Botanical Garden (where plants are displayed) has detailed information.

Arboretum is a scientific research unit that investigates, collects, identifies, introduces, domesticates, preserves and promotes plants, and it is a garden that popularizes plant scientific knowledge and provides recreation for people. Plants in botanical gardens are generally cultivated in a planned way according to their different types. Although botanical gardens generally consider aesthetic concepts in layout and collection, its scientific use value is the most important, which is also the difference between it and ordinary ornamental gardens. Most botanical gardens are managed by universities or specialized scientific research institutions.

Chinese name: Botanical Garden mbth: Botanical Garden Location Brief Introduction, Botanical Garden Task, Botanical Garden Classification, Botanical Garden Design, World Botanical Garden and China Botanical Garden Brief Introduction. In BC 138, when Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, expanded Shanglin Garden in Chang 'an (now Xi 'an), he planted more than 2,000 kinds of precious fruit trees, exotic flowers and herbs from afar, which can be said to be the earliest embryonic form of botanical garden in the world. The "herb garden" mentioned in Sima Guang's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio in Song Dynasty is similar to the modern medicinal botanical garden. The Royal Autumn Botanical Garden officially opened on 184 1. The world's largest Kolkata Tropical Botanical Garden was built in 1787, and changed its name from 1947 to Indian Botanical Garden. The earliest botanical garden in China was the Nanjing Zhongshan Botanical Garden established in 1929. 1949, botanical gardens were established in Hangzhou, Beijing, Shenyang, Guangzhou and Wuhan. China Modern Botanical Garden was established late. The experimental farm for clearing agriculture (now Beijing Zoo) built in 1906 belongs to the Botanical Garden. Nanjing Zhongshan Botanical Garden built in 1929 and Lushan Forest Botanical Garden built in 1934 are also early modern botanical gardens in China. After 1954, in addition to the restoration, enrichment and expansion of the two botanical gardens in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, various types of botanical gardens or arboretums such as Hangzhou, Beijing, Kunming, Shenyang, Guangzhou, Wuhan, Harbin, Hainan, Guilin, Xishuangbanna, Nanning, Guizhou, Xiamen, Gannan, Nanyue and Shanghai have been established one after another. By 1986, there were more than 70 botanical gardens in China. The task of the Botanical Garden is to show, introduce, study and utilize the abundant plant resources in nature, especially the wild plant resources, which is the basic task of the Botanical Garden. Therefore, all botanical gardens take the collection, identification and preservation of plant germplasm resources, including rare, precious and endangered species, as the primary part of their work. At the same time, botanical garden is also an important garden for plant introduction and domestication, which plays an important role in adapting exotic plants to local growth conditions and increasing and transforming local cultivated plant species. Many famous botanical gardens also conduct research on plant classification, physiology, morphology, ecology and plant breeding. It is almost the work of all botanical gardens to popularize science in combination with scientific research and attach importance to popular science education in the park The method includes arranging various plant exhibition areas, supplemented by schematic descriptions of specimens, models, charts and characters; Hold special lectures and show slides, videos or movies; Publish books and periodicals and hold training courses. Classification and Scientific Research System of Botanical Gardens Botanical Gardens are large-scale and have a long history, and are the bases for comprehensive botany research. About 10% of the total number of botanical gardens in the world. Education System Botanical Gardens are mostly attached to the departments of biology, plants, horticulture and landscape architecture of universities, focusing on education. About 40% of the total. Garden system botanical gardens cooperate with urban greening construction, popularize science and provide leisure gardens. About 35% of the total. Production system botanical gardens, such as the arboretum of the Ministry of Forestry, the crop variety and variety garden of the Ministry of Agriculture, the medicinal botanical garden of the Ministry of Health and the aromatic botanical garden of the Ministry of Light Industry, account for about 15% of the total. The design and location of botanical gardens depend on their different types and tasks. Mainly for popular science sightseeing, it should be located in the suburbs with convenient transportation; Scientific research can be located in the outer suburbs. Both require sufficient moisture, deep soil layer and certain ups and downs in the terrain. The scale of Jinan Botanical Garden covering the world botanical garden varies greatly because of its nature and the purpose of building the garden. The smallest botanical garden, such as the greenhouse medicinal botanical garden of Minneapolis Institute of Medicine in the United States, is only 185.8 square meters. The largest exceeds 1 1333 hectares, such as Tuvumba Botanical Garden in Australia. But most of them are below 100 hectare. Zonal botanical gardens can generally be divided into two parts: exhibition areas or popular science tourist areas that are open to the outside world and scientific research and experimental areas that are not open to the outside world. About 35% of the total population popularize science and provide leisure gardens. Planning and design strive for the proper combination of scientific content and artistic form, reflecting certain garden characteristics. The exhibition area of botanical garden can be divided into the following categories: ① According to botanical disciplines, such as botanical garden, plant classification area, plant geography area, plant morphology area, aquatic, shade and psammophyte area. (2) according to the use of zoning, such as economic plants, medicinal plants, aromatic