Geography of Chongming Island

Chongming Island is divided into two administrative regions, which belong to Nantong City, Jiangsu Province (later to Qidong and Haimen County) and Chongming County, Shanghai. But Qidong and Haimen are very small, so most people mistakenly think that the whole island belongs to Chongming County, which is wrong.

Chongming county (see this entry for details) governs 13 town and 3 townships. Chengqiao Town, where the county government is located, is the political, economic and cultural center of the county. At the end of 2006, the registered population of the county was 699,800, a decrease of 1.408 compared with the previous year, and the floating population was 1. 1.00 million, with a birth rate of 5.93‰, a mortality rate of 8.33‰ and a natural growth rate of -2.4‰. Ethnic groups are mainly Han, and there are other ethnic minorities such as Mongolian, Hui, Manchu, Zhuang, Bai, Yi, Korean, Uygur, Buyi, Hani, Tujia and Tibetan. According to textual research, about 1 0,000 years ago, the Yangtze River estuary was in Yangzhou and Zhenjiang. At that time, Kumensha Island was just two small sandbanks in the river, called Dongsha and Xisha, with a small area of about tens of square kilometers. At the beginning of 696 AD (the first year of Long Live the Tang Dynasty), people began to live on the island. The ancestors of the island moved in from nearby Danyang and Jurong in Jiangsu Province to make a living by fishing. In the first year of Shenlong in the Tang Dynasty (705), Chongming Town was established in Xisha, named Chongming ("Chong" is high, "Ming" is wide, and "Chongming" refers to a flat and broad plain above the water). Perhaps this is the earliest appearance of the word "Chongming". Since then, Chongming Island has been going down the river, rising and falling. In the Song Dynasty, Yao quicksand was exposed in the northwest of Xisha, and three sands were accumulated in the northeast, while the original Dongsha and Xisha were gradually eroded by collapse. Next, the fate of Sansha, like Dongsha and Xisha, was gradually washed away, and the old one was replaced by the new one, under which sandbars such as Majiabang, Pingyangsha and Changsha were formed, among which Changsha was the predecessor of Chongming Island.

In the long river of history, many sand islands were tilted to the north or washed away in turn, but Chongming Island is at its peak today. Chongming Island is also unstable, even its county has moved again and again. In the 11th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1583), Chongming County had moved five times. During Guangxu period of Qing dynasty (1875~ 1908), the south bank of Changsha silted up rapidly. Later, the local people built stone ponds and dams, which stopped the siltation and kept the county town stable.

Chongming people have a glorious revolutionary tradition. In the Ming Dynasty's anti-Japanese struggle, Chongming's "sand soldiers" were famous for their bravery. 192 1 autumn, farmers rioted in Xisha and Chongming. Mao Zedong introduced this feat in Guide Weekly, the central organ newspaper of China at that time. 1in September, 926, Lu Tieqiang and Yu Fucai, special commissioners of Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provincial Committees, returned to Chongchong and established an earlier rural grass-roots party organization in China. During the long years of revolutionary struggle, many sons and daughters of Chongming gave their precious lives for the revolutionary cause of the people of China. The origin of "Chongming Island" comes from a legend. At the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, after the failure of the peasant uprising in Sun En, several rows of bamboo rafts of the rebel army drifted to the Yangtze River estuary near the East China Sea and ran aground in the sediment on the riverside. These bamboo rafts stopped the sediment brought by the rolling Yangtze River and gradually formed a sand mouth. This sand mouth has not been completely exposed to the river. With the rise and fall of the river and the tide, it is hidden from time to time, giving people a mysterious feeling. People say that it is both like a monster and a fairy, both "sneaky" and "aboveboard", so it is named "sneaky".

