircraft, the smaller the wing area, the smaller the cruise resistance of the aircraft, the faster the speed and the longer the taxi distance. or vice versa, Dallas to the auditorium

in addition to the above five main parts, the aircraft is also equipped with various instruments, communication equipment, pilot equipment, safety equipment and other equipment.

others, such as canard structure, are composed of the rear main wing and the canard which can be understood as the front horizontal tail. That is to say, the canard is used to control the elevation of the aircraft, and the position of the horizontal tail is the main wing of the canard structure to control the rolling of the aircraft.

Tailless structure, the tailless aircraft that benefits from the vector thrust engine has only one main wing that is mostly triangular, and there is no horizontal tail and canard to control the elevation angle. The elevation angle of aircraft is controlled by the direction change of engine thrust vector.

an airplane with three wings and a main wing, a horizontal tail wing and a canard wing. And the operation performance is higher.

double vertical tail structure, which is a multi-purpose structure of fighter, can make the plane turn without rolling when stepping on the rudder.

The flight control devices available to pilots in the cockpit of modern aircraft usually include:

Main control devices: steering column or steering wheel, rudder pedal, throttle lever and valve lever. In some aircraft with fly-by-wire control system, the steering column or steering wheel has been simplified to a joystick located on the driver's side.

auxiliary control devices: flap handle, trim button and speed brake handle.

The plane leaving the airport within eight hours

With the development of electronic technology, the form of flight control device has also undergone fundamental changes. In large aircraft, the traditional mechanical control system has been gradually replaced by the more advanced fly-by-wire control system, and the computer system is fully involved in the flight control system, so the pilot's operation is no longer like direct control of the aircraft. Because some aircraft with fly-by-wire control system have changed from the original steering column or steering wheel to the side column control, the cockpit space is more relaxed than before, so some pilots call this kind of cockpit "flight office". The discovery and utilization of atomic energy has opened up a new way for aircraft power. In 1946, the Applied Physics Laboratory of Johns Hopkins University analyzed the feasibility and potential problems of nuclear-powered aircraft. At that time, the biggest problem was the lack of data on radiation protection materials. Other problems included radioactive materials leaked by aircraft during operation or accidents, how to protect crew and ground personnel, and the choice of test flight site and scope. Aircraft will release radioactive materials into the atmosphere during flight, and the aircraft itself will produce direct radiation. For this reason, the operating requirements of nuclear-powered aircraft are formulated: in the most unfavorable situation, nuclear-powered aircraft can not discharge radioactive substances into the atmosphere, and all harmful radiation of the aircraft must be confined inside the aircraft or in a pre-designated restricted area.

in p>1946, the research on nuclear-powered aircraft eventually evolved into a long-term nuclear propulsion (NEPA) plan for aircraft. The NEPA program began in May of that year and was hosted by the US Air Force, so the research direction was nuclear-powered long-range strategic bombers and high-performance aircraft. Because nuclear energy has the dual characteristics of durability and high temperature, it is feasible to use a reactor in theory. However, Lockheed Aircraft Company put forward in its report in 1957 that "strategic bombers will become the first candidate for nuclear power because of their high speed and high endurance, as well as their potential low-altitude performance advantages compared with similar chemical energy aircraft.

Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-Aircraft