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Lake Baikal is located in the southern part of eastern Siberia, Russia, in Buryatia and Irkutsk region, with the latitude of 5129' ~ 55 46' north and the longitude of10341'~109 57' east.

Lake Baikal, with a total volume of 23.6 trillion cubic meters and the deepest point of 1.637 meters, is the deepest lake in the world and the largest freshwater lake in Eurasia. The lake is 636 kilometers long, with an average width of 48 kilometers and an area of 3 1.500 square kilometers. It is formed by stratum collapse, with an altitude of 455 meters and an average water depth of 730 meters.

1, geological structure

Lake Baikal Rift, like the Great Rift Valley in East Africa, is one of the world-famous regional tectonic tension zones, located in the northern part of the internal deformation zone in Central Asia, and is the largest active continental rift in Eurasia.

Along the S-shaped Paleozoic suture zone, the Lake Baikal rift zone stretches for more than 2,000 kilometers. Lake Baikal is a rift between Eurasian plate and Amur plate. With the separation of the two plates, Lake Baikal continues to expand. Lake Baikal is also an earthquake-prone area, with an average of 2000 earthquakes every year.

2. Geological environment

There are 65,438+000m-2,000 m cliffs on both sides of Lake Baikal. Structural cracks are surrounded by mountains, and the shore of Lake Baikal is surrounded by metamorphic rocks, sedimentary rocks and magmatic rocks, which are pulled to both sides at a speed of two centimeters every year.

3. Lake water system

There are 336 rivers flowing into Lake Baikal, with a basin area of 560,000 square kilometers. Selenger River provides more than 50% of the lake, forming an area of nearly 700 kilometers at the entrance of the lake. The largest lake delta in the world.

4. Climate characteristics

The area around Lake Baikal belongs to temperate continental climate with large temperature difference. The monthly average temperature is -26℃~-33℃, and the July average temperature is 17℃~2 1℃.

Extended data:

Lake Baikal is long and narrow, like a crescent moon embedded in Eurasia, with a total area of about 310.7 million square kilometers, which is seven times that of Qinghai Lake, the largest lake in China today, or equivalent to filling all the areas of two Beijing cities with water.

In terms of water storage capacity, Lake Baikal, as a freshwater lake, is exaggeratedly 23,600 cubic kilometers, equivalent to 1/5 of the thawed surface fresh water in the world, more than the sum of the five great lakes in North America, ranking first in the world.

According to the data published on the website of Institute of Geography, China Academy of Sciences, the total storage capacity of all lakes in China, including saltwater lakes and freshwater lakes, exceeds 700 cubic kilometers.

Through simple calculation, we can know that the water storage capacity of Lake Baikal is actually 33 times that of all lakes in China! ! The data is amazing.

There are 27 islands and several peninsulas in the lake, the largest of which is Orhon Island, covering an area of over 700 square kilometers. But in terms of area, Lake Baikal is smaller than the total area of lakes in China and much smaller than the Great Lakes in North America.

The secret of small area and large capacity lies in the unparalleled depth of Lake Baikal. At present, it is known that its average depth exceeds 740 meters, and the deepest point exceeds 1640 meters. It is one of the three deepest lakes in the world that can be put into any skyscraper of human beings.

The average depth of the Great Lakes in North America is less than 100 m, while the average depth of Qinghai Lake in China is only 2 1 m, which is totally incomparable.

Baidu encyclopedia-Baikal