Seeking sentence-by-sentence translation and detailed explanation of allusions in preface to Wang Teng-ting

The old county of Zhang Yu in Han Dynasty is now called Hongdufu. It is located in the area under the jurisdiction of Yonghe Xi, bordering Lushan and Hengshan. Three rivers are connected, surrounded by five lakes, controlling Chu and connecting Ouyue. The essence of things here is the treasure of the sky, and the phosgene of the sword is directly between the cow and the barrel; People have a hero, because the earth is full of spirit. Xu Ruzi actually lives in the home of Chen Fan, the satrap. (According to Shi Shuo Xin Yu, Chen Fan, the satrap, appreciated Xu Ruzi very much and specially set up a couch for him at home. Put down the sofa when Xu Ruzi comes, and hang up the sofa when Xu Ruzi leaves. Here, I want to praise the host of Teng Wangge for appreciating talents and praising the guests. ). Magnificent cities are surging like fog, and handsome people are flying like meteors. The city is located at the junction of Jingchu and Huaxia, and the guests and hosts at the banquet are southeast heroes. Yan Rugong, who has a long reputation, came from afar with etiquette. Yuwen Xinzhou is a secretariat with beautiful virtue, and (Jean) is also a temporary residence for horses and chariots. Just in time for the 10 holiday, there are so many talented friends; Welcome guests thousands of miles away, and distinguished friends are full of banquets. The wording of the article is like a dragon and a phoenix dance, which is the originator of literary words. The swords of Zidian and Dengjun are from the armory of General Wang. My father is a county magistrate. I visited my father and passed this famous place. I am a child who knows nothing, but I am lucky enough to meet such a grand banquet in person.

The time is September and the season is late autumn. The accumulated rain has been exhausted, the pool water is cold and clear, the smoke is condensed, and the mountain is purple in the evening. Driving in a luxurious carriage on the high road, watching the scenery in the mountains. I came to Cheung Chau, which was built by Wang Teng, and saw the pavilions and pavilions he built that year. The peaks and peaks are green, reaching nine; Standing on the pavilion road in the air, scarlet paint is bright and dripping. Looking down from a height, the ground seems to be gone. The waterside flats where cranes and wild ducks live and the small continents in the water make the island zigzag. The palace built by osmanthus trees and Mulan rises and falls with the mountain.

Open the exquisite pavilion door and overlook the carved roof and the vast mountains and rivers. The circuitous rivers and lakes are breathtaking. Houses are everywhere, and people are ringing bells to eat; There are boats everywhere on the ferry, all decorated with the heads of green finches and yellow dragons. The clouds are clear, the sun is shining and the sky is clear. The sunset flies with the lonely wild ducks, and the river in autumn is the same color as the vast sky. The fishing boat came back singing at dusk, and the song resounded throughout Poyang Lake. The geese lined up were disturbed by the cold, and their cries disappeared by the water in Hengyang.

The distant mind suddenly relaxes, and the elegant interest arises spontaneously. The flute is crisp, attracting a breeze; The slender song seems to be stuck, preventing the white clouds from fluttering. Today's banquet is very similar to the bamboo grove party in Suiyuan. The infatuation of poets and scribes here overwhelmed Tao Yuanming. There is also Cao Zhi's talent of singing lotus flowers in Shui Ye, and his literary talent can be directed at Xie Lingyun, a poet in the Southern Dynasties. Beauty, beauty, pleasure and pleasure are all four beauties, but there are few sages and distinguished guests. Look into the air in your spare time and have fun. The sky is far away, I feel the infinity of the universe; When my interest is exhausted, sadness will follow, and I realize that there is a destiny for the rise and fall of things. Looking at Chang 'an in the sunset and the five mountains in the sea of clouds. The terrain is remote and the South China Sea is unfathomable; Tianzhu towering, Polaris hanging high in the distance. It is difficult to cross the border. Who will pity the lost man? Everyone here, like duckweed, is a stranger in a foreign land. I miss the palace, but I can't see it. What year was waiting to be summoned in the publicity room?

