When can I play in the enclosed houses in southern Jiangxi?

Opening hours of enclosed houses in southern Jiangxi: all day.

Introduction of enclosed houses in southern Jiangxi;

Among the green mountains and green waters in southern Jiangxi, the most striking and vicissitudes of cultural landscape should be the Hakka dwellings called enclosed houses located on the border of southern Jiangxi. Gannan Wai House, the full name of Gannan Hakka Wai House, is mainly distributed in longnan county (Longnan Town), dingnan county (Lishi Town), quannan county (Chengxiang Town), Xinfeng County (Jiading Town), Anyuan County (Xinshan Town) and Xunwu County (Changning Town) in Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province. The residential buildings around Gannan are dotted with green mountains and green waters, which are scattered in the ancient villages of Gannan. Sometimes they are graceful and vigorous, like a thousand-year-old man who has gone through vicissitudes but still has warmth. With its heavy sense of history and unique cultural taste, it attracts literati of all ages to stop and marvel.

Historical Causes Gannan Wai House was produced in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, and now there are more than 500 houses, mainly distributed in Longnan, Dingnan, Quannan, Xinfeng, Anyuan, Xunwu and other places. In history, Gannan, known as "the south is rich and the north is Zhongzhou", is the crossroads of Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong and Hunan according to the important meeting of Wuling. Therefore, the county government was established in the Qin and Han dynasties, and by the end of the Han dynasty, there was an administrative agency at the government level. In the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, the Central Plains declined, and Gannan was vast, sparsely populated and relatively remote and quiet. Therefore, it has become an ideal refuge for people who avoid chaos. A large number of refugees from the Central Plains poured into Gannan. By the early Northern Song Dynasty, the population of foreign immigrants had increased tenfold, which greatly changed the composition of residents and the traditional cultural structure at that time. As a result, in this specific historical and geographical environment, a new Hakka of a special ethnic group was slowly bred. At the same time and afterwards, Hakka ancestors or Hakkas who moved from the Central Plains to southern Jiangxi moved to western Fujian and eastern Guangdong.

Compared with western Fujian and eastern Guangdong, which are both Hakka settlements, the time to establish a county was much earlier. The Qin Dynasty established Nanshu County (now Nankang or Dayu County). According to Huainanzi, in order to unify the south of the motherland, Qin Shihuang ordered the general Tu Weiyue to lead 500,000 troops to March into Baiyue in five ways. After the success, one of them was left to guard the southern Sichuan border. This is the earliest record in the history books that Han people from the Central Plains entered Gannan. This is the origin and predecessor of Hakka formation. In the later historical evolution, Hakka formed a unique group among the residents in southern Jiangxi, and the enclosed houses in southern Jiangxi formed a unique cultural landscape of Hakka dwellings. According to Wan Younan's investigation and study, enclosed houses, as the name implies, are closed houses. Its outer wall is not only the load-bearing outer wall of the enclosure, but also the defensive wall of the whole enclosure. Its door numbers are such as Pan 'anwei and Long Guangwei.

The structure and characteristics of enclosed houses in southern Jiangxi are large and small. The small one is 50-60 square meters, with only three rooms, called the cat cabinet, the large one is 10000 square meters, and the largest Longnan Li Yuanwei covers an area of 37,000 square meters. Houses around Gannan can be divided into two types: mouth type and Chinese character type. Its shape is mostly square, but also round, semi-circular and irregular. The structural form consists of concrete, river pebbles, blue bricks and stones.

The enclosed houses in southern Jiangxi are solid dwellings with the characteristics of fresh name defense, and they are the combination of ancient temples, dwellings and castles. They have strong defensive function and social clan affinity. Surrounded by simple fenced houses, usually with two or three floors or as many as four floors, it is a cantilever balcony structure. There is also an ancestral hall within the larger wall; The bigger one is a multi-layer enclosure. The outer walls of the paddock are mostly solid walls made of river stones, granite, bluestone and blue bricks, with a thickness of two meters. Internal granaries, wells, sewers and so on are readily available. This kind of powder building is easy to defend but difficult to attack, which is simply an independent kingdom and a small city. The external wall of the paddock is 1 m thick (swallow-wing wall 1.45 m thick) and is three or four stories high. There are all kinds of bunkers protruding outward and upward at the four corners.

In order to eliminate the dead angle, some put corners on the bunkers and cantilever a single small bunker. There are rows of blastholes on the top floor around. The door wall is particularly thick, the door frame is made of huge stones, and the thick wooden door is nailed with iron sheets. There are many doors behind the board door, and there are also heavy toilets behind the doors. There is also a leak at the top of the door to prevent fire attack. Except for a few large enclosures, there is generally only one enclosure door. Rooftop houses are mostly used for combat readiness, and 2/3 of the inner walls of the walls are connected as circular wall-clamping corridors, which is convenient for time-consuming personnel to maneuver. There are wells dug in the enclosed house, and there are many grain and grass storage rooms. Some also use ferns, or paint walls with glutinous rice flour, brown sugar and egg white. If you are sleepy for a long time and lack food, you can peel them off to satisfy your hunger. The enclosed houses in southern Jiangxi are mostly square, with strong towers at four corners (a few symmetrical). The outer wall is a solid closed body, covered with guns and eyes, and its appearance is rigorous and cold, giving people a feeling of being impregnable. The most representative enclosed house in Gannan

The most representative existing enclosed houses are: Guanxi Xinwei in Longnan, Yiyanwei in Yangcun, Longguangwei in Taojiang, Gangdongsheng Wai in Anyuan Town and Egongtian Xinwei in Dingnan.

Standing in front of the castle-like round house in Yi Yan, facing the two heavy closed doors, I can suddenly feel that once in the deep heart of the guests, there was a sense of loneliness that could not be eliminated for a long time after being far away from home, and a deep anxiety that drifted away. It should be said that enclosure is a portrayal of residents' complex mentality, and it is the internal presentation of their attention to the living environment and their efforts to create a quiet life. Guests live among the stable mountains and rivers in southern Jiangxi, and the hidden pain of turmoil and war has been an endless warning to them for generations.

Walking into Wushiwei, or wandering on the circular gravel road, walking through the maze-like corridor, or overlooking the quiet and clear old well and looking up at the tall gate in front of the temple, you can walk into a long time with a curious heart and enter a Hakka life situation. It seems that I have entered a well-structured, well-organized and polite family, and I was both delighted by the once prosperous scene of a family and warmed by the strong atmosphere of life.

For thousands of years, countless Hakka enclosed houses standing on the land of southern Jiangxi have given families far away from home a safe living space with their solid and tight bodies, which has continued the blood and fragrance environment. Because of this enclosure, the wandering life can be settled, and the original turbulent heart can have a warm home to convert to. For thousands of years, Hakka residence has not been a guest residence, because with such closed houses, generations of Hakka descendants will affectionately regard Gannan as their hometown and their basic living point when they walk out of Gannan and enter the wider world.

The enclosed houses in southern Jiangxi are not only the cultural landscape that melts between green mountains and clear waters, but also the spiritual home that warms the Hakkas for a long time.