Why can an ancient bridge built 1750 years ago still be used?

Yin Pingqiao: Witness of the Ancient Battlefield of the Three Kingdoms

Among all the stories about the Three Kingdoms, the most wonderful is the Changbanpo War, Zhao Zilong's white horse and silver gun, and the figure of a lonely savior, which makes loyal officials and righteous people admire; However, what makes people full of reverie and sigh is the tragic ending of "six trips out of Qishan", and the most regrettable Deng Aiyin Pingqiao completely broke the fantasy of the Three Kingdoms in people's minds.

Yinping Bridge is an important pass on Yinping Ancient Road.

1. Zhuge Liang Northern Expedition

At the beginning of August, we came to Qishan Township, Lixian County, Gansu Province, and visited Qishan Fort, a hill standing alone in the depths of the West Qinling Mountains. We started from Tianshui, walked southwest along the highway leading to Longnan, Gansu, and walked more than 60 kilometers to Qishan Township, Lixian County, Gansu Province.

The world-famous Qishan Fort is located in the canyon. From a distance, Qishan Fort is just a hill, but it is a worrying place, a place that people talk about all the time.

Since the spring of 228 AD, the first expedition to Wei, the base camp is located here. Since 2000, Qishan has become a frequent place for countless literati in China. Perhaps because it carries too much hope, or for other reasons, I can't see how magnificent that mountain is. Although it is interpreted as the Qishan Dazhai in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, it is really ordinary, which makes us tourists from afar disappointed.

Along the mountain road, we climbed to the top of the mountain. The mountain is only more than 200 meters high, but it is surrounded by cliffs and walls, so it is easy to defend but difficult to attack. Since ancient times, it has been the traffic throat connecting Gansu, Shaanxi and Sichuan, and occupying this place can control the north and south mountains and rivers and occupy geographical advantages.

In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, "Zhuge Liu came out of Qishan" is an exciting chapter, and Luo Guanzhong interpreted the legend thousands of years ago as a novelist. Now peel away the layers of historical fog, what can we see? Is it true that Zhuge Liu went out of Qishan? How far is the gap between Liuxia Qishan in Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Zhuge's northern expedition to Wei in history?

According to textual research, it is often said that Zhuge Liang's six visits to Qishan are not accurate, which is an exaggeration and fiction written by novelists. According to historical records, Zhuge Liang had five feats of conquering Wei in his life, namely, the battle of Jieting, the battle of Jianwei, the battle of Shouyang, the battle of Qishan and the battle of Weishui. But I don't know why it is interpreted by people as six out of Qishan, perhaps because people like six or six Dashun. In the process of Zhuge Liang's five attacks on Wei, he only visited Qishan twice. In the other three times, he sent troops to Chencang (Baoji), Wudu, Yin Ping (south of Qishan) and Wuzhangyuan (now the south bank of Weihe River near Baoji, Shaanxi).

Then let's go to Yin Ping to see the bridge!

2. Wargo's level playing field

Zhuge Liang's six visits to Qishan is the most beautiful scene in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. After the stars of Wuzhangyuan settled, the Three Kingdoms entered a gloomy stage. Next, although Jiang Wei saved the day, there was nothing he could do.

During the Three Kingdoms period, Gansu belonged to Wei and Shu. Under the influence of Zhuge Liang's strategy of six visits to Qishan, Tianshui, Dingxi, Gannan and Wudu in the southeast of Gansu Province have been the main battlefields of Wei-Shu tug-of-war. 1000 years later, there are not only a large number of relics of the Three Kingdoms left here, but also the shadows of the Three Kingdoms in local folk customs. In the dialect of Tianshui area, "Niucao" is the witness of the expedition that year. Niu said Liu Bei's side and Liu's side, and the dialect was misrepresented as Niu. Grass refers to Cao Cao, in fact, it refers to Cao Cao, and the dialect is misinformed as grass. This shows the intensity of tug-of-war between the two sides at that time.

This cannot but be said to be Wargo's route to Sichuan. This road is the level tone road.

Yinping is the old county seat of Wenxian County today. Wenxian county is also the gateway between the two provinces at the border of Jiangxi and Sichuan. During the Three Kingdoms period, the state of Wei occupied most of Gansu, while the Shu army stuck to Longnan. Entering Sichuan from Guanzhong and Longyou has been difficult since ancient times. From Guanzhong to Sichuan, it is necessary to cross the Qinling Mountains, and the road in the Xiqin fold area of Longnan is relatively easy. Longnan is the only way for Dragon Tree.

Before the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were three roads from Taohe River and Weihe River to Yinping. One is from Tuzhong (now Lintan) along Taohe River to Lintao (now Minxian), and then south along Bailong River, passing through Shimen (now Wudu), Linjiangguan and Yinpingqiaotou (now Yuleiguan in Wenxian) to Sichuan. This road is called Tuzhong Yin Ping Road. Article 2 Starting from Didao (now Lintao), crossing the exposed mountain, and going south along the Minjiang River along the road ahead to arrive at Yinping, which is called Yinping Right Road in history; Article 3 Tianshui connects the first two highways through Yan Guan, Lixian, Xihe and Wudu. Because all three routes pass through level tone, they are collectively called level tone road.

Yin Ping Road is a road jointly developed by the people of Han, Qiang and Di nationalities. Especially after the focus of the struggle between Wei and Shu in the Three Kingdoms period moved to Didao, this road was further developed and utilized, and became the first passage from Gansu to Shu after the Three Kingdoms period.

Deng Ai, a scholar, was born in Yiyang and was frustrated for a long time because of stuttering. Later, it was discovered by Wei Taiwei Sima Yi. From then on, I was promoted all the way. For a long time, Shu fought against Jiang Wei, repelled Jiang Wei many times, and once defeated Jiang Wei in Duangu (today's water area).

In 263 AD, Wei Fen attacked in three ways. Zhong Hui unified more than 654.38 million people and captured Hanzhong from Gu Jie, Luogu and Woods respectively. Zhuge Xu, the Yongzheng satrap, took Wu Jie, Qiaotou, and Jiang Weigui's return road in turn from 30,000 troops in Qishan. Who knows that Zhong Hui can't attack for a long time and wants to withdraw? Wargo came up with a plan to attack Jiangyou in the mountains alone. "The History of the Three Kingdoms" said: "The shadow is parallel to the no-man's land for more than 700 miles, digging mountain passages and building bridge pavilions." At the most critical time, Wargo took the lead, wrapped himself in a felt and rolled down the mountain. The soldiers also climbed the wooden cliff and marched in file. They first surrendered their commander Ma Miao in Jiangyou, and then defeated Zhuge Zhan in Mianzhu. Yu Jingyuan invaded Chengdu in 263, and Shu Han perished. After World War I, Yin Ping Road became famous in the history books. Since then, Fu Youde, a general in the early Ming Dynasty, has also entered Sichuan from level tone, defeated Ming Yuzhen and returned to Sichuan.

3. Two bridges on the ancient road

There are two most famous bridges on Yinping Road. The first one is Dengdeng Bridge outside Dangchang. This bridge was built at Huashiguan (also known as Huashiguan) in Dangchang. According to legend, when Wargo attacked Shu, he set out from Lintao and headed south to join forces with Wei Jun, the son of Wargo.