202 1 world space launch activity forecast! (with detailed list)

This is a report from the future!

On 202 1 18, American space exploration technology company launched Falcon -9 rocket from Cape Canaveral Air Force Base, sending a Turkish communication satellite into the sky, which started the first shot of rocket launch and competition in the new year. In 20021year, there will be many new miracles and technologies in the world space launch, and the key launches of various countries have aroused widespread concern, reflecting the changes in the world space from many trends.

In 20021year, the world space launch is expected to have 10 characteristics and achievements.

(Figure) "Shenzhou" spacecraft soars in space

According to the current statistics, in 20021year, there were about 100 space launches in the world, including about 60 planned launches and 40 planned launches. The United States is preparing to launch 45 times; Russia is preparing to launch 24 times; China's space launch may exceed 40 times, reaching a new high. American Space Exploration Technology Corporation will launch 24 times, including 14 times to launch the "Star Chain" Internet satellite.

However, the rocket preparation for launch will change, and most planned launches will not be completed. In 20021year, countries will report new launch plans, and the number of launches may set a new record. According to the forecast, in 20021year, the number of launches in the United States will remain the first, China may be the second and Russian the third.

(Figure) The American Falcon heavy rocket was launched.

(Figure) The Long March -5B carrier rocket is being tested.

In 20021year, the number of spacecraft launches reported by countries will exceed 1000, exceeding 2020. American Space Exploration Technology Company will launch the "Star Chain" Internet satellite 14 times and send 790 "Star Chain" satellites into space. 654381On October 24th, American Space Exploration Technology Company launched a Falcon -9 rocket which was recycled many times, and sent 143 satellites into the sky, setting a new world space launch record.

China's manned spaceflight project has been fully transferred to the preparatory stage of building the "Tiangong-1" space station. In 200212022, China is expected to launch1kloc-0/mission, including the core module of the space station, two experimental modules, four manned spacecraft and four cargo spacecraft. In 20021year, China may launch three satellites of Argentinian satellite logic company, each time 13. If successful, China will set a record for launching satellites.

According to the forecast, in 20021year, the number of spacecraft launched by the United States will rank first, China second and Russia third, but Russia is both a big satellite and a spaceship.

(Figure) Meteorological Satellite

In 20021year, the United States and Russia will launch eight manned spacecraft into space and the International Space Station. The Russian Federation -MS manned spacecraft will perform three tasks. The manned "Dragon" spacecraft of American Space Exploration Technology Company flew twice, and the "Axiomatic Space-1" tourist spacecraft flew 1 time, carrying astronauts and space tourists for the International Space Station.

In 20021year, Boeing's Starline manned spacecraft will make its first flight. The "Interstellar Line" has a diameter of 4.56 meters, a length of 5.03 meters, a volume of 1 1 m3, an emission mass of 13000 kg, and can carry up to 7 crew members. Free flight for 60 hours, grounded for 2 10 days, reusable 10 times.

Starline's command module is welded, with a diameter of 4.56 meters, which is slightly larger than Apollo and smaller than Orion. A return module was added to the command module to provide additional protection when the atmosphere dropped sharply. The service module provides power and electricity for the spacecraft.

In 20 19, "interstellar line" has undergone two flight tests. According to the plan: on March 29th, 20021year, Starline will conduct an unmanned test flight. In June and July, Starline made its first manned test flight and docked with the International Space Station. The astronauts are Barry Wilmore, who went into space three times, Michael Fink, who flew four times, and Nicole Anuap Mann, a female astronaut.

What is most worth celebrating is that in 20021year, China's Shenzhou-12 spacecraft may fly and dock with the core module of the Tiangong-1 space station. China Aerospace has planned six missions, including Long March -5B rocket, Tianhe core module, shenzhou spaceship and Tianzhou spacecraft.

(picture) "Starline-1" spacecraft

"(Figure) Starline" flight test astronauts (from left: Michael Fink, Barry Wilmore and Nicole Anup Mann

In 20021year, the United States, the Russian Federation and China will launch nine cargo spacecraft to space and the International Space Station. Russia's "Progress -MS" cargo spacecraft will perform three tasks. The "Dragon" cargo ship of American Space Exploration Technology Company made three flights to transport parts, scientific instruments, fuel, water, food, fruits and clothes for the International Space Station. The American orbital science company "Cygnus" cargo spacecraft will carry out two missions to transport goods for the International Space Station. China's "Tianzhou" cargo spacecraft has flown at least 1 times, contributing to the construction of the "Tiangong-1" space station.

