What are the eight European countries?

The whole itinerary includes visits to France, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Italy, Switzerland and the Vatican. This tour process takes more than half a month, and the cultural exchange of humanities and natural attractions and food is worth cherishing and remembering every day that attracts you! !

1, France

French Republic (French: republicue Fran? Aise (English: the French Republic), referred to as France, is a capitalist country with a presidential political system. The mainland is located in western Europe, and its overseas territories include parts of South America and the South Pacific.

France is the third largest country in Europe and the largest country in Western Europe, bordering Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Germany, Italy, Spain, Andorra and Monaco. The terrain of France is high in the southeast and low in the northwest, which is roughly hexagonal. It is surrounded by water on three sides, the Mediterranean Sea in the south, the Atlantic Ocean in the west and Britain across the English Channel in the northwest. Corsica is the largest island in France.

From18th century to the beginning of 20th century, France was the second largest country in the world after Britain. Today, France is one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, a founding member of the European Union and NATO, a member of the Group of Eight and the Schengen Convention, and one of the major economic and political entities on the European continent.

2. Germany

The Federal Republic of Germany (hereinafter referred to as Germany) is the federal parliament in central Europe, consisting of 16 federal states, with Berlin as its capital. Its territory area is 357 167 square kilometers, its climate is mild, and its population is about 807 10000, making it the most populous country in the EU.

The ancestors of Germany were Germanic people who lived in Central Europe in ancient times. /kloc-in the 0/0 century, the Germans established the Holy Roman Empire and then split. 187 1 year, Prussia unified the German states and established the German Empire. It participated in two world wars and was defeated. 1945 is split into two parts. 1990101On October 3rd, the German Democratic Republic officially joined the Federal Republic of Germany, and the two countries were unified. Germany is one of the largest economies in Europe and an important member of the European Union, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the Schengen Convention, the Group of Eight, the United Nations and other international organizations.

Germany has a perfect social security system and a high standard of living for its citizens. It is very developed in basic and applied research, science and technology. German universities and developed vocational education, which are famous for their science and technology, support the German economy. Since modern times, Germany has also produced a large number of great scientists, thinkers and philosophers who have changed the world.

3. Netherlands

The Netherlands, also known as the Kingdom of the Netherlands, is located in the northwest of Europe and is the starting point of the famous Eurasian Continental Bridge in Europe. Holland is a world-famous "low-lying country". The total land area is 465,438+0,864 square kilometers, bordering Germany and Belgium. As a member of the European Union, it is also a member of international organizations such as NATO, the United Nations and the World Trade Organization.

In 20 14, there were 12 provinces and 443 towns in the Netherlands. In 20 13, the population is 16803700(20 13) and the population density is 407.5 persons /km2. The capital of the Netherlands is located in Amsterdam, but its central government, the king's residence, all government agencies and foreign embassies, the Supreme Court and many organizations are in The Hague.

The Netherlands is famous for its seawalls, windmills, tulips and tolerant social atmosphere, and its laws on drugs, sex trade and abortion are the freest in the world. The Netherlands is the first country in the world to legalize same-sex marriage and euthanasia.

4. Belgium

The Kingdom of Belgium, referred to as Belgium for short, is located on the west coast of Europe, bordering Germany in the east, the Netherlands in the north, France in the south, Luxembourg in the southeast and Britain across the sea in the west. The coastline is 66.5 kilometers long. Two-thirds of the country is hilly and flat lowlands, and the whole territory is divided into three parts: Flanders Plain on the northwest coast, hills in the middle and Ardennes Plateau in the southeast. The highest point is 694 meters above sea level, and the main rivers are Mas River and Eskau River.

Belgium is at the crossroads of Europe both geographically and culturally. Known as "the crossroads of Western Europe". Although the land area is small, there are various tourist attractions all over the country. Brussels, the capital, not only has the world-famous ancient battlefield of Waterloo, but also is home to many international institutions. Belgium has a maritime temperate broad-leaved forest climate with four distinct seasons. Travel time is better in spring and autumn.

Belgium is a highly developed capitalist country and one of the industrialized countries in the world. The economy is highly dependent on foreign countries, and foreign trade is the lifeblood of the Belgian economy. It is one of the top ten importers and exporters of bulk commodities in the world, and about two-thirds of the country's GDP comes from exports. The densely populated Belgium is one of the most developed industrial areas in the world, and it is one of the earliest countries in the European continent to carry out industrial revolution in the early19th century. Belgium has perfect infrastructure such as ports, canals, railways and highways, which creates conditions for closer economic integration with its neighbors.

