Three stages of the formation and development of international tourism

1, the development stage of foreign affairs reception tourism in China (1950~ 1977)

Before the reform and opening up, China's entry-exit control and household registration policies were very strict, and people's income level and living standard were still relatively low, so international travel and domestic travel were basically at a standstill. Tourism in this period is characterized by official reception characterized by government visits and foreign affairs reception characterized by diplomatic visits and inspections. A few business trips, but few. Real tourism, especially self-funded tourism, basically does not exist at this stage.

2. The initial stage of tourism in China (1978~ 1989).

After the reform and opening up, China's tourism development model has taken an unconventional development path, that is, the policy of "actively developing inbound tourism and giving consideration to domestic tourism". It can be said that during this period, the central government attached great importance to it, and the corresponding policies were relatively strong, which effectively promoted the development of tourism in China at that time, and made the tourism in China, which was in its initial stage, clear its development ideas and quickly get on the right track. According to the actual situation in China at that time, a development model suitable for domestic conditions was adopted, which made China's tourism industry form a relatively strong international tourism industry system in a short time, promoted the increase of inbound tourists and the rapid growth of tourism foreign exchange income, and played a more prominent role in regional economic development.

During this period, the so-called inbound tourism became an effective means of foreign exchange income generation, which strongly supported the development of central and local reform and opening up, made local governments pay more attention to tourism in the process of formulating and selecting economic development strategies, and further promoted the benign development of tourism.

3. The sustained high-speed growth stage of tourism in China (1990~2000).

In the 1990s, tourism developed in an all-round way, and its role in the national economy was further highlighted. In order to form a complete tourism industry system and improve the development model, the government has implemented a series of principles and policies in the development of tourism industry. At this stage, the policies adopted by the central government have changed as follows:

(1) At this stage, tourism has gone through the process from the establishment of industrial status to the cultivation of new growth points, further emphasizing the importance of tourism in economic and social development.

(2) This stage is the stage of tourism standardization. China has promulgated the 16 tourism standard, and the implementation of the standard has achieved remarkable results, which has promoted the service standardization.

(3) At this stage, the policy of the government-led tourism development model has undergone major changes: in addition to the previous policy of vigorously developing inbound tourism, measures have been put forward to actively develop domestic tourism and organize China citizens to travel abroad. Under the guidance of the general policy of "vigorously developing inbound tourism, actively developing domestic tourism and moderately developing outbound tourism" put forward by the National Tourism Administration, China's tourism market has broken the single pattern of focusing on inbound tourism in the past, and there have been three major markets: inbound tourism, domestic tourism and outbound tourism, forming a new pattern in which inbound tourism and domestic tourism go hand in hand.

Thanks to the favorable economic development situation and the encouragement and support of relevant policies, OCT theme parks were born in Shenzhen, the forefront of China's reform and opening up, including the "Chinese Folk Culture Village" opened in June 199 1 and the "Chinese Folk Culture Village" opened in June 18 and 1994. "Happy Valley" opened on September 30th, 1998 ... According to statistics, OCT tourist attractions received 5 1 10000 tourists throughout the year. (Note: the opening date of splendid china is1989165438+1October 22nd).

4. China's tourism industry is maturing and becoming a powerful tourism country (200 1 till now).

Stepping into the 2 1 century, in order to further accelerate the development of tourism, improve the industrial quality, and turn China into a powerful tourist country, the central government has adopted a series of policies and guidelines, and local governments have spared no effort to promote and support them. During this period, China's tourism has really ushered in the spring of great development. Many tourist cities have a clearer orientation and a very fast development speed, and a number of characteristic tourist cities have emerged, such as Sanya, Lijiang and Zhangjiajie. The development characteristics of this period are as follows:

(1) The process of tourism from cultivating new growth points to cultivating new growth highlights not only highlights the industrial status of tourism, but also shows the growth potential of tourism.

(2) The tourism development model has been further improved, basically forming a development model pattern with domestic tourism as the mainstay, inbound tourism as the leading factor and outbound tourism as the supplement. In particular, domestic tourism has been placed in an important position, highlighting the position and role of domestic tourism in the development of the whole tourism industry. In the past five years, the number of domestic tourists and domestic tourism income have increased rapidly and steadily in fluctuations.

(3) At this stage, the state has placed more emphasis on supporting the tourism industry, and has issued many policies (such as accelerating the pace of tourism development in western China and Tibet proposed by the 2002 Tourism Work Conference, and the Opinions on Accelerating Tourism Development issued by the State Council at the end of 2009). Starting from the most important link of tourism development (tourism infrastructure), the state has generally strengthened financial capital and human input, thus building a joint force for China's tourism development.

(4) This stage is the primary stage for China to become a tourism power. In order to improve its external influence, the central government has adopted a policy of reasonably guiding the healthy development of the outbound tourism market, and the number of outbound tourists has increased steadily and rapidly in the last five years.

In 2009, China's tourism industry developed well. The specific statistics are as follows:

In 2009, with the recovery and steady growth of China's economy, the total tourism revenue of China still reached 1.26 trillion yuan, an increase of 9.0%, accounting for 3.8% of the total GDP.

In 2009, the number of domestic tourists was about 65.438+09 billion, an increase of 654.38+065.438+0%. Domestic tourism revenue exceeded 1 trillion yuan, an increase of over 15%.

From 1 to1in 2009, the number of inbound tourists in China was1.1.50 billion, down 3% year-on-year; Foreign exchange income was about $39 billion, down 4.5%.

In 2009, the number of outbound tourists was about 47.5 million, a year-on-year increase of 3.6%.