The reclamation of Nanniwan reflects a spirit. What spirit is this?

The spirit of Nanniwan was created by the anti-Japanese soldiers and civilians represented by the 359th Brigade of the Eighth Route Army in the Nanniwan mass production movement, and it is a powerful spiritual force for China's * * * production party and its people's army to rise in difficulties and develop in hardships. Nanniwan spirit is the concrete embodiment of national spirit under specific historical conditions, the spiritual source that inspires countless people with lofty ideals to advance wave after wave and save people from fire and water, the precious wealth of our production party and the Chinese nation, and the important pillar of socialist spiritual civilization construction. Nanniwan Spirit has played an irreplaceable role in the process of China's revolution, construction and reform, and has important times value.

Chinese name

Nanniwan's spirit of self-improvement in farming

time

194 1 year to 1943

location

Yan 'an, Shaanxi

meaning

A powerful spiritual force developed in difficulties.

main content

The revolutionary spirit of self-reliance and hard struggle

The core and essence of Nanniwan spirit is hard work and self-reliance. 1941March, the 359th Brigade of the Eighth Route Army was stationed in Nanniwan, the south gate of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, training troops and reclaiming land. Nanniwan spirit with hard work and self-reliance as the core was cultivated and formed in the process of land reclamation.

When the 359 Brigade first entered Nanniwan, Nanniwan was still a sparsely populated place full of forests, thorns and wild animals. At that time, the soldiers described Nanniwan as follows: "Nanniwan, Niniwan, Fiona Fang Baili Mountain. Pheasants swarmed all over Shan Ye, and wolves and leopards swarmed around the forest. The beast has been in charge for more than a hundred years, and it is deserted. " The conditions are hard to imagine, but the vast number of commanders and soldiers said: "It takes hard work to make a revolution, and hard work can make a good revolution." The vast number of commanders and fighters actively carry forward the revolutionary spirit of self-reliance and hard struggle, overcome difficulties and create brilliance.

Without a house to live in, the soldiers camped first and lived in a simple tent made of branches. When clothes and quilts get wet in rainy days, we make a fire to keep warm, then build a straw shed and make caves, which solves the housing problem. When the food is not enough, black beans and elm money are mixed in the rice, and the brigade commander takes the lead, braving the snow and cold, and carrying food to places hundreds of miles away; Without food, the soldiers went to the mountains to dig wild vegetables (such as bitter vegetables and ground vegetables), find elm bark, collect wild eggs and hunt (wild boar, pheasant, etc.). ), and the fish in the river; If there is no burning, the soldiers will burn firewood and charcoal; It's hard to wear. Each soldier only issues one uniform a year, which is usually mended. In summer, he cultivated land with bare arms, fought wars, changed pants into shorts, shorts into shorts, and wore out the cloth of shorts into sandals, never wasting it. Without production tools, they do it themselves; Don't plow cattle, use hoes; If there is no lamp oil, use pine nuts or birch bark to roll into a tube as a lamp point; Lack of learning tools, using birch bark as paper and charcoal as pen; If there is no gun oil, collect wild almond oil instead. [2] When the troops are in trouble, they will tighten their belts; When production exceeds self-sufficiency, we still work hard and diligently. The brigade commander once issued a call to the whole brigade: "produce more and consume less." After 1942, the army has achieved self-sufficiency in grain, and still mixed melons, vegetables, sweet potatoes, yams and eggs into grain to make "eight-treasure rice", and still insisted on eating two dry and one thin meals every day. Since 194 1, the troops have basically never received quilts from their superiors. The cotton wool in the soldier's quilt has long been a knot in one's heart, but as soon as the new quilt is issued, no one wants it, saying, "If you don't beat the Japanese, you won't change the quilt." In a word, in a short period of three years, the 359 Brigade carried forward the revolutionary spirit of "self-reliance and hard struggle" and turned Nanniwan, which was full of thorns and desolate, into a great Jiangnan in northern Shaanxi where crops, cattle and sheep were everywhere. Nanniwan has therefore become a banner of the great production movement.

Investigation and realistic working methods

Nanniwan spirit is not only the revolutionary spirit of self-reliance and hard struggle, but also the working method of investigation and seeking truth from facts. The reason why the 359 Brigade and other organs went to Nanniwan for reclamation and production was not a whim of someone, but the scientific basis of the "Nanniwan Policy" of the CPC Central Committee on the premise that Zhu De and others had done a lot of practical and effective investigation and research work.

