Tips for first aid of heatstroke

Heatstroke is a disorder of body temperature regulation under the influence of high temperature, which is often caused by exposure to hot sun or heavy physical labor in high temperature environment.

Common causes of heatstroke:

Normal people's body temperature can be kept at 37. C or so is the result of balancing heat production and heat dissipation through the role of hypothalamic thermoregulation center. When the ambient temperature exceeds the skin temperature, heat dissipation mainly depends on sweating and evaporation on the skin and alveolar surface. The heat dissipation of human body can also bring the heat of deep tissue to upper and lower tissues through circulating blood flow, and dissipate heat through expanded skin blood vessels, so the more blood flow in skin blood vessels, the more heat dissipation. If heat production is greater than heat dissipation or heat dissipation is blocked, there will be too much heat accumulated in the body, that is, high fever and heatstroke will occur.

Heatstroke can be divided into:

1, threatened heatstroke

In high temperature environment, heatstroke patients have symptoms such as dizziness, dizziness, tinnitus, nausea, chest tightness, palpitation, fatigue, thirst, sweating, inattention, numbness of limbs and so on. At this time, the body temperature is normal or slightly higher, generally not exceeding 37.5. C. This is a harbinger of heatstroke. If measures are taken in time, such as leaving the high temperature scene quickly, the development of heatstroke can be prevented.

2, mild heatstroke

In addition to the symptoms of threatened heatstroke, there are early symptoms of respiratory and circulatory failure, such as flushing or pallor, nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, sweating, hot or wet skin, weak pulse, increased heart rate and decreased blood pressure. At this time, the body temperature is over 38. C.

3. Severe heatstroke

In addition to the symptoms of threatened heatstroke and mild heatstroke, it is accompanied by fainting, coma, spasm or high fever.

4, severe heatstroke can continue to be divided into:

Heatstroke and high fever, that is, a lot of heat accumulation in the body. People suffering from heatstroke will have drowsiness, coma, flushing, dry and hot skin, no sweat, shortness of breath, increased heart rate, decreased blood pressure and high fever, and their body temperature may exceed 40 degrees.

Heat exhaustion means that there is not a lot of accumulated heat in the body. People suffering from heatstroke may have pale face, cold skin, weak pulse, shallow and rapid breathing, syncope, coma and blood pressure drop.

Heatstroke spasm:

That is, it is not directly related to high temperature, but occurs after strenuous labor and exercise. Because drinking water without supplementing salt after sweating a lot, blood sodium and chlorine are reduced, and blood potassium can also be reduced, resulting in paroxysmal painful muscle spasm (commonly known as cramp), thirst, less urine, but normal body temperature.

Eclipse:

That is, strong sunlight irradiates the head, leading to an increase in intracranial temperature. Patients with heatstroke have severe headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, dizziness, irritability, mental disorder, coma in severe cases, and slight increase in body temperature.

Emergency rescue in case of heatstroke:

Get rid of the high temperature environment and quickly transfer the heatstroke victim to a cool and ventilated place to rest. Let it lie flat, raise its head and unbutton it.

Cosmetic liquid:

If heatstroke patients are conscious and have no nausea and vomiting, they can drink salty drinks, tea, mung bean soup and so on. To cool down and replenish blood volume.

Artificial heat dissipation:

You can use a fan to cool down, but you can't blow directly at the patient to prevent catching a cold again.

Ice compress:

Cold compress can also be used on the head. Ice packs should be placed in the head, armpits, groin and other large blood vessels (ice cubes, popsicles, water ice cream, etc.). Put it in a plastic bag and seal it tightly), you can rub it with cold water or 30% alcohol until your skin turns red.

Temperature was measured every 10- 15 minutes 1 time.

Preventive measures and key points of first aid after heatstroke in the field

When outdoor athletes go to Shan Ye, they often run after them. However, when they are exposed to intense sunlight for a long time, the heat and temperature in the body are not fully distributed, which leads to the increase of body temperature, the damage of the thermoregulatory center inside the brain and the cessation of activities. This is heatstroke.

People suffering from heatstroke will have headaches, high fever, vomiting or fainting, and sometimes they will die. So outdoor athletes must pay attention to prevention and first aid. You'd better wear a sun hat to prevent exposure to the sun for too long.