Alas! Fate is not smooth, and the road is more difficult and dangerous. Feng Tang is easy to get old, but Li Guang is difficult to seal Hou. Jia Yi was demoted to Changsha, not without a wise monarch. Isn't it in an era of political prosperity to let Hongliang live in seclusion by the sea? What can be relied on is that a gentleman perceives the subtle signs of things, and a wise man understands the laws of social personnel. You should be more ambitious when you are old. How to change your mind when you are white-haired? The situation is difficult but stronger, and I don't give up my ambition. I still feel refreshed after drinking the water from the greedy spring; In a dull state, you can still be optimistic and cheerful. Although the North Sea is far away, the cyclone can still reach it. Although the time of youth has passed, it is not too late to cherish the future years. Meng has noble conduct, but has the enthusiasm to serve the country; How can you learn from Ruan Ji and come back crying when you are desperate?

I am a scholar of low status. There is no chance to serve the country, although it is the same age as the final army; Like Ban Chao, he has the mind to join the army and admires Zong Yi's willingness to "ride the wind and waves". I would rather give up my life's fame and fortune and go thousands of miles away to serve my father sooner or later. I dare not say that I am a talent like Xie Xuan, but I have met celebrities. In a few days, when you go to your father for instruction, you must be as polite and responsive as Kong Li. Today, I rolled up my sleeves and bowed to Gong Yan. I'm glad to be on the Longmen. If Sima Xiangru didn't meet Yang Deyi, he had to clap his hands and sigh; Today, I met a bosom friend like Zhong Ziqi. What's shameful about playing a song of mountains and rivers?

Alas! Places of interest can't last forever, and it's hard to meet again. Lanting has gone, and Jingu Garden is in ruins. Write a few words as a souvenir when leaving, and I was fortunate enough to accept your great kindness to attend this banquet; Climbing to the top of the mountain is a tribute, so it's up to everyone present. I took the liberty to write this little preface respectfully with all my humble heart, and one of my four-rhyme poems has been written. Please show your literary talent like Pan Yue and Lu Ji, like a river.

To annotate ...

[1] Zhang Yu: Wang Teng Pavilion is located in Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province. Nanchang was then ruled by Zhang Yu County of Han Dynasty. After Tang Daizong took office, in order to avoid the name of Tang Daizong (Li Yu), "Zhang Yu Old County" was changed to "Nanchang Old County". So now Wang Tengting's stone tablet and Su Shi's calligraphy are both called "Nanchang Old County".

Where is the emperor in this pavilion? [2] Hongdu: Zhang Yu County in the Han Dynasty, Tang Dynasty changed to Hongzhou, with a viceroy.

[3] Star wing: The ancients used to correspond the stars in the sky with the areas on the ground, which is called "the division of a certain star and a certain place". According to Tian Wenzhi in the Book of Jin, Zhang Yu belongs to Wudi, while Yangzhou and wuyue are the dividing lines between two stars, which are adjacent to each other. The names of wings, birds and stars belong to twenty-eight nights.

[4]: Heng, a native of Hengshan, now refers to Hengzhou (now Hengyang City, Hunan Province). Lu, a native of Lushan Mountain, now refers to Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province).

[5] Jin Sanjiang: generally refers to the rivers in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Single lap: Take ... as lapel. Five lakes: the general name of the five southern lakes. Belt: To wear ... as a belt.

[6] Man Jing: Ancient Chu land, today's two lakes area. Ou Yue: Ancient Yue land, that is, today's Zhejiang area. The capital of the ancient Dongyue King was established in Dongou (now Yongjia County, Zhejiang Province).

[7] The treasure of things and flowers ...: According to "Biography of Zhang Hua in the Book of Jin", there was often purple gas irradiation between cattle and sinus in the early Jin Dynasty, which was said to be the essence of sword and penetrated the sky. Zhang Hua ordered people to look for it. Sure enough, Longquan and Taiyajian were dug up in the underground of Fengcheng (now Fengcheng County, Jiangxi Province, formerly Zhang Yu County). After that, the two swords entered the water and turned into Ssangyong.

[8] Xu Ru ...: According to "The History of the Later Han Dynasty and the Biography of Xu Zhi", Chen Fan, a famous scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was a satrap and did not accept guests. However, when Xu Zhi visited, he set up a couch. When Xu Zhi went, he hung it up again. Xu Ru, the provincial name of Xu Ruzi. Xu Ruzi, a native of Nanchang, Zhang Yu in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was a hermit.

[9] Cai Jun: refers to talent.

Viceroy: An official in charge of supervising the military affairs of each state. In the Tang dynasty, it was divided into upper, middle and lower classes. Gong Yan: The name is unknown. Baiji: a wooden halberd covered with crimson black belt used by ancient officials when traveling. Here stands for etiquette.