plants, fruit plants, etc. Some of them display living specimen plants in a simple way, which is called a specimen garden. (3) urban landscaping service zoning demonstration, such as hedgerows, lawns, ground cover plants, garden courtyard demonstration areas with continuous flowering, anti-pollution plants, characteristic gardens and bonsai plants, etc. The proportion of land allocation in different botanical gardens is different. The general proportion in the world is: exhibition area 45-60%, with a long history, experimental research area 10- 15%, nursery and breeding greenhouse 7- 10%, service management area 7- 10%, buildings, roads and squares. Forests and nature reserves are uncertain. The road system of the botanical garden should be able to guide tourists. The Royal Botanic Gardens Melbourne is located on Birdwood Avenue in South Yarra, Melbourne, Australia, about five kilometers south of the city center. Garden decoration19th century garden art, containing a large number of rare plants and Australian endemic plants. The Botanical Garden covers an area of 40 hectares and is one of the best designed botanical gardens in the world. See entry in English Yuan Qiu: Yuan Qiu. Paris Botanical Garden, France See the entrance: Paris Botanical Garden. The Montreal Botanical Garden of Paris Botanical Garden was established in 1932, covering an area of 66.77 hectares and collecting more than 20,000 species and varieties of plants. The park attaches importance to popular science education and is divided into many districts. The interior of the exhibition greenhouse is decorated with waterfalls, bridges and running water, and a variety of plants are planted to form various natural landscapes. In the construction of aquatic botanical garden, Yanling Huaboyuan Aquatic Botanical Garden covers an area of more than 26,000 square meters. It comprehensively uses the knowledge of architecture, horticulture, ecology and other disciplines for planning, design and construction, and maintains a beautiful environment with facilities control technology, agronomic cultivation and management technology, forming a functional pattern with green landscape plants as the mainstay, supporting landscape facilities as the supplement, and shale rockeries, waterfalls, bridges and bamboo pavilions. Make this area have catering function, ornamental function, leisure function, entertainment function, flower seedling promotion function, energy saving and environmental protection function, etc. In terms of plant species, aquatic botanical garden includes many combinations of foliage plants, flower plants, plastic plants and aquatic plants. With the help of hard landscape and lighting, the sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch of tourists are mobilized in many directions, so that visitors can feel immersive and embraced by nature when they come to the aquatic botanical garden. At the same time, visitors can fully feel the humanistic spirit in the construction of Huabo Garden. The General Botanical Garden of the Soviet Academy of Sciences was built in Moscow in 1945, with a total area of 388.5 hectares (nearly two thirds of which are natural forests). 20,000 species of plants and 2 million wax leaf specimens were collected. The park conducts research on plant introduction and domestication, cultivation methods, improved varieties, distant hybridization breeding and plant pest control, displays, introduces, studies and utilizes abundant plant resources in nature, cooperates with relevant departments to formulate urban greening plans, and leads the scientific research work of the whole Soviet Botanical Garden in a unified way. It is the highest plant science research institution in the Soviet Union. Indonesia Bogor Botanical Garden was founded in 18 17, located behind Bogor Palace, 60 kilometers away from the capital Jakarta, with an area of 88 hectares. It was not until the19th century that it increased to 96. Fuzhibodas Botanical Garden covers an area of 60 hectares, with natural forests 1200 hectares. As one of the most famous tropical botanical gardens in the world, it has collected more than 600 species of plants and more than 35,000 species of wax leaves in/kloc-0. Since Antonius Kaster established his garden in Rome in 1 century, the west has been the main center of Indonesian Botanical Garden. The main task is to introduce, cultivate and select tropical and subtropical ornamental plants and economic plants. The "herb garden" mentioned in Sima Guang's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio in Song Dynasty is famous for its ornamental flowers, tropical orchids, cinchona and other economic plants, as well as its collection of ferns, palms and bromeliads. Berlin Botanical Garden is the most important botanical garden in the world. Berlin Botanical Garden, located in the southwest of Leeds District, Staiger, is one of the most abundant botanical gardens in the world, with excellent plant varieties. There are more than 22,000 kinds of plants and flowers in the garden, which is a bright pearl in the German Botanical Garden. In the botanical garden, there is a botanical museum, a large exhibition hall for plant specimens and fossils, a science library and many art nouveau glass greenhouses. Among them, a greenhouse named "shed" is the largest glass room in the world. China Botanical Garden The main botanical gardens in China are Xinglong Tropical Botanical Garden, Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agriculture, Nanjing Zhongshan Botanical Garden, China Academy of Sciences, south china botanical garden, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Shenzhen Huxian Botanical Garden, Beijing Botanical Garden, Taipei Botanical Garden, Shanghai Botanical Garden, Xiamen Botanical Garden, Chengdu Botanical Garden, Shenyang Botanical Garden and Chongqing Botanical Garden. Qingdao Botanical Garden, Jinan Quancheng Park, Xi 'an Botanical Garden, Kunming Botanical Garden, Changsha Botanical Garden, Zhengzhou Botanical Garden, Urumqi Botanical Garden, Yinchuan Botanical Garden, Xining Botanical Garden, Lushan Botanical Garden, Lushun Botanical Garden, Tangshan Botanical Garden, Rizhao Botanical Garden, Guilin Botanical Garden, Tongling Botanical Garden and Shanghai Chen Shan Botanical Garden.