1940 In May, Zhu De returned to Yan 'an from the front. The sight of the war made him notice that in this protracted war, food and all kinds of materials will become important conditions for winning or losing. He proposed to put a strong and numerous labor force into the production movement, in order to reduce the burden on the people, close the relationship between the military and the people, and at the same time help the border area construction and improve the life of the troops themselves. In September, Zhu De, Dong, Xu Teli, Zhang Dingcheng and Wang Shoudao visited Nanniwan and Linzhen Town. 165438+1in mid-October, Zhu De formally put forward the idea of reclaiming wasteland by the army, instructing the army to reclaim wasteland without affecting its combat and training. [3] This idea was endorsed by Mao Zedong, Wang Zhen and Brigadier General of the 359 Brigade.

In order to understand the real situation of Nanniwan and prepare for the army's reclamation, in the spring of 194 1, Zhu De led Deng Jie, director of the Finance Department of the Central directly under the authority, Zuo Qi, political commissar of the 7 18 regiment of the 359th Brigade, and technicians to Nanniwan again to conduct a detailed investigation and study on the reclamation situation. During the reconnaissance, Zhu De and his party cut through thorns and waded through mountains and rivers during the day to observe the terrain and study measures. At night, simply build a shack and rest in the wild. During the reconnaissance, Zhu De visited a local fellow named Tang. Through the conversation, Zhu De learned about the specific situation of Nanniwan in terms of mountains, water, forests and roads. We all know in detail where there are many wasteland and fertile land, what crops are good to grow in four seasons and eight festivals, and how crops grow. Later, this surnamed tang native became a supernumerary "consultant" of the reclamation troops in the process of developing Nanwan.

After several days of reconnaissance, Zhu De knew the actual situation of Nanniwan like the back of his hand. Legend has it that the water here is poisonous and can't be drunk; They came with their own water. When he left, he took away local water samples and soil samples. Due to poor laboratory conditions in Yan 'an, he sent water samples and soil samples to Zhou Enlai, Chongqing, and asked him to find someone to test them. Finally, it is clear that water in some places is harmful to health because it has been soaked in rotten leaves for many years, and appropriate measures can be taken to solve it. This created conditions for the arrival of the reclamation army soon.

It can be seen that the military reclamation and reclamation in Nanniwan embodies the fine tradition and work style of China * * * Production Party that always pays attention to investigation and seeking truth from facts, and has also become an important part of Nanniwan spirit.

Unite up and down to overcome difficulties.

The 359th Brigade launched the land reclamation production movement in Nanniwan under very difficult circumstances, but the China Production Party and its people's army under its leadership, full of revolutionary optimism and heroism, will not be intimidated by any difficulties. In the mass production movement, the fine style of "the army and the people unite as one and see who can be the enemy in the world", unified thinking, teamwork, equality between officers and men, unity from top to bottom, and * * * to tide over the difficulties together are also important contents of Nanniwan spirit.

In the large-scale production movement, the 359 brigade, from brigade commander to orderly and cook, was incorporated into the production team, sharing weal and woe and overcoming difficulties together. Under the leadership of Wang Zhen, cadres at all levels fought in the front line of agricultural reclamation, shouldering the same production tasks as soldiers. The difference is that whenever there are difficulties, the cadres always rush ahead, and truly lead the production "not pointing fingers, but hands-on". Wang Zhen is a brigade commander and political commissar, and also serves as the leader of Yan 'an military sub-zone and prefectural party committee, but he has always lived in Nanniwan, rarely stays in Yan 'an, and often takes time to take part in labor. Wang Zhen was named as a labor hero of mass production movement in the border area because of his outstanding achievements in organizing and leading the production of the whole brigade A foreign reporter interviewed in the border area sincerely praised: "Wang's hands are as calloused as his subordinates because of labor." [4] Su Jin, deputy brigade commander, and Wang Enmao, deputy political commissar, also cultivated land in the mountains. Su Ao, the head of the supplementary regiment who was injured in 15 in the battle, also often took part in labor. Zuo Qi, political commissar of the 7 18 regiment of the 359th Brigade, lost his left arm in the anti-Japanese battlefield, so he couldn't open up wasteland with a hoe, so he cooked and boiled water for the soldiers and sent them up the mountain. Battalion cadres and soldiers work, produce and study together. For example, Xue, the company commander of the 9th Regiment of 7 18 Regiment, participated in the land reclamation competition, worked continuously for 15 hours and dug 5.46 mu of land, winning the first place in the whole brigade.