(Figure) "Cygnus" spacecraft docked with the International Space Station

(Figure) Tianzhou cargo spacecraft

In 20021year, the U.S. Department of Defense will launch two "Hornet" space anti-missile satellites. "National Reconnaissance Bureau-11"military satellite, "National Reconnaissance Bureau-174" top secret satellite, "Keyhole-1 18" photoelectric reconnaissance satellite, "burst orbit mesh network-60.

"Tianyu -6" satellite, also known as "Space Test Program -6", is the experimental spacecraft of the US Department of Defense's space test program, and the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency participated in this space test. It will carry out many experiments in the geostationary orbit. Its main payload is "Space and Atmospheric Explosion Reporting System-3" (SABRS-3). The system provides nuclear explosion detection and space environment data, aiming to supplement the nuclear explosion detector on the existing GPS navigation satellite. The second payload is NASA's laser communication relay demonstrator, which will conduct laser communication relay experiments.

Tianyu -6 will also carry the payloads of seven space experiment review committees of the Ministry of National Defense, including an experimental payload named SENSER. Before the SENSER payload is produced and integrated into the next generation system, key technologies will be tested in the space environment to reduce the development risk of nuclear explosion detection sensors in the future.

In 20021year, the US Air Force Space Command and the Space and Missile Systems Center launched the Falcon-heavy rocket from the Kennedy Space Center, which will carry the heavy military satellite space command -44 PL 1 and the micro military satellite space command -44 PL2. What kind of satellite is this? Why use the world's most powerful rocket to launch?

Falcon heavy rocket is the most powerful rocket in the world at present. The height is 70 meters, the core diameter is 3.66 meters, the width is 12.2 meters, the mass is 1420.8 tons, and the fairing is 5.2 meters. Falcon-heavy rocket has a low orbit carrying capacity of 63.8 tons, a geostationary orbit carrying capacity of 26.7 tons, a Mars carrying capacity of 16.8 tons and a Pluto carrying capacity of 3.5 tons. The launch site for its large inclination launch is vandenberg air force base, and the launch site for its small inclination launch is LC-39A launch pad of Kennedy Space Center.

This time, the US Air Force launched the "Space Command -44 PL 1" military satellite with Falcon heavy rocket, which proved that the satellite weighs about 60 tons and is a heavy military satellite. Falcon-heavy rocket was launched from Kennedy Space Center, showing that the space command -44 PL 1 heavy military satellite was running in low longitude orbit or stationary orbit. "Space Command -44 PL 1" heavy military satellite is unnamed, and its function and model are unknown. It may be a satellite that affects future world peace and attracts the attention of all countries.

The Russian Ministry of Defence will launch several military satellites: Metz-1 Electronic Reconnaissance Satellite, Bar -M3 Photoelectric Reconnaissance Satellite, Neutron-1 Radar Reconnaissance Satellite, Peony -NKS- 1 Ocean Reconnaissance Satellite, Meridian -M 9 Military Communication Satellite and others.

Japan's Defense Agency will launch "X-band -2" synthetic aperture radar satellite. India will launch several synthetic aperture radar satellites and navigation satellite Mariner-1J. The German Ministry of Defence will launch a second generation phased array synthetic aperture radar reconnaissance satellite and two "Sarah" radar reconnaissance satellites.

(Figure) Military satellite, filled with smoke

The British Airbus Defence and Space Company, ESA and EUTELSAT jointly developed the "Eusat-Quantum" communication satellite. Eusat-Quantum is an experimental communication satellite with a software-definable payload.

The Eusat-Quantum satellite program provides a new general payload design, which is different from the traditional, customized and one-off satellite construction methods. For the first time, it will enable users to demand performance and flexibility in coverage, bandwidth, power and frequency.

Compared with the common subsystem and equipment method currently used, Eurostar-Quantum Communication Satellite has lower manufacturing cost and higher speed, and can realize larger-scale production and more effective inventory control.