[1 1] Yuwen Xinzhou: secretariat of Xinzhou (now Guangdong), surnamed Yuwen, unknown. Curtain: the curtain on the car, here refers to the horses and chariots.

[12] Ten-day holiday: Tang system, ten days is ten days, and officials have ten days off, which is called "ten-day holiday".

[13] Teng Jiao Qifeng: Miscellanies of Xijing: Dong Zhongshu dreamed that there was a dragon in his arms and wrote a book in the Spring and Autumn Period. Then he said, "Yang Xiong wrote the Xuanjing, and dreamed that he vomited on the Xuanjing and died in an instant." Meng: The name is unknown.

[14] Sub-Code Double Clear: Notes on Ancient and Modern Times: "Emperor Wu (Sun Quan) has six swords, and the second one is Sub-Code." Miscellanies of Xijing: "When Gao Zu (Liu Bang) chopped the white snake sword, the blade often brought frost and snow." General Wang: The name is unknown.

[15] Sanqiu: The ancients called July, August and September Qiu Meng, Mid-Autumn Festival and Qiu Ji, and Sanqiu was Qiu Ji and September.

[16] Di Zi and Tianren: both refer to Wang Teng Li Yuanying.

Yan Lu: Inner door, which means house here. Zhong Ming Shi Ding: In ancient times, nobles rang the death knell and then began to eat.

[18] Ge: "Dialect": "Whoever has a big ship in the south of Chu River in Hunan is called Ge." Green finch Huanglong: the decorative modeling of the ship. Axis: it passes through "zhú" and is on the rudder at the stern, indicating that the ship is here.

[19] color: daylight. Car: Go through.

[20] Peng Li: Gu Daze, today's Poyang Lake.

[2 1] Hengyang: It belongs to Hunan, with Yan Hui Peak in its territory. It is said that autumn geese will stop flying south here and come back in spring.

[22] Fu: Just, suddenly.

[23] Shuanglai: a flute that is not well managed.

[24] White cloud suppression: It describes a beautiful voice and can stay in the clouds. Liezi Tang Wen: "Xue Tan studied Qin Qing, but he didn't know what to do. He called himself exhausted and resigned. Qin Qing stopped in the suburbs. Sad songs, vibrating trees, are very embarrassing. "

[25] Suiyuan Bamboo: Suiyuan, namely Liang Xiaowang Tuyuan. Notes on Water Classics: "Suishui flows southeast again, and the bamboo garden has a record ... The world says that the bamboo garden is also the King of Liang."

[26] Peng Ze: County name, in the east of Hukou County, Jiangxi Province. Tao Yuanming was once the county magistrate of Pengze, who was called Tao Pengze in the world. Bottle: A container for wine. There is a sentence "There is a bottle of wine" in Tao Yuanming's Xi Ci.

[27] Shui Ye: On a summer night (now Linzhang County, Hebei Province). Summer night is the place where Cao Wei rose. Zhu Hua: Lotus. Cao Zhigong's banquet poem: "Qiu Lan is a long-term guest, and Zhu Hua takes Qingchi."

[28] Lighting ...: Linchuan, county name, located in Fuzhou City, Jiangxi Province today. Linchuan is Xie Lingyun. He used to be Linchuan's literature and history, and Song Shu called him "the beauty of the article, which Jiang Zuo could not understand".

[29] Four beauties: refers to the time, place and people. Two difficulties: there are few sages and guests. On the other hand, there are four beauties: music, food, articles and words. Liu Kun's Answering Poems: The sound is appreciated, the taste is extraordinary, the writing is clear, and the words are fluent. The four beauties of a child's journey are not up to standard. Two difficulties: Xie Lingyun's Preface to the Poems of the Prince Zhong: The world is beautiful, beautiful, enjoyable and enjoyable, and the four are difficult to combine. Wang Bo said that "the dilemma can be combined" and used Xie Wen flexibly. Its beauty and beauty are the conditions of the right time, the right place and the right people, and they are classified into one category; Being pleasing to the eye is a human condition and belongs to one category.

