The Best Time to Visit the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang

The Best Time of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum: Four Seasons

The Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor is located at the northern foot of Mount Li, 30 kilometers east, facing Mount Li in the south, with mountains and mountains and lush trees. The Weihe River in the north is winding, and the silver snake lies on its back. Surrounded by towering peaks, the tall mausoleum and Mount Li are integrated, with beautiful scenery and unique environment.

Qin Shihuang was an outstanding politician in the history of China. His surname is Yan, and he is the son of King Xiang of Qin Zhuang. He was born in Handan, Kyoto, Zhao in 259 BC. In 246 BC, he was made king of Qin at the age of 65,438+03, and was crowned leader at the age of 22. During the period from 236 BC to 22 1 year 15 BC, the state of Qin wiped out six vassal states, namely, Korea, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan and Qi, completely ending the history of the Warring States, and establishing the first unified, multi-ethnic and centralized feudal dynasty in China's history through blood and fire. "Qin Huang sweeps Liuhe, and the tiger is powerful;" With a wave of his sword, the clouds will be fixed, and all the princes will come to the West. "Qin Shihuang, the omnipotent monarch, not only left great achievements to future generations, but also left this mysterious royal cemetery.

The pyramids in ancient Egypt are the largest above-ground tombs in the world, and the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor in China is the largest underground tomb in the world.

The construction of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum began when he ascended the throne, which lasted for 38 years, eight years longer than the famous Egyptian pyramid of khufu. The number of people who used the mausoleum was close to 800,000, almost eight times that of the people who built pyramid of khufu.

The cemetery is modeled after Xianyang, the capital of Qin, and is generally zigzag. There are two inner and outer walls around the mausoleum. The circumference of the inner wall of the cemetery is 3870 meters, and the circumference of the outer wall is 62 10 meters. Large-scale ground buildings in the mausoleum area include sleeping halls, convenience halls, garden temples and official residences. The enclosure of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum was rammed, forming a three-step ladder with overlapping buckets and bottom, with a bottom area of about 250,000 square meters and a height of115m. However, due to more than 2000 years of wind and rain erosion and man-made damage, the current paddock has a bottom area of about 120 square meters, a height of 87 meters and a total area of 56.25 square kilometers. The Qin Dynasty is a glorious page in the history of China, and the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor concentrated the highest achievements of Qin civilization. Qin Shihuang took all the glory of his life underground.

The underground palace of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum is the core part of the mausoleum building, which is located under the mound. "Historical Records" records: "Pass the three springs, drop the bronze wares, fill the palace with officials, and move the treasures. Take mercury as a hundred rivers and seas and instill it by machine. " There is astronomy in the world, geography in the world, and mermaid cream as a candle, which lasts for a long time. "Archaeological findings show that the underground palace covers an area of about 6.5438+0.8 million square meters, with a center depth of about 30 meters. The cemetery is centered on mounds and surrounded by many funerals with rich connotations and unprecedented scale. In addition to the well-known terracotta warriors and bronze chariots and horses tombs, more than 600 large-scale Shijiakeng, Baixi figurine pits, civilian figurine pits and tombs have been discovered, and 654.38+10,000 pieces of cultural relics have been unearthed in the archaeological work of the Qin tombs for decades. There are many cultural relics booths in the cemetery, showing some cultural relics unearthed from the Qin Mausoleum in the past 20 years. There is a waterway exhibition area to reproduce the scientific and thorough drainage facilities of the cemetery in that year; I believe that with the progress of archaeological work, there will be more unexpected discoveries.

Between the dignified green and the tall mausoleum, in order to let tourists feel the dignity and dignity of the king, the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor staged a large-scale performance of "Reproducing the guard changing ceremony of the guard of the First Qin Emperor's mausoleum" and a sand table model of the mausoleum area, cemetery and underground palace integrating "sound, light and electricity", which reproduced the spectacular scene of the mysterious cemetery more than 2,000 years ago and showed decades of archaeological achievements.

The Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor is the first royal cemetery in the history of China. It is the crystallization of the hard work and wisdom of the working people in China. It is a treasure house of history and culture. Among all the feudal imperial tombs, it is famous for its large scale and rich tombs. 196 1 was announced by the State Council as the first batch of key cultural relics protection units, and 1987 was listed in the world cultural heritage protection list by UNESCO, becoming the wealth of all mankind. In 2002, the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor was rated as a national AAAA-level tourist attraction.

Main attraction

Fengtu team

"Fengqiu" is the common name of the ground mausoleum, and below the horizon is the grave where the dead are buried. The enclosure of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum consists of loess accumulation and layered tamping. The overall shape is like an "overlapping bucket", but it is actually made up of three quadrangular prism geometries with different sizes. This is not the "three graves" that Liu Xiang, a Western Han Dynasty man, saw. According to the literature, "_ is 50 feet high", and the current aerial survey height is 5 1.668 meters. The base of the square is the largest, with a length of 350 meters from north to south, a width of 345 meters from east to west, a perimeter of 1.390 meters and an area of 1.20750 square meters.

"Historical Records" contains: On the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor, "the vegetation is like a mountain." According to the hierarchy, the mausoleum was originally planted with pine and cypress and grass. Today, pomegranate trees have been planted, the flowers in May are as red as fire, and Qiu Lai is full of fruits. These all have the functions of greening the environment and maintaining the ecology.

Complete soil boundary remains of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum

The original wall of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum was much higher than it is now. People in the Western Han Dynasty said that the length of the edge of the mausoleum is "more than five miles a week", which can be converted to 2087.65 meters today.

Due to more than 2,000 years of wind and rain erosion and man-made destruction, the basement contracted inward, and the surrounding area became cliff-like, with a circumference of only 1390 meters. This is the boundary of complete soil.

drainage pipeline

In order to drain the surface rainwater of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum, many pipelines are laid underground. The pentagonal pottery waterway belongs to the main drainage pipeline, with a total height of 45-47 cm, a bottom width of 40 cm and a total length of 65-68 cm. The internal area is about 1 100 square centimeter, so the water output (cubic meters per second) is relatively large. The inner wall of the northwest of the mausoleum has five rows of pentagonal ceramic waterways side by side, which shows the huge surface runoff. Another kind of bluestone waterway is composed of upper and lower pieces, with serrated single hole, double hole or three holes in the middle to slow down the flow rate and prevent the ground of the outlet from being damaged.

When pouring water indoors, use a cylindrical ceramic waterway. Its upper mouth is connected with a "funnel" and its corner is made with an "elbow".

The water pipes in the building are connected with underground drainage pipes to form a complete drainage system.

Tongchekeng site

1980, it was found that Hummer and Hummer were both built here. Put the car in the back and ride mainly with the car; Before it, it was guided by a vertical car. This set of luxurious palace rides is now on display in the Terracotta Warriors Museum.

The Tongche Horse Pit is located under the edge of the west side of the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum, with a depth of 7.8 meters. The plane looks like a towel facing east. The total area is 3025 square meters. Two bronze chariots and horses came out of the fifth hole on the south side of the pit, with Marcy's back to the tomb. The four walls, top and bottom of the pit are connected with plates to form a "wooden coffin" for placing chariots and horses. Judging from the decay and marks, the wooden coffin is 7 long, 2.3 wide and 2.2 meters high.

Rest temple site

The so-called "sleeping hall" is a ritual building for the dead.

The bedroom of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum is located 53 meters west of the north side of the mausoleum. Judging from the detected platform base, it is located in the west and east, with a plane close to a square, 62 meters long from north to south and 57 meters deep from east to west, with a total area of 3,534 square meters. The main building is surrounded by cloisters, and the outside is aproll. The door opens at the southern end of the east wall.

The sleeping hall was destroyed by the fire at the end of Qin dynasty, and the building structure is unknown. However, judging from the foundation relics, a large number of architectural relics in the accumulated soil and archaeological examples in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, the sleeping hall of Qin Shihuang's mausoleum belongs to a single-eaved four-armored roof building.