The "Eusat-Quantum" satellite can also be completely reconstructed in orbit. Once in space, this chameleon-like satellite can adapt to new instructions on coverage, frequency band and power consumption, and even change its orbital position. This will enable it to serve anywhere in the world and adapt to new business, without users having to buy and launch a brand-new satellite.

This ability to mirror or supplement another satellite anywhere in the geostationary orbit will change the management of satellite constellations and greatly improve the efficiency of resource utilization.

Surrey Satellite Technology Co., Ltd. provides a satellite platform based on GMP-TL satellite platform. Phased array antenna is provided by CASA department of Airbus Spain.

The first quantum satellite will be launched in May 20021,operated by EUTELSAT, serving the government, mobile and data markets.

(Figure) Eurostar-Quantum communication satellite

American Axiomatic Space Company was founded on 20 16, and its headquarters is in Houston, Texas. Its goal is to build the world's first commercial space station. In 2024, Axiom Space Company will launch the first module of Axiom Space.

In early 2020, NASA announced that Axiomatic Space Company had been allowed to enter the front port of the Harmony Module of the International Space Station. Axiom Space Company plans to dock Axiom Space Module with Harmony Harbor Module. Axiomatic space module will have at least three compression chambers and a large observation window, similar to the comprehensive observation window of the International Space Station, which will help space tourists move in low-earth orbit.

Before launching the "Axiom Space" module in 2024, Axiom Space Company plans to organize a manned mission to the International Space Station, which will be composed of space tourists and astronauts from public or private institutions.

In March, 2020, American Axiom Space Company announced its cooperation with Space Exploration Technology Company, and named the fourth manned "Dragon" spacecraft as "Axiom Space-1" tourist spacecraft, and chartered flight flew to the International Space Station. In 2002 1 10, a tourist spaceship "Axiomatic Space-10" will be launched to transport1astronauts and 3 space tourists to the International Space Station for a flight of10 days. This mission will be the first fully commercialized manned mission of the International Space Station and the first batch of special space tourism missions.

Axiomatic Space hired former NASA astronaut Michael allegri Adam. Michael, born on May 30th, 1958, is a Hispanic American astronaut and test pilot. He has carried out three space shuttle missions and 1 international space station missions; We made 10 spacewalks for 67 hours and 4 1 min 16 seconds. At present, it holds the runner-up record of spacewalk time and ranks first among American astronauts. Space flight lasted 2 15 days, ranking fifth in the length of space flight in the United States.

Three space tourists: Thomas Cruise is an American actor and producer. Doug Lyman is an American film director and producer, and also a producer of space travel films. Tan Yi Stiby is an Israeli hero and one of Israel's first space tourists. After his military service, he worked as a consultant for Israel Aviation Industry Corporation. The cost of space travel per space tourist is $55 million.

Space tourism is risky, but space tourists say: even if space tourism becomes a funeral, it is a great honor, at all costs!

(Figure) The fourth manned "Dragon" spacecraft was named "Axiom Space-1" tourist spacecraft.

(Photo) Michael Alegria, a former NASA astronaut and astronaut of the "Axiom Space-1" tourist spacecraft.

Space science and technology have long gone beyond the scope of earth observation and satellite-ground communication.

202 1, 10, 3 1, NASA will launch the James Webb space telescope. It has higher infrared resolution and sensitivity than Hubble, and will be widely studied in the fields of astronomy and cosmology, including observing some distant events and objects in the universe, such as the formation of the first galaxy.

The four main scientific goals of the Webb Space Telescope are to find the first stars and galaxies formed after the Big Bang, to study the formation and evolution of galaxies, to understand the formation of stars and planetary systems, and to study the origin of planetary systems and life. The Webb Space Telescope can observe the light of the farthest age of the universe, that is, the Big Bang.

The focal length of "Weber" space telescope is 13 1.4m, and the collection area is 25.4m Its main mirror is composed of 18 hexagonal lenses, and the inner circle diameter is1.32m. These lenses are made of gold-plated beryllium and combined into a large mirror with a diameter of 6.5m.. Hubble observes the spectra of near ultraviolet, visible light and near infrared. "Weber" will observe the long-wave visible light to mid-infrared spectrum in a lower frequency range, especially the celestial bodies with higher red shift. These objects are too far away for Hubble to observe.