[30] See Chang 'an ...: "Shi Shuo Xin Yu Su Yu Hui": "How old is Jin Mingdi, sitting on Yuan Di's lap? When someone came from Chang 'an, Yuan Di asked Ming Di, "What do you mean Chang 'an is so far away from the sun?" A:' The sun is far away, and I can't hear people coming from the sun. How should I know? Yuan Di is different. Tomorrow, I will gather a group of ministers to tell you this, and more importantly, I will answer:' This day is coming.' Yuan Di turned pale and said, "Why are you different from what you said yesterday? Answer:' Looking up at the sun, you can't see Chang 'an.' "

[3 1] Wu Hui: Wu Jun, a native of Suzhou, Jiangsu. Yun Jian: Songjiang County (Guhuating) in Jiangsu Province. Shi Shuo Xin Yu Pai Diao: (word Shilong) Huating people, strangers, Zhang Hua asked them to introduce each other and have no common language. "The cloud says,' Lu Shilong in the Cloud'"

[32] The terrain is extremely ...: South Australia, the sea in the south. (See Zhuangzi) Nerve: "There are copper pillars in Kunlun Mountain. Its high into the sky, the so-called Tianzhu also. " Beichen: "The Analects of Confucius Governing the Country": "Governing the country by virtue, like Beichen, lives in its place and the star is * * * (arch)."

[33] Emperor Qi: the gatekeeper of the Emperor of Heaven. Qu Yuan's Lisao: "I command the emperor to switch, lean on it and look at it."

[34] Feng Xuan Room: Jia Yi moved to Changsha for four years, and Emperor Wen of Han called him back to Chang 'an to ask ghosts and gods in the mysterious room. Xuan Shi is the main hall of Weiyang Palace in Han Dynasty, where the emperor called ministers to discuss.

[35] Feng Tang Yi Lao: Biography of Historical Records and Feng Tang: (Feng) Tang, as a corps commander, once worked for Emperor Wen. ..... Worship Tang for riding a captain, deputy commander and county car driver. In seven years, Jingdi was established, taking Tang as the Chu phase and avoiding it. Liang Wudi stood on his own feet, sought virtue and introduced Feng Tang. Tang is in his nineties and can't be reinstated. "

[36] Li Guang is difficult to be knighted: Li Guang, a famous soldier in the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, fought against Xiongnu for many times and made outstanding achievements, but he has never been knighted.

[37] Qu Jiayi's sentence: Jia Yi was demoted as the teacher of Changsha King when he was Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty. Lord: It refers to Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty.

[38] Sentence: People in the Eastern Han Dynasty fled to Qilu and Wuzhong for offending Emperor Zhang. Ming Dynasty: refers to the era of Emperor Zhang.

[39] The gentleman plays it by ear: "Under the Yi copula": "The gentleman sees the number (machine) and makes it."

[40] Master know life: "Book of Changes": "Lotte know life, so don't worry."

[4 1] Old age makes you strong: "The Biography of Ma Yuan in the Later Han Dynasty": "The husband is determined to win, the poor is strong, and the old is strong."

[42] Qingyun ambition: "The Biography of Continued Yimin": "Ji Kang has long had Qingyun ambition."

[43] Considering the greedy spring ...: According to the biography of Wu Yinzhi in the Book of Jin, an upright official went to Guangzhou as a secretariat, drank the water from the greedy spring and wrote a poem: "The ancients said that this water was pregnant with a thousand penetration. It is not easy to find a way to let (uncle) Yi (uncle) drink together. " Greedy spring, in Shimen near Guangzhou, is said to be insatiable after drinking this water.

[44] A dry spot: Zhuangzi Foreign Things tells that fish are dry. Drought is a metaphor of dilemma.

[45] Beihai sentence: "Zhuangzi Xiaoyao Tour" semantic version.

[46] East corner sentence: "The Biography of Feng Yi in the Later Han Dynasty": "Lost in the East corner, harvested mulberry." East corner, the origin of the day, means morning. Sang Yu, at sunset, means dusk.

[47] Meng Chang's two sentences: Zhou Bo, Meng Chang, a native of Shangyu in the Eastern Han Dynasty. He used to be the magistrate of Hepu, famous for his honesty and devotion to duty, and later lived in seclusion due to illness. Emperor Huan, although repeatedly recommended, was ultimately useless. See Biography of Meng Taste in the Later Han Dynasty.

[48] Ruan Ji's two sentences: Ruan Ji, word heir, Jin Dynasty celebrity. "Biography of Ruan Ji in the Book of Jin": Ji "When driving alone, you have to take the road. The car track is poor, but it cries. "

[49] Three feet: refers to youth.