Later, the sand in the sand mouth accumulated more and more, became tall and big, completely exposed to the water, and formed an island, which was no longer affected by the fluctuation of water. People see its spectacular momentum, no longer regard it as weird, and have a sense of reverence. So people changed "Chongming" to "Chongming". Chongming Island is clean and windy, and there are natural scenery without artificial axes everywhere. As early as the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were eight scenic spots in Yingzhou, such as "Jin Ao Mirror Shadow", "Jibei Li Anyun" and "Yuyu Machine Sound". Today, Chongming Island has more beautiful scenery. More than 200 kilometers of tree-lined levee around the island, like a green dragon, lies across the Yangtze River estuary. Climb the eastern end of the levee in the morning and enjoy the sunrise in the East China Sea, without reducing the wonders of Taidai; In the evening, standing on the west side of the levee, enjoying the sunset of the long river and listening to the songs at dusk, is refreshing. There are many historical sites and cultural landscapes on the island. There is Yingzhou Park facing the vast river; Lianyuan in Chengqiao Town in various forms; There are Jin 'ao Mountain, Shou 'an Temple, Confucius Temple, Tang Yicen's Tomb, Tan Ming, and the ancient battlefields where Zheng Chenggong fought bloody battles. Dongping Forest Farm, the largest plantation in East China, covers an area of more than 5,400 mu. Due to the strengthening of the construction of various tourist attractions, there are an endless stream of tourists at home and abroad, with nearly one million tourists from 65438 to 0997. Chongming county government has put forward a master plan for tourism development in the next five years to further develop the island's tourism resources. Including speeding up the improvement of Dongping National Forest Park Resort in Central China; Central South Cultural Tourism Zone; Western Green China Water Leisure Resort; Yingzhou Paradise Tourist Area in the East China Sea will gradually become a distinctive leisure tourist resort in Shanghai, and eventually become one of the few national tourist resorts in China and even Southeast Asia. Chongming Island is the region with the greatest development space and potential and the lowest investment cost in Shanghai. Chongming, as the third step of Shanghai's three-step economic development strategy, will open the curtain of large-scale development and opening up in the 2 1 century. It is planned that by 2020, Chongming will become the most open green food development park, national tourist resort and international financial and trade zone in China. In an instant, Chongming Island will become the most prosperous island in the Far East.

Chongming Island is flat, with mountains and rivers like fields in the south of the Yangtze River. People who have just arrived in Chongming Island don't even feel that they are on the island. Patches of green crops, irrigation canals, dense villages and criss-crossing roads do not have the sense of desolation of an ordinary island.

But as an island, Chongming Island certainly has some unique resources and landscapes. Generally, there are three special sights: First, there are many crabs. On Chongming Island, especially on the mudflat near the sea, there are small crabs everywhere, and almost the whole beach is dark. Tourists walked on the beach, and crabs were frightened and fled into the powder-free holes on the beach. Amazing speed! It can be said that even if you bend down to pick them up at the fastest speed, it is difficult to touch them. Of course, it is not an exaggeration to describe the crab caves all over the beach with "riddled with holes". Therefore, Chongming Island is also called "Crab Island". Coupled with Chongming dialect, the word "what" is also pronounced as "crab", which sounds quite unique. Especially when local fishermen treat you with native crabs, you should politely say, "Nothing ("crab crab "), have some crabs!" It's interesting to sink at first, even if you look back later, you will feel where this experience can be found!

The second major feature of Chongming Island is the reeds on the beach, which is called "the Great Green Wall around the island". Because reeds are suitable for beach growth and grow very vigorously, we have seen reeds with a width of several kilometers on the north shore of Chongming Island and the Tuanjiesha area along the southeast coast. Walking in it, it seems endless, perhaps the scale of reeds in Shajiabang is just so. The original use of reed can not only protect the bank and promote siltation, but also be used as raw material for paper making.

The third feature is that the shape of the island is changeable and always in the process of rapid evolution. Unlike the bedrock island, which has remained relatively stable for thousands of years, Chongming Island has been evolving from beginning to end. Projects such as blocking the northern branch are still being planned. It seems that the day when China, the third largest island, evolved into the land on the north bank of the estuary, came earlier than expected.

Chongming Island also has a beautiful ancient name: "Yingzhou in the East China Sea". According to legend, in the ancient East China Sea, there was a place called Yingzhou, where immortals lived, but this fairy island has not been stabilized and has been erratic. Qin Shihuang and Han Wudi sent people to the East China Sea to look around, but they didn't find it. Later, Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang of the Ming Dynasty gave Chongming Island the word "Yingzhou in the East China Sea". Since then, Chongming Island has gained the reputation of ancient Yingzhou. Created by Liu Hongping.