It is precisely because of the solidarity of officers and men that soldiers are in the same boat with officers and even give their lives at critical moments. It is precisely because leading cadres take the lead in setting an example that morale and spirit are greatly boosted and directly transformed into cohesion and combat effectiveness. With the excellent style of equality between officers and men, unity from top to bottom, and * * * overcoming difficulties, Nanniwan, a "virgin land" that nobody cares about, has finally revived in the hands of the 359 Brigade. While making great contributions to the revolution in China, the 359th Brigade has also cultivated the timeless spirit of Nanniwan.

The enterprising spirit of being brave in creation and being the first.

Nanniwan's spirit of self-reliance and hard struggle is not only a kind of struggle spirit of facing difficulties, going forward bravely, having fun in hardships and striving for strength, but also a kind of struggle and enterprising spirit of being brave in creation and being the first.

China has a tradition of army land reclamation in history, but there is no precedent in the history of China's * * * Production Party. Commander-in-Chief Zhu De put forward the idea of reclaiming farmland, which itself embodies a positive enterprising spirit of being brave in creation, positive change, unconventional and pioneering. This spirit is an important spiritual source for the development and growth of China * * * party member, and it is also an important connotation of Nanniwan spirit. In the process of reclamation in Nanniwan, the officers and men of the 359 Brigade carried forward and cultivated the enterprising spirit of being brave in creation and being the first.

As mentioned earlier, when the 359 brigade first arrived in Nanniwan, it faced great difficulties in production and life. Without the enterprising spirit of being brave in creation, being good at innovation and being the first, survival will be a problem, not to mention making such great achievements in just two or three years. At that time, Nanniwan was vast and sparsely populated, and no one had planted rice. Most of the soldiers of the 359th Brigade come from Jiangxi and Hunan. They found that Nanniwan is rich in water resources and its geographical climate is different from other places in northern Shaanxi. So they broke the tradition and convention of planting only dry land in northern Shaanxi, combined the experience of planting rice in the south with the ecology of Nanniwan, and tried to plant rice to open up paddy fields and achieved success.

At that time, the conditions were difficult and there were not enough production tools. Without professional technicians in the 359th Brigade, they used scrap metal to make tools. These tools look simple and crude today, but at that time they were all from scratch, from old to new, and from scratch, which was not easy. In the production of land reclamation, the soldiers also invented different ways of land reclamation according to the different conditions in mountainous areas and peaceful areas, such as land reclamation from top to bottom at the same time in mountainous areas; When reclamation is carried out on the flat land, the way of breakthrough in the central area is chosen, which greatly improves the reclamation efficiency. While clearing land to solve the problem of food and vegetable supply, the soldiers also engaged in animal husbandry and raised cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens, ducks and other livestock and poultry to meet everyone's demand for meat. Later, they also opened shops, cooperatives and diversified businesses, insisted on the simultaneous development of agriculture, industry and commerce, and solved the supply problem of other daily necessities for the army. Therefore, when Mao Zedong wrote the inscription "Creative Spirit" to Brigadier General Wang Zhen, it was a praise and affirmation of the enterprising spirit of the 359th Brigade.

In a word, the cultivated land of 359 Brigade in Nanniwan gave birth to Nanniwan spirit. Through the development of this spirit, the Chinese production party and the people's army led by it have weathered the difficulties, won the victory of the new-democratic revolution from small to large, and made the spirit of Nanniwan shine through time and space forever, which has very important times value.

trend of the times

The core of Nanniwan spirit is the entrepreneurial spirit of self-reliance and hard struggle. This spirit. Although this spirit is the revolutionary spirit cultivated by Mao Zedong and the CPC Central Committee during the Yan 'an period, its influence and function have far exceeded the scope of Nanniwan and 359 Brigade in space, but reached the whole army, the whole party and the whole country; In time, it has also spanned the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, continuously extended to the period of liberation war, the period of socialist construction and now, and will continue to extend to the distant future. Therefore, inheriting and carrying forward the spirit of Nanniwan is of great practical significance to the great cause of building Socialism with Chinese characteristics today.