[50] There is no way: According to the "History of the Final Army", the final army was named Ziyun, a native of Jinan in the Han Dynasty. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent envoys to South Vietnam, he invited himself to "accept the long tassel, and he will be detained by the King of South Vietnam". At that time, he was only in his twenties. Equal, identical, used as a verb. Weak crown, the ancient people were crowned at the age of 20, indicating adulthood, which is called "weak crown".

[5 1] Pen-throwing: For the story of Han Ban Chao joining the army with a pen, see Biography of Ban Chao in the Later Han Dynasty. Mou Zongqi (què que): Mou Zongqi was a native of Nanyang in the Southern Song Dynasty. When he was young, he told his uncle about his ambition and said, "I am willing to ride the wind and waves." See Biography of Zong Yi in Song Dynasty for details. A book Mu is about love.

[52] hairpin: Crown hairpin, hand edition. Official use, here refers to the official position. Bailing: A hundred years is still a "lifetime".

[53] Shi Chenmang: "Book of Rites Quli Shang": "Any ceremony for the son ... is weak, save the morning."

[54] Non-Xie Jia: "Shi Shuo Xin Yu Yu Yan": "Xie Taifu (An) asked his son and nephew,' Why did the son predict his personnel and want to make it better?' Everyone has nothing to say. Che Qi (Xie Xuan) replied,' For example, Yushu in Lan Zhi wants to be born in a quadrangle.' "

[55] Meng's family ...: It is said that Monk's mother moved three times to choose her neighbors in order to educate her son, and finally settled near Gong Xue. See Liu Xiang's Biography of the Mother Instrument of the Daughter Country.

[56] Another sentence: "The Analects of Confucius Ji Shi": (Confucius) tasted independence, and (Confucius) carp rushed to the court. (Confucius) said,' How about learning poetry?' Yes:' Not yet.' There is nothing to say if you don't study poetry. Carp retired to learn poetry. One day, when it is independent, the carp will rush through the court. (Confucius) said,' How about learning manners? Yes:' Not yet. "If you don't learn etiquette, you can't stand it." Carp dropped out of etiquette. "Carp, Kong Li, son of Confucius.

[57] Hug (Sister Mei): Raise double sleeves to show respect. Li Yingchuan in the Later Han Dynasty: "A person who is proud of his reputation and accepted by him is called Denglongmen."

[58] Yang Yi's second sentence: According to "Historical Records and Biography of Sima Xiangru", Sima Xiangru was recommended by Shu Yang Deyi, and he was able to enter the DPRK to see Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Another cloud said, "It's like playing Ode to My Lord, and the son of heaven is happy with it, fluttering with the spirit of Lingyun." Yang Yi, the provincial name of Yang Deyi. Lingyun refers to Sima Xiangru's Adult Fu.

[59] Zhong You's second sentence: "Liezi Tang Wen": "Boya is good at playing drums, while Zhong Ziqi is good at listening. Boya Guqin ... longed for running water, and Zhong Ziqi said, "Good! The ocean is like a river. " "Clock period, Zhong Ziqi province said.

[60] Lanting: Near Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province. On March 3rd, the 9th year of Yonghe, Jin Mu (353), Wang Xizhi and a group of sages gathered here to hold a banquet to repair the ceremony and eliminate the ominous.

〕 61〕 Zize: Jinguyuan in Shichong, Shanxi, so it is located in the northwest of Luoyang City, Henan Province.

[62] Please sprinkle two sentences: Zhong Rong's poem: "The ground (machine) is like the sea, and Pan (Yue) is like the river."

basic knowledge

1, interchangeable words

Yan Yan is on the road ("Yan Yan" passed "Yan Yan", rectification)

Cloud sales rain Ji ("sales" go through "elimination" and disappear)

It depends on a gentleman to play it by ear ("machine" leads to "number", which is a sign)

Get to know the neighbors of the Meng family (tie the knot and make friends)

2. Different meanings of ancient and modern times

Time dimension and September dimension: ancient meaning: modern meaning: often used as the meaning of "maintenance" and "maintenance"

On the road: ancient meaning: high road, modern meaning: on the road.

Poverty helps the poor: the ancient meaning: in a difficult situation, the situation is difficult; Modern significance: poverty without money.

Act according to circumstances by a gentleman: the ancient meaning: see the micro-knowledge; What it means now: seeing opportunities and seeing forms.

