Full text of Lushan Travel Notes by Hu Shi

Lushan Mountain is a very famous cultural tourism destination in my country. It not only has spectacular and beautiful natural scenery, but also has many poems written by ancient humanistic poets. In modern times, a series of buildings and foundations have been built. The facilities make it an excellent place for tourism. Let me share with you the prose of Mr. Hu Shi’s travel notes on Mount Lu.

It rained heavily last night, and I heard the sound of pine waves and the sound of rain all night long. At first I couldn't tell the difference. After listening for a long time, I could distinguish the sound of pine waves when it rains and the sound of pine waves when the rain stops. I slept very little throughout the night.

When the rain stopped early, we set off. On the road from Haihui Temple to Bailu Cave, there are many trees, which are green and lovely after the rain. The mountains and valleys are covered with rhododendrons, which come in two colors, red and light purple, the latter being more colorful and pleasing to the eye. When I visited Japan last year, the cherry blossoms were already over and the azaleas were in full bloom. They came in many colors, but they were mostly seen in parks and private homes. They were not as lovely as today’s mountains and valleys. It is recorded in this quatrain:

The long pine tree preaches ordinary things, and the most joyful thing is that the mountain flowers are blooming.

The tender purples and bright reds are all lovely, this trip should be for cuckoos.

To Bailu Cave. The former site of the academy was used as the Jiangxi Higher Agricultural School during the Qing Dynasty. A school building was added, but the building is crude and scrawled, and it is really in disgrace. The Agricultural School has been moved and Xilin Office is now located. There are wooden chips nailed to the nearby large pine trees, indicating the number of the preserved ancient pine. Although the buildings here are extremely poor, the scenery outside the cave is still good. There is a small stream with shallow rapids and an audible gurgling sound. The name of the stream is Guandaoxi, and there is a stone bridge on it, which is called Daoqiao. It was named after Kai Zhuzi. From the bridge, I saw a wisteria flower on one of the pines behind the cave. It reached the top of the tree and the wisteria flowers were in full bloom, which was so beautiful and pleasing to the eye.

There is no cave in Bailu Cave. In Zhengde, Wang Qin, the governor of Nankang, opened the back mountain to make a cave. Why did the prefect cut a stone deer and put it in the cave. These two are really stupid!

White Deer Cave occupies a special place in history for two reasons. First, because Bailudong Academy is the earliest academy. During the reign of Sheng Yuanzhong of the Southern Tang Dynasty (937-942), it was built as Lushan Guoxue, with land set up to gather disciples, and Li Shandao as the cave master. Since it was established as an academy in the early Song Dynasty, it was called the "Four Great Academies" together with the three academies at Shigu and Yuelu in Suiyang, and they were the four ancestors of academies. Second, because Zhu Xi rebuilt the Bailudong Academy and set out the rules of learning, it became a "lecture-style" academy for hundreds of years. The academies from the late Song Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty all fell into this category. After Qianlong's reign, the trend of simple learning had become established, and a new type of academies began to emerge. The Jingshe Jingshe and Xuehaitang founded by Ruan Yuan can be regarded as representatives of this new type of academies. The academies of the Southern Song Dynasty worshiped Zhou Shao and other masters of the Northern Song Dynasty; the academies of the Yuan and Ming Dynasties worshiped He and Zhu; the academies of the late Ming Dynasty mostly worshiped Yangming; after the decline of Wang Xue, many academies worshiped He and Zhu. After the Qianjia period, academies no longer enshrined Neo-Confucianists but instead enshrined Xu Shen, Zheng Xuan, etc. The difference in worship is the fundamental difference between the two major academies. Worship Xu Shen, Zheng Xuan and others. The difference in worship is the fundamental difference between the two major academies.

Zhu Zi established Bailudong Academy in Chunxi Jihai (1178). He attached great importance to this matter. He once wrote to the Prime Minister and said:

I would like to be compared to the official regulations of the ancestral hall and serve as Bailu. Cave Master, if you stay in the cave for a while, you will end up explaining it to all living beings, and you will become more and more worshiping pagan incense and eating without having anything to do. ("Lushan Chronicle" 8, page 2, citing "Dong Chronicle".)

He clearly criticized the Song Dynasty's system of setting up sacrificial officials for Taoist palaces, and wanted to create a Confucian example from Bailu Cave to resist Taoism. He later wrote to Xiaozong, requesting for the academy to be given a place and a book. He said: Today, the palaces of the old Buddha are all over the world, most of them are more than a hundred, and the small towns are no less than dozens, and the public and private gains are still going on. As for the school, only one district was established in one county and one town, and there was no more county fork with an outline. The ups and downs are closely related to each other! (Ibid., page 3.)