Weber telescope must be kept very cold to avoid interference in infrared observation, so it will be deployed in the space near Lagrange point L2 of the Earth-Sun. Its large sun visor made of silicon coating and aluminum coating will protect mirrors and instruments at -223.2. From 1996, NASA began to develop the "Webb" space telescope, which lasted for 24 years, and the research and development cost exceeded 10 billion US dollars.

Hubble subverted human's view of the universe. The "Webb" space telescope will surely go through the dark ages of the universe and change astronomy, cosmology and human world view again.

(Figure) NASA's Webb Space Telescope

(Figure) The bottom of the Webb Space Telescope.

NASA has developed a "Double Asteroid Redirect Test" satellite, referred to as "dart" satellite. In July, 20021,NASA will launch the "Dart" satellite. This is the first space mission that uses kinetic energy impactor to push and deflect asteroids.

June 5438+October 2022 10, Dart satellite plans to intercept the asteroid Dimonpheus. It is the second member of Didymos (asteroid 65803), numbered "Didymos -B" and nicknamed "Didemont". This is a binary near-earth asteroid system, and its characteristics are very suitable for the overall planetary defense work of NASA.

The design of the Dart satellite is very simple. It is divided into two parts: kinetic energy impactor and asteroid reconnaissance camera, which can observe asteroids when they approach. "Dart" satellite supports navigation and target positioning, and determines the impact position and geological background. The propeller of the "Dart" satellite weighs only about 500 kilograms. With the help of camera lens and advanced autonomous navigation software, the "Dart" satellite will hit "Diamonds" at a speed of about 6 km/s.

The accurate autonomous navigation of "Dart" satellite is a necessary condition for the success of power impact. NASA has developed a small mobile autonomous real-time navigation algorithm for Dart satellite. The algorithm consists of image processing, navigation and control algorithms. In addition, the intelligent navigation fuel management logic can also determine the appropriate time for course correction to optimize the effective use of limited propellant supply.

When the "Dart" satellite hits, "Diamonds" may deflect and fly away from the earth; It may also be closer to the earth.

In order to observe and photograph wonderful impact asteroids, the Italian Space Agency has developed an "impact asteroid observation" imaging satellite, which is specially used to photograph wonderful images of impact asteroids for scientific research, popular science and appreciation.

(Figure) NASA's "Dart" satellite impact plan

(Figure) "Dart" satellite hits asteroid

Imaging X-ray polarization measurement and detection satellite is an X-ray astronomical satellite developed by Marshall Space Center of NASA. As the first special polarization observation astronomical satellite, it will add a new dimension to the study of cosmic sources, expand the observation space and provide answers to basic questions. The "Imaging X-ray Polarization Measurement and Detection" satellite adopts X-ray optics made by NASA and Marshall Space Center and gas pixel focal plane detector provided by Italian Space Agency.

The "Imaging X-ray Polarization Measurement and Detection" satellite measures the linear polarization of celestial bodies as a function of energy, time and position, which can improve the understanding of how magnetars and other celestial bodies produce X-ray emission, as well as the understanding of isolated pulsars, pulsar wind nebulae and supernova remnants, micro quasars, active galaxies and supermassive black holes.

World space flight is the cause of all mankind. Space technology has extended from the earth, the moon and Mars to other planets, the solar system, the Milky Way and the universe. Space science and technology studies frontier sciences such as plasma imaging detection, asteroid impact detection, ionosphere and gamma rays, galactic cosmic radiation, plasma cosmic rays, particles and solar radiation, space junk, satellite capture, satellite maintenance, solar sails, new propellers and ion imaging.

New goals of world space: lunar space station, Mars space station, landing on Mars, landing on asteroids, galaxy exploration, intercontinental navigation, space tourism, space exploration, and space immigration. These goals and space exploration will change the thinking and imagination of astronautics, astronomy, planetary science, cosmology and even human beings!

I wish the rocket and the satellite a pleasant journey and a long history!

: the first launch; : International Space Station launch; : installed on the international space station