A grand feast is hard to repeat: ancient meaning: second meaning: once again.

3. Polysemy

Therefore:

(1), the old county town of Zhang Yu, and the old house in Hongdu.

(2) Therefore, the heaven will descend to a great post, so people also: Therefore,

(3) The reason why Huan Hou makes people ask: Speciality.

(4), both grams, public questions: therefore.

Do:

(1), the host and guest are all in the southeast: all, all.

(2), the water is cold and the pool is clear: no, dry.

(3) Then the wise do their best: use them all.

(4), chat by return to end: end, end.

Category:

(1), Wei Shi, September, Sanqiu: Yes.

(2) Mulberry genus with fertile fields and beautiful ponds: Class.

③ In bone marrow, Siming belongs to: in

Namely:

(1), Gui Dian Lan Palace, that is, the posture of Qiushan, that is, persistence.

(2) Eight In the snow crossed the sky of Tatar, that is, just.

(3), the death of a strong man is already, and the deceased is the name: then

4. Flexible use of parts of speech

(1), noun flexible use of three rivers and five lakes: with … as the leader and … as the leader.

(2) Adjectives use four beauties flexibly, and the dilemma is both beautiful and difficult: as a noun, beauty refers to good times, beautiful scenery, feasting and pleasing to the eye; Distinguished guests refer to virtuous hosts and guests.

(3) The verb Kawasawa is flexibly used to shock it: to make it move and surprise it.

5. Special sentence patterns

(1), the judgment sentence, life is three feet, a scholar.

(2) The fishing boat Ellipsis sounded (in the middle) late, and it was cold (in the middle).

(3) What's shameful about running water upside down?

Related idioms

Many reminders come together.

Pinyin: shèng yǒu rú yún

Explanation: Victory friend: Good friend. Many good friends gather in one place.

One's greatness brings glory to a place.

Pinyin: rén Jie dílíng

Interpretation: Jie: outstanding; Ling: OK. It means that when an outstanding person is born or visited, his place becomes a scenic spot.

Grammar: combination; As subject, object and attribute; Include praise

A room full of distinguished friends/guests

Pinyin: northern zu

Explanation: high: noble. Noble friends filled the seats. Describe many guests.

Grammar: complementarity; As a predicate; Describe many guests

Men are very literary.

Pinyin: téng jiāo qǐ fèng

Commentary: Jiao: Xiaolong; Phoenix: Phoenix. Like a dragon and phoenix dance. Describing people is very literary.

Grammar: combination; As predicate and attribute; Include praise

Good products from the earth are the wealth of nature.

Pinyin: b language

Interpretation: Wuhua: the essence of all things; Tianbao: the treasure of nature. Refers to all kinds of precious treasures.

Enjoy the rich food in bronze vessels accompanied by chimes-live a luxurious life.

Pinyin: zh not zhng míng dǐng shí

Description: Clock: an ancient musical instrument; Ding: an ancient cooker. Ring the bell for dinner. Describe the luxury and ostentation of the nobility.

Grammar: combination; Make an attribute; Often used with "home"

Free, natural and bold enthusiasm burst into the sky.

Pinyin: yěxing Chuán füI

Explanation: refers to vigorous and unrestrained interest.

Extremely noble

Pinyin: tiān g tiān gāo dìng

Explanation: Tim: Far away. Describe it extremely high.

(of strangers) meet by chance like floating duckweeds.

Pinyin: píng shuǐ xiāng féng

Usage: more formal; As predicate and attribute; Refers to no deep friendship.

Description: Duckweed drifts with the current, gathering and scattering are uncertain. It's a metaphor for someone you've never met.

Suffer many setbacks in my life.

Pinyin: m ng túduúChuún

Explanation: Not smooth, unfortunately. Fate is full of bad luck Refers to a bumpy life and repeated setbacks.

Old but full of energy.

Pinyin: l m: o d ā ng y: Zhu

Explanation: When: Should; Some countries: more; Zhuang: majestic. Although I am old, I am more ambitious and motivated.

intellectual

Pinyin: y ρ jie sh ě ng

Explanation: humble: one. Used as a nickname for self-proclaimed scholars or ordinary scholars in the old days.

Time flies. If you cherish your time, work hard and aim high, it's not too late in your later years.

Bopomofo

Explanation: East corner: refers to the origin of the sun, indicating the early years. Sang Yu: It means sunset, which means old age. The early years are gone forever. If you cherish time and make efforts, it's not too late to be old.

