Why is Hunan called Sanxiang and Four Rivers? Why is it so called? What does Sanxiang represent and what does Four Rivers represent?

Because Sanxiang and Four Rivers describe the geographical features of Hunan with Dongting Lake as the center.

1. There is no unified view on what Sanxiang represents.

(1) The abbreviations of Xiaoxiang, Zhengxiang and Yuanxiang refer to the entire territory of Hunan.

Sanxiang is named after Dongting Lake’s unique geographical and cultural status in Hunan. The plains and hilly areas radiating from Dongting Lake are the political, economic and cultural center of Hunan, and are called "Xiangzhong"; the Xuefeng Mountains in the west are called "Xiangxi", and the area in the south near the Nanling Mountains is called "Xiannan".

(2) The collective name of Lixiang, Xiaoxiang and Zhengxiang.

The source of the Xiang River and the confluence with the Li River are called Lixiang, the middle reaches are called Xiaoxiang after the confluence with the Xiaoshui River, and the lower reaches are called Zhengxiang after the confluence with the Zhengshui River, hence the name "Sanxiang".

(3) The collective name of Xiaxiang, Zhongxiang and Shangxiang.

Xiangxiang is lower Xiang, Xiangtan is middle Xiang, and Xiangyin is upper Xiang, collectively known as "Three Hunan". In the old days, Xiangxiang was called Shangxiang and Xiangtan was called Zhongxiang.

(4) The general name for the three regions of Northern Hunan, Western Hunan and Southern Hunan, generally refers to the entire province of Hunan.

2. The four rivers refer to the four famous rivers in Hunan: Xiangjiang, Zijiang, Yuanjiang, and Lishui, which eventually merge into Dongting Lake.

Extended information

Historical evolution of Hunan Province:

There have been ancient human activities in Hunan as far back as the Paleolithic Age. Humans began planting rice here more than 12,000 years ago, and Hunan's ancestors began to settle here 5,000 years ago.

In primitive society, Hunan was the land of Sanmiao, Baipu and Yangyue (a branch of Baiyue).

Hunan was the southern border of Jingzhou during the Xia, Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it belonged to the two counties of Cangwu and Dongting of the State of Chu. Qin Shihuang established two counties in central Guizhou and Changsha;

In the early Western Han Dynasty, it belonged to the Changsha Kingdom. After Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, it came under the jurisdiction of the Jingzhou Prefecture, with jurisdiction over Wuling County, Guiyang County, Lingling County and Changsha County; during the Three Kingdoms period, it belonged to the Wu Kingdom. Jingzhou was established as Zhaoling County and became one of the five counties in Jingnan;

Jingzhou and Guangzhou were part of the Western Jin Dynasty; Jingzhou, Xiangzhou and Jiangzhou were part of the Eastern Jin Dynasty; Hunan was part of the Southern Song, Qi and Liang Dynasties Prefecture, Yingzhou and a small part of Jingzhou were divided into Jingzhou and Yuanzhou in the Chen Dynasty of the Southern Dynasty; Eight counties including Wuling, Yuanling, Liyang, Baling, Hengshan, Guiyang, and Lingling;

In the 21st year of Kaiyuan (733) of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, it belonged to Shannan East Road, Jiangnan West Road and Qianzhong Road, Qianzhong Road Qianzhou Dudufu, Tang Dynasty Zong Guangde established the Hunan Observatory in Hengzhou in the second year of his reign (764). From then on, the name "Hunan" began in the history of Chinese administrative divisions;

Five Dynasties During the Ten Kingdoms period, Ma Yin occupied Hunan and established the Chu State, with Changsha as its capital.

The Song Dynasty divided the country into roads, with prefectures, prefectures, military and prisons under the roads, each administering several counties. Hunan is mainly on Jinghu South Road.

The Yuan Dynasty implemented the provincial system. Hunan belongs to Huguang Province. The Yuan Dynasty government also implemented the chieftain system in the ethnic minority settlements in western Hunan, and established more than 10 long lawsuits or barbarian chief lawsuits, which were respectively subordinate to the Sizhou Military and Civilian Appeasement Department, the Xintian Geman Appeasement Department, and the Yongshun Province of Sichuan Province. Jurisdiction.

During the Ming Dynasty, Hunan belonged to the Huguang Chief Envoy Department.

In the third year of Emperor Kangxi's reign in the Qing Dynasty, the Huguang Envoy and Inspectorate Department was established, and both the Right Chief Envoy and Governor Pianyuan of Huguang were stationed in Changsha. The province of Huguang was divided into north and south, and Hunan was established as an independent province. In the third year of Emperor Kangxi's reign (1664) in the Qing Dynasty, Hunan Province was established. In the first year of Yongzheng's reign (1723), the Hunan Chief Envoy Department was established. In the second year of Yongzheng's reign, Governor Pianyuan was renamed Governor of Hunan.

During the Republic of China, Hunan abolished the government, department, and state levels and retained the road and county levels. In the third year of the Republic of China (1914), Hunan Province established four roads: Xiangjiang Road, Hengyang Road, Wuling Road, and Chenyuan Road, with counties under their jurisdiction.

In October of the fifth year of the Republic of China (1916), the provincial government abolished Wuling Road, Changde, Yueyang, Pingjiang, Linxiang, Huarong, Hanshou, Yuanjiang, Lixian, Anxiang, Linli, and Nanxian Eleven counties are placed under Xiangjiang Road, and 4 counties, namely Taoyuan, Shimen, Cili, and Dayong, are placed under Chenyuan Road. Hunan Province was divided into three lanes, and the three lanes divided into Hunan continued until the lane system was abolished.

In the 11th year of the Republic of China (1922), the Dao system was abolished, leaving only the provincial and county levels. In December of the 26th year of the Republic of China (1937), the Office of the Administrative Supervision Commissioner was generally established, and Hunan Province was divided into nine districts; in the 27th year of the Republic of China (1938), Hunan Province was adjusted to 10 administrative inspection districts; in the 29th year of the Republic of China ( In April 1940), Hunan Province was adjusted into 10 administrative inspection districts, each with jurisdiction over 6-10 counties, and two provincial cities, Changsha City and Hengyang City, were established.

Before the Nationalist Government retreated to Taiwan in the 38th year of the Republic of China (1949), Hunan Province had 2 cities, 10 administrative inspection districts, and 77 counties, and the Hunan Provincial Government was based in Changsha.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the prefecture-level city of Changsha was established in 1949, the prefecture-level city of Zhuzhou was established in 1956, and 7 cities including Changsha, Hengyang, Chenxian, Changde, Yiyang, Shaoyang, and Yongzhou Directly under the jurisdiction of the Xiangxi Administrative Region and the three special districts of Yongshun, Yuanling and Huitong.

As of September 12, 2017, Hunan Province’s *** plan is divided into 14 regions (13 prefecture-level cities and 1 autonomous prefecture), 122 county-level administrative regions, including 35 municipal districts and 17 counties. Level cities, 63 counties and 7 autonomous counties.

On June 19, 2018, the State Council officially approved the abolition of Zhuzhou County and the establishment of Lukou District, Zhuzhou City. Taking the original administrative area of ??Zhuzhou County as the administrative area of ??Lukou District, the People's Government of Lukou District is located at No. 1, Xuetang Road, Lukou Town.

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