Belgium is a member of the European Union and a founding member of the Euro. It is also a member of NATO, the United Nations, the World Trade Organization and other international organizations.

5. Luxembourg

Luxembourg is located in the northwest of Europe, surrounded by neighboring countries, such as France, Germany and Belgium. It is a small landlocked country, the size of which is equivalent to a county in China. It is also the only remaining grand duchy in continental Europe today, the capital Luxembourg. Luxembourg is a member of the European Union. Because of its narrow territory and numerous castles, it is also called "pocket kingdom" and "country of thousands of castles".

Because of its changeable terrain, it is located in the main road of Germany and France in history, and the terrain is dangerous. It has always been an important military fortress in western Europe and has the title of Gibraltar in the north.

Luxembourg used to be an industrial country. It is also the most important private banking center in the euro zone and the second largest investment trust center in the world after the United States. Finance, radio and television, and steel are its three pillar industries.

Luxembourg has a low unemployment rate and a life expectancy of 80 years.

6. Italy

Italy, full name Italy and China, is a European country, which is mainly composed of the Apennine Peninsula in southern Europe and two islands in the Mediterranean, Sicily and Sardinia. The land area is 30 1333 square kilometers and the population is 60.02 million.

Italy was called "Ionia", "Pelja" and "Victoria" in ancient times, and later it was called "Italy" because of language changes, which means "a paradise where calves grow". Italy is a founding member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the European Union, and also a member of important international organizations such as the G-8, G-20, the four major European economies, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the World Trade Organization and the European Parliament.

As the cradle of European culture, Italy once gave birth to Roman culture and Eta Lasquin civilization. At present, Italy has 48 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, which is the country with the largest number of World Heritage Sites in the world.

7. Switzerland

Switzerland, the full name of Swiss Confederation (German: schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft), is one of the countries in Central Europe and is divided into 26 states. Switzerland borders Germany in the north, France in the west, Italy in the south and Austria and Liechtenstein in the east. The whole territory is dominated by plateaus and mountains, and it is known as the "roof of Europe".

Switzerland is a member of Central Europe, bordering Germany, France, Italy, Austria and Liechtenstein.

Switzerland is rich in tourism resources and has the reputation of a world park. Bern, where the federal government is located, has a long history of armed neutrality and has never been involved in international wars since 18 15. Switzerland also participates in international affairs, and many international organizations have their headquarters in Switzerland.

Switzerland is a highly developed country, and its per capita economy has always been in the forefront of the world. 20 10 per capita income ranks fourth in the world and third in Europe, next only to Luxembourg and Norway. Switzerland is one of the most stable economies in the world. Its long-term policy, safe financial system and bank secrecy system make Switzerland a safe haven for tax-exempt investors. Switzerland is one of the richest countries in the world and has the highest per capita income in the world. Due to the developed financial industry, the service industry is also playing an increasingly important role in the Swiss economy.

8. Vatican

Vatican city state (Latin: Status Civitatis Vaticanae；; Italian: Stato della Città del Vaticano), referred to as Vatican or Vatican City, is an independent sovereign country. Because it is bordered by Italy on all sides, it is called "China". It is also the center of Catholicism in the world-the seat of the Holy See headed by the Pope. Vatican is an inland city-state (China), located in the highland of the northwest corner of the Italian capital Rome. It is the seat of the Holy See, the highest authority of the Catholic Church and the residence of the Pope. In short, Vatican City is the capital of the Vatican, that is, the country, hence the name "city-state". As the belief center of one sixth of the world's population, the Vatican is also one of the countries with the smallest territory and population in the world. Its predecessor was the papal state. Since 1929, it has been determined as a sovereign state by Rutland Treaty, accepting the direct rule of the Holy See and implementing a political system of integrating politics and religion.

Since most of the administrative organs of the Holy See are located in the Vatican City, when people use this word, it may refer to the Vatican city-state, the Vatican region, the Vatican or the Pope's residence, depending on the occasion. Although the Vatican has not promulgated any laws on the official language, Italian is the most commonly used language. Before 2002, the Vatican often used the Italian lira and the Vatican lira as the common currency in its territory. After Italy joined the euro zone, the Vatican signed a special agreement with the European Union to issue a small number of coins minted by the Vatican for circulation and collection. Although the Vatican is a small country geographically, because of its large population in the world, Catholicism has the same important influence in the political and cultural fields as the United States, China and Russia.