Allusions rhetoric

(A) detailed explanation of allusions

1, concise, implicit, tasteful-clear use

The so-called clear use is to use the literal meaning of allusions to expand their special meaning into general reference. In "Wang Teng Gexu", "Things are rich and beautiful, and Long Guang shoots bulls; The allusions in the sentences such as "outstanding people, Xu Ru's bed in Chen Fan", "Purple electricity and blue frost, General Wang's arsenal" and "Tianzhu is high, Beichen is far away" belong to Ming Dynasty allusions.

The classic of Dragon Lantern can be found in the book Biography of Zhang Jinhua. Zhang Hua dug two swords, Longquan and Taia, underground because of the purple gas irradiation between the bucket and the cow. The dazzling light from the two swords is the dragon light. The classic Xu Ru is found in the Biography of Xu Wan in the later Han Dynasty. Chen Fan, a famous scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty, refused to receive visitors when he was a satrap, while Xu Wan, who refused to be an official because of his poor family and farming at home, stayed here. The classic of "Purple Electricity" can be found in Notes on Ancient and Modern Clothing. Emperor Wu has six swords, and the second one is purple electricity.

For the classic of Green Frost, see Miscellanies of Xijing. The sword used by Emperor Gaozu to cut the white snake was ground once every 12 years, and its blade is as sharp as frost and snow. The classic of Tianzhu can be found in Nerve. There are copper pillars on Kunlun Mountain, which are called Tianzhu. There is a classic of "Beichen" in The Analects of Confucius, saying that "ruling the country by virtue, such as Beichen, lives in its place and attracts many stars". This refers to Polaris, which means monarch.

The above allusions are clear and clear, achieving the effect of "graceful and meaningful, gorgeous and rich, fluent and concise" (Liu Xie's "Wen Xin Diao Long" language), which can be described as concise.

2, implicit purpose, aimed at the sentence-dark use.

The secret edition does not directly record the original text, but transforms it into its own language, which makes the allusions close to the context without violating the original intention, and plays an appropriate and tortuous role in expressing the author's thoughts and feelings. "Preface to Wang Tengting" "Feng Tang is easy to be old, Li Guang is difficult to seal, Jia Yi is in Changsha, and there is no owner; Now is not a good time to escape to Hongliang Haile. " "greedy springs are refreshing, and they are still happy." "Meng has a noble taste and holds the feelings of the country when he is free; The allusions of Ruan Ji's madness and how can he cry at the end of the road are all dark allusions.

Feng Tang and Li Guang can be found in Historical Records, and Meng Taste can be found in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty. These allusions are familiar to everyone, so I won't repeat them here. For the classic of "greedy for spring", see Biography of Wu Yinzhi in the Book of Jin. There is a water called Chanquan in Shimen, 20 miles north of Guangzhou. It is said that people will be insatiable after drinking this water. At this time, Wu Yinzhi took the spring water and drank it, and wrote a poem: "The ancients said that this water is a treasure. It is not easy to try to get Qi Yi to drink. " For the classic of "dry rutting", see Zhuangzi Foreign Things, which is a language classic. There is no water in rutting, so it is called dry rutting, which is a metaphor for poverty. Ruan Ji's classics can be found in Biography of Ruan Ji in the Book of Jin. Ruan Ji, who lived in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, was dissatisfied with Sima's family, so as not to be killed. He often drives out by himself instead of taking the main road. When there were any obstacles ahead, he came back crying.

All these allusions, events or words have been translated into his own language by Wang Bo, but these allusions contain complex feelings of self-pity that the author has not used in today's world. However, because Wang Bo borrowed the code names of "greedy for spring" and "dry road", he showed the belief of forcibly cheering up and not being decadent.

3, saying that the ancient metaphor is today, than the situation itself-use.

Use is to use after clicking. This is a way for the author to rationalize the detailed narrative and long speech and express his feelings with simplicity and complexity. "Preface to Wang Tengting" "Yang Yi does not meet, caressing Lingyun and cherishing himself; The sentence "What's the shame of a clock meeting running water" belongs to the use of allusions.