(1) Carrying forward the Nanniwan spirit of arduous struggle is a strategic need to build a well-off society in an all-round way and basically realize China's socialist modernization from the realistic national conditions. Since the founding of New China, especially since the reform and opening up, China's economic and social development has made great achievements that have attracted worldwide attention. We have every reason to be proud of our brilliant achievements, but we must not be complacent, because this is only a solid step on the great journey. We must see that our country has a large population and a weak foundation, and its per capita GNP is still behind the world. Compared with developed countries, our national conditions in education, science and culture have not really changed, and we have paid some new costs in our development. It can be said that the current large population, relatively insufficient resources, weak environmental carrying capacity, unbalanced regional development and widening gap in personal income and living standards have become the main bottlenecks restricting China's economic and social reform and development. In the coming period, this situation will not only exist, but may further deteriorate. Therefore, under such conditions, we must wage an arduous struggle for building a socialist modern country. As early as the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Comrade Mao Zedong emphasized that "it is a great contradiction to make all cadres and people always think that China is a big socialist country but a poor country with backward economy. It will take decades of hard work to make our country rich and strong, including implementing the policy of building the country through thrift and opposing waste. " [5] In the early days of reform and opening up, Comrade Deng Xiaoping also pointed out: "We should always remember that our country is large, with a large population and a weak foundation. Only through long-term struggle can we catch up with the level of developed countries. ..... we must make up our minds to fight for a long time. All along, we must advocate and practice our efforts. " [6] In the new historical period, General Secretary Hu Jintao emphasized in the report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China: "All Party comrades must clearly realize that it will take more than ten years to realize the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way, and it will take several generations, a dozen generations or even dozens of generations to basically realize modernization." To this end, we are required to "guard against arrogance and rashness, work hard, keep in mind the basic national conditions in the primary stage of socialism, and make unremitting efforts for the cause of the party and the people." [7] It can be seen that Nanniwan's spirit of self-reliance and hard struggle not only conforms to China's national conditions in the primary stage of socialism, but also conforms to the party's consistent basic line, principles and principles of socialist construction. At present, vigorously advocating and carrying forward the spirit of Nanniwan is a strategic need to build a well-off society in an all-round way and basically realize China's socialist modernization.

(2) Carrying forward the Nanniwan spirit of hard struggle is to strengthen the construction of socialist spiritual civilization, and to enhance the "soft power" of Chinese culture requires both material civilization and spiritual civilization. The coordinated development of economic construction, political construction, cultural construction and social construction is the goal and overall layout of Socialism with Chinese characteristics's construction. The reform and opening up and the establishment of the socialist market economy have greatly liberated China's productive forces and promoted the rapid economic and social development. However, it should be noted that opening to the outside world will bring some decadent capitalist things and negative effects, and the market also has its own weaknesses and negative aspects, which are easy to encourage or induce cheating, unscrupulous smuggling, manufacturing or selling fake and shoddy goods, tax evasion, profiteering, corruption and bribery, trading in power and money, prostitution, drug abuse and drug trafficking, and worshipping foreign things. At present, money worship, hedonism and extreme individualism are rampant in our society, and ugly phenomena such as pornography, gambling, drugs and feudal superstition, which disappeared in the early days of liberation, have resurfaced. If these thoughts and phenomena are allowed to spread and develop, it will inevitably corrupt the social atmosphere, corrode the people's will to struggle and damage the cultural "soft power" of the Chinese nation, and culture has increasingly become the source of national cohesion and creativity and an important factor in the competition of comprehensive national strength. Therefore, since the reform and opening up, the party and the government have always insisted on "putting socialist spiritual civilization construction in a more prominent position", demanding "persistently strengthening the fine traditional education of hard struggle and advocating dedication and entrepreneurship". Jiang Zemin pointed out: "If a country or a nation does not advocate hard work and building the country through diligence and thrift, and people just want to enjoy the achievements of material civilization created by their predecessors, it is to seek pleasure instead of progress. Then, such a country and such a nation have no hope and will not decline. " Hu Jintao also stressed: "A nation without the support of the spirit of hard struggle is a country without the support of the spirit of hard struggle, and it is difficult to develop and progress;" A political party without the support of hard struggle is difficult to thrive. " [9] This fully shows that the spirit of self-reliance and hard struggle is extremely important for the existence and development of a country and a nation. Under the new historical conditions, inheriting and carrying forward the spirit of Nanniwan and educating the broad masses of cadres and party member, especially the youth, can promote the construction of socialist spiritual civilization and enhance the cultural soft power of the Chinese nation. Only in this way can we fully mobilize the enthusiasm, creativity and labor enthusiasm of hundreds of millions of people, overcome all kinds of difficulties and obstacles on the road ahead, realize the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way, and finally build China into a more prosperous society with happier people's lives and more obvious advantages in Socialism with Chinese characteristics.