This shows his intentions that day. The "White Deer Cave Regulations" he formulated were concise and clear, and became the educational purpose for later generations for seven hundred years.

There are three historical sites in Lushan Mountain that represent three major trends: (1) Huiyuan’s Donglin, which represents the major trends of China’s “boiling education” and the “Sinicization” of Buddhism. (2) Bailu Cave represents the general trend of Song Dynasty in modern China for seven hundred years. (3) Kuling represents the trend of Western culture invading China.

From Bailu Cave to Wanshan Temple. In ancient times, it was Qingqu'an and the residence of "Lü". In Jingde in the Song Dynasty, monk Dachao planted ten thousand fir trees, and the gods named it Wanshan. Later, Zen Buddhism became popular and it became a "Zen Temple". There is a poem by Zhang Xiaoxiang in the Southern Song Dynasty: There are ten thousand old stems towering into the sky, and there are floating pictures of the beautiful places in Mount Lu.

Just because I bought out the scenery in the mountain, I spent a hundred dendrobium beads from the dragon.

("Zhi" 5, page 64, quoted from "1 History".)

The fir trees we see today are as thick as thin bowls, and they were all planted in the past two years. of. There are several large camphor trees, one of which is the "Five-clawed Camphor", which is about three to four hundred years old. The "Guide" (editor's note refers to the "Lushan Guide") says that "all are from the Song Dynasty", which seems to be unfounded.

It is about two or three miles west of Wanshan Temple to Xiufeng Temple. In Wu's old "Zhi", there is no Xiufeng Temple, only Kaiguang Temple. Mao Deqi's "The New Rise of Mount Lu" (written in the 59th year of Kangxi's reign. I bought a copy at Haihui Temple. It was revised in the 10th year of Tongzhi, the second year of Xuantong, and the fourth year of the Republic of China. The number of volumes and pages noted in my diary are all Refers to this book. ) said:

Dinghai (1707), the monk of the temple went to Huaihe to welcome him, and the emperor wrote to Xiufeng Temple to grant him a forehead and change his name.

Mingguang Temple originated from Li Yi, the central lord of the Southern Tang Dynasty. Lord Li was fond of literature when he was young and studied in Lushan. Later, the first lord founded the country on behalf of the Yang family, and Li Yi became the crown prince and succeeded to the throne. He missed the Lushan Book Hall, so he built a temple there. Because of the auspiciousness of the founding of the country, it was named Kaixian Temple and was headed by monk Shaozong.

In the early Song Dynasty, he was named Kaixian Hua Zang; later Shan Siam became a Zen master with hundreds of followers. When he arrived at Xingying, he had a talent for managing affairs. Huang Shanshangu said, "The materials and tools can make things happen, and people and things can be used like turning stones across a stream of thousands of feet, and there is no dissatisfaction." Xingying made a wish to rebuild this temple.

Kai Xian's house Wuliu has four hundred couplets, six out of ten of which were completed in the Ying Dynasty. They are extremely magnificent and magnificent, and they were completed in nine years. (Huang Tingjian's "Record of the Construction of Kaixian Zen Monastery", "Zhi" 5, pp. 16-18.)

This was the heyday of Kaixian. When the name was changed during the reign of Emperor Kangxi, the emperor bestowed a gift on his forehead and the imperial book "Heart Sutra". At that time, "everyone in the world knew that Xiufeng Temple existed" (Lang Tingji's "Xiufeng Temple Records", "Zhi" 5, pp. 6-7.) At that time It can also be called the prosperous age. Today, only a dozen or so ruined houses remain in the so-called "poor, magnificent and beautiful" area at that time, and the rest are just ruins and ruins. On the reading table, there is a stele of Emperor Kangxi's visit to Mifu, which is still intact; under it there are stone inscriptions on Huangshangu's "Seven Buddhas" and a "stele of records of achievements and inscriptions" written by Wang Yangming and Zhengde Gengchen in March (1520), both of which are slightly damaged.