For the classic "Yang Yi's Unfortunate Experience", please refer to Historical Records and Biography of Sima Xiangru. Yang Deyi of the Han Dynasty told the Emperor Wudi that "Adult Fu" was written, and the Emperor Wudi summoned Xiang Ru, "The son of heaven likes it, and it is full of gas", but Yang Deyi is still a small official in charge of hunting dogs. Liezi Tang Wen has a classic of "Meeting in Clock Period". In ancient times, Boya played guqin, aiming at high mountains and flowing water, and only Zhong Ziqi knew its sound.

The above two cultural allusions have profound implications. Wang Bo, who is only 26 years old, was invited to make a preface, but in the face of his "unlucky and ill-fated life", he couldn't help but feel sad and couldn't say it directly. That's a great pen. It can make flowers and use allusions. Although it is ancient, it is more comfortable than the situation at that time, and there is no trace of an axe.

4, multi-code concentration, strengthen the effect-use together

Continuous use refers to the way that the author drives away several allusions in one sentence to express his thoughts and feelings in order to enhance the expression effect. There are many allusions in Preface to Wang Tengting. Here's just one example: "It's not a treasure tree of Xie's family, but a neighbor of Meng's family. He is becoming more and more royal, and he is accompanying carp. There are four allusions to the sentence "Today I hold my hand and gladly hold the dragon gate", which shows that the author is lucky enough to be favored by Gong Yan and can improvise and display his talents.

For the classics of Xie Jiabao Shu, see the speech of Shi Shuo Xin Yu. Xie An asked his sons and nephews why people always want their children to be good. Nephew Xie Xuan replied: "For example, Yushu in Lan Zhi wants to be born in the ears of the imperial court." Yushu is a precious tree, which is a metaphor for a good son who does not disgrace the family. For the classic "Meng's Neighborhood", see "Biography of the Fierce Woman and Mother Instrument". It is said that Meng Mu moved three times to choose neighbors in order to educate his son. The classic of "carp pair" can be found in The Analects of Confucius Ji Shi. Confucius once stood in the courtroom, and his son Kong Li "rushed out of the courtroom". Confucius taught him to learn poetry and etiquette. The classic of "Longmen" can be found in "Li Yingchuan in the Later Han Dynasty": "Those who are proud of their reputation and are accepted by them are called" boarding the Longmen ".

The above four allusions are used together in the sentence, which perfectly expresses the complex psychology of young Wang Bo who is flattered and self-pitying, and these allusions are either positive or negative, giving people a feeling of carefree.

(B) Metonymy and modesty in this paper

1, identify six metonymic usages.

(1) Bangui is far away: Bangui replaced Gong Yan.

(2) temporarily stayed: instead of the driver, it actually took the place of Yu.

(3) Old Fairy Pavilion: Dai Pavilion.

(4) Emperor Qi: acting as the imperial court.

(5) Feng Xuan Room: Acting as an official in North Korea.

(6) Caring for Lingyun and feeling sorry for yourself: Lingyun Fu is the representative. Because Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty once praised his fu as "fluttering with the spirit of Lingyun".

2. Know six polite words.

(1) Jia Jun is a butcher and Tao is a name; What does a boy know? Bowing is always the winner.

Jiajun, call yourself dad. Son, Wang Bo calls himself. My father, as the county magistrate of Jiaozhi County, passed by this famous place in order to visit his father. Young and ignorant, I was lucky enough to attend this grand banquet.

(2) Bo, a short life, is a scholar.

Three feet, humble, is Wang Bo's claim. The ancients called adults "seven feet tall" and children who were not sensible were "three feet tall". Three feet: refers to the length of the belt hanging down. According to the ancient dress system, the length of a gentleman's waist varies according to his status, and the length of a gentleman is three feet. Gentleman refers to the drooping part of the belt scale. Micro-life, that is, "one life", the rank system of Zhou Dynasty is from one life to nine lives, and one life is the lowest official position.

Three feet in life means humble status. Humble: one.

(3) He is becoming more and more court-oriented, always accompanying carp.

Go to court and walk quickly through the courtyard, which is a sign of respect for the elders. Oh, bear the burden of humiliation as a sign of humility. Carp right refers to being taught in front of parents. I will go to my father to listen to my teachings in the future.

Common words: Yan = Yan (Yan is on the road)

Sales = elimination (cloud sales rain Ji)

Variants: Heaven and Man, Fairness, Moment, Eyes, Play it by ear, Redundancy, Zi, Huai, Zhu.

Ancient prose view: immortal, prone, column, sharp, poor, pregnant, morning, sincere, Zhu.