(3) Carrying forward the spirit of hard struggle in Nanniwan is an urgent need to strengthen the style construction of the ruling party and maintain the advanced nature of the party under the new historical orientation. The spirit of hard work belongs to the style of the party, but it is closely related to the advanced nature of the party. The nature of the party's vanguard of the working class determines that our party and cadres at all levels must consciously carry forward the spirit of hard struggle and faithfully practice the party's fundamental purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly. During the Yan 'an period, relying on the magic weapon of hard struggle, our party cultivated a good party style, formed and consolidated flesh-and-blood ties with the people, and enhanced and maintained the advanced nature of the party. The practice of the Party's leadership in revolution and construction proves that if we persist in and carry forward the spirit of hard struggle, the Party will be full of vigor and vitality and continue to grow and develop. Otherwise, the party's cause will be damaged, and even suffer serious setbacks. Today, our party has been in power for a long time under the conditions of reform and opening up and developing market economy. This historical position will easily cause some leading cadres in party member, especially in party member, to be divorced from the masses, and all kinds of corruption will occur, which will damage the advanced nature of the Party. To this end, strengthening the construction of the party's style of work has become a major issue of party building in the new period.

Vigorously carrying forward the spirit of hard struggle is conducive to our party's close ties with the people and better realizing and safeguarding the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people. The people are the foundation of our governance and the source of strength. In the 90 years since the founding of the party, all the struggles of our party have, in the final analysis, been for the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the people, which is also the concentrated embodiment and fundamental symbol of the party's advanced nature. Since the founding of the Party, our Party has regarded hard work as a link to keep close contact with the masses and an inexhaustible motive force to serve the people wholeheartedly. With this spirit, it means that you have the indomitable spirit of perseverance and tenacious struggle, the enterprising spirit of self-improvement and courage to take responsibility, the unremitting pursuit of giving up one's life and selfless dedication, the pragmatic style of hard work and thrift, the sober attitude of being prepared for danger in times of peace, and the noble integrity of being rich but not obscene and being poor but not humble. Only political parties and party cadres with this spirit can care for the masses and sincerely seek benefits for them; Only in this way can we win the trust and support of the people, unite the strength of the whole nation and forge ahead courageously towards lofty goals. Under the new situation, only by persisting in hard work and sharing weal and woe with the people can our party enhance its ability to resist corruption, change and risks, maintain close ties with the people, represent their fundamental interests and gain inexhaustible strength, keep pace with the times, blaze new trails and maintain the advanced nature of the party forever.

In a word, Nanniwan spirit is the fusion of national spirit and the spirit of the times. The revolutionary spirit of self-reliance and hard struggle in Nanniwan spirit has become a part of the national spirit and has actually become a powerful spiritual pillar of the Chinese nation. This spirit is an ambition for survival and development, a self-confidence and the soul of our nation. It is in this spirit that the Communist Party of China (CPC) led the people to overcome all kinds of difficulties and obstacles on the road ahead and won great victories in the cause of revolution, construction and reform. It is this spirit that has enabled countless people with lofty ideals to advance wave after wave and find the road to the free liberation of the Chinese nation. It is precisely because of this that General Secretary Hu Jintao pointed out in his speech celebrating the success of China's first manned space conference: "No matter in the past, present or future, hard work will always be an important magic weapon for us to overcome all difficulties and win the cause." The spirit of Nanniwan, with self-reliance and hard struggle as its core, will never be out of date, and will always inspire the outstanding sons and daughters of the Chinese nation to make unremitting efforts for national unity, national rejuvenation, social harmony and people's happiness.