Although the temple is decadent and lamentable, the scenery outside the temple is superb. It is the best scenery in Shannan. The temple is located at the foot of Heming Peak, with Turtle Back Peak to the west, Huangshi Rock to the west, Youjian Peak to the west, and Xianglu Peak to the southwest, all of which are very strange and pleasant. There is Maweiquan Waterfall between Heming and Turtle Back, and there is waterfall water on the left side of the two swords; the two waterfalls and springs are far away from each other, almost parallel to each other, flowing into the ravine, converging into one water, bursting out of the mountain gorge, and becoming the most famous The wonderful scenery of Cricket Qingyu Gorge. The water flows out of the gorge and enters Longtan. Kunshan and Zuwang went to Qingyu Gorge first, but hesitated and refused to go, so they asked someone to urge us to see it. When Mengdan and I arrived at Chibian, we also lingered and refused to leave. There are many stone carvings on the gorge, including the characters "First Mountain" written by Emperor Mi, which are now copied and used as the inscription on the temple gate.

Xu Ning's poem "Now and in the past is as long as a white fly, and a boundary breaks through the green mountains", which is about the waterfall. Li Bai's poem "Waterfall Spring" also refers to this waterfall. There are many poems about waterfalls in the old "Zhi", but none of them satisfy people.

Go west about twelve miles from Xiufeng to Guizong Temple. We had lunch here, it was already around three o'clock in the afternoon, and we were very hungry. Guizong Temple is the largest temple in Lushan, but it is also in decline. I was lucky enough to find four volumes of "Guizong Temple Chronicles" in the temple, which were re-edited by Jiayin Xianqin and Benkun in the Republic of China. They were printed with movable type and contained many errors, but they can be used for my reference.

We had dinner and went to the hot springs. The hot spring is near Chaisang Bridge, about five or six miles away from Guizong Temple, in Yitiangou. After the rain, the water in the ditch is turbid, and there are two bubbling spots, which are hot springs. We set out to test it out, and found that one place was quite hot and the other was slightly less hot.

I bought three eggs from a farmer and put them in two places for about seven or eight minutes. Because it was raining, I took out the eggs and found that they were warm inside but not yet cooked. There is a new monument in Rilongjian. I went to see it. It was a notice from Xingzi County. It was signed in the twelfth year of the Republic of China. It said that I received a letter from Mr. Kang Nanhai about buying ten acres of land here and setting up a boundary monument as a record.

Mr. Kang died last year. If he had not died, he might have been able to build a bath house here. The land he bought spanned both sides of the hot spring. Today, the land is the private property of the Kang family, and the business is under the management of Haihui Temple. That Banhe may not have the insight to do this.

This place is not far from Lili, but the rain has come. We have to rush back to the sect and cannot visit Tao Yuanming's hometown. There is a stone tablet on the road with the characters "Chaisang Bridge" on it. The old "Zhi" has said, "The former residence of Yuanming is unknown today." (4, page 7.) Sancho Shu said that within a mile of Chaisang Bridge there is Yuanming's Drunken Stone. (4, page 6.) The old "Zhi" also said that there is a Wuliu Pavilion in Zuishi Valley.

The Guiqilai Pavilion was built by Zhu Xi, which is located next to Zuishi. Zhu Zi wrote Yan Zhenqing's "Drunken Stone Poems" in handwriting, and also wrote a long postscript, both of which were engraved on the stone. The year is July 7 of Chunxi Xinchou (1181). (4, page 8.) The two museum orders no longer exist, and the whereabouts of Zui Shi are also unknown. Mr. Zhuang Baiyu's "Travel Notes on Lushan Mountain" said that he once visited Zuishi, but no one in the village knew about it. Remember this for future travelers.

On the sedan chair this morning, I read Zhou Bida's "Lushan Houlu" recorded in the old "Zhi". It said that he visited Lili and asked for drunk stones. The Master Zhiyun said, "There is Tao Gong's Temple here. , There is no Lili." (14, page 18b.) This was already the case in the Southern Song Dynasty. It will be even more difficult for us to find this place seven hundred years later, so it is better to find it. There is a saying in "Houlu": A poem written by an ancient poet said: "Five-character high chants for a ladle of wine, Lushan Mountain will be like a weathercock through the ages."

To this day, the green willows outside the door are not willing to bend to the east wind.

I regret not remembering his name.

When I read this poem, I suddenly thought: Tao Yuanming refused to bend, so why did he love the willow tree that is the most capable of bending? I came back from the hot spring today and wrote a poem with this meaning: Tao Yuanming and his There was a Tao Yuanming in Wuliu who was greedy for wine at the expense of his life.

If you have a strong bone, you cannot bend your waist deeply. If you abandon your official position, you will come back empty-handed.

There is no rice in the urn, no strings on the harp, and the old wife and daughter walk barefoot.

The gentleman recited a poem and mocked himself, pointing at the five willow trees by the fence: "Look at him, so low in the wind! I don't have a waist like this."

At night at Guizong Temple overnight.