Once heatstroke occurs, first aid should be given as soon as possible to avoid collapse and death. First, move the patient to the shade, loosen or take off his clothes, let him lie down comfortably, and raise his head and shoulders with something.

Cover his head with a cold wet towel, preferably a water bag or an ice bag. Wipe your body with a sponge soaked in alcohol or a towel soaked in cold water, and fan it as cold as possible to let his body temperature drop to normal temperature.

Finally, measure his temperature or observe the patient's pulse rate. If it is lower than 1 10 per minute, it means that his body temperature is tolerable. If it is above 1 10, all cooling methods should be stopped. Observe 10 minutes or so. If the body temperature continues to rise, it should be cooled again.

After regaining consciousness, give salt water to drink, but not * * *. In addition, coverage is provided according to the patient's comfort.

2. Urgent for first aid knowledge of heatstroke ~

Heatstroke refers to the symptoms of disorder of body temperature regulation, disorder of water and electrolyte metabolism and impairment of nervous system function under the long-term effect of high temperature and thermal radiation. Patients with brain diseases, the elderly and the infirm, and women with poor heat tolerance are particularly prone to heatstroke.

There are many reasons for heatstroke. If you work in a workshop with high temperature and poor ventilation, it is easy to get heatstroke. In agriculture and open-air operations, the direct exposure of the sun, coupled with the exposure of the earth, makes the atmospheric temperature rise again, making people's meninges congested and cerebral cortex ischemic, causing heatstroke, and the increase of humidity in the air is easy to induce heatstroke; In public places and families, people are crowded and concentrated, heat production is concentrated, and heat dissipation is difficult.

Symptoms:

1, fever, fatigue, burning skin, dizziness, nausea, vomiting and chest tightness.

2, irritability, rapid pulse, blood pressure drop.

3. Severe patients may have severe headache, fainting, coma and spasm.

Clinical classification

1, threatened heatstroke: sweating, thirst, fatigue, dizziness, dizziness, tinnitus, nausea, palpitation, inattention, numbness of limbs, etc. In high temperature environment, the body temperature does not exceed 38℃.

2. Mild heatstroke: the above symptoms are aggravated, the body temperature is above 38℃, facial flushing is pale, sweating, the skin is wet and cold, the pulse is weak, the heart rate is fast, the blood pressure drops, respiratory and circulatory failure and other symptoms and signs.

3. Severe heatstroke:

(l) Heatstroke and high fever: dysfunction of the thermoregulatory center, difficulty in heat dissipation and excessive heat accumulation in the body. At first, I had symptoms of threatened heatstroke, and then I had headache, anxiety, lethargy and even coma. Flushing face and dry skin. Blood pressure drops, shortness of breath, and heart rate increases. The body temperature is above 40℃.

(2) heatstroke failure: water and salt are lost due to excessive sweating, and blood volume is insufficient. The clinical manifestations are pale face, cold skin, weak pulse, low blood pressure, shortness of breath, unconsciousness, low axillary temperature and anal temperature of about 38.5℃.

(3) heatstroke spasm: After sweating a lot, you only drink plenty of water and don't supplement salt, so the blood sodium and chlorine are reduced, and the blood potassium can also be reduced. The patient is thirsty and has little urine. Muscle spasm and pain, normal body temperature.

(4) Heatstroke: Due to the strong sunlight in the head, a large amount of ultraviolet rays enter the skull, which raises the intracranial temperature (up to 465,438+0 ~ 42℃), resulting in edema and congestion of the brain and meninges. Therefore, there will be severe headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, dizziness, irritability, disturbance of consciousness and severe convulsions and coma. The body temperature can be slightly raised. The above situations can sometimes appear in combination.

Diagnostic basis:

1, blood routine, urine routine, stool routine.

2. Detection of liver function, renal function, electrolyte and inorganic elements.

3. Cardiovascular examination.

4.CT examination.

5, blood gas and acid-base balance index detection.

Treatment:

1. Immediately move to a cool place or an air-conditioned room and give it physical cooling. In severe cases, the temperature will drop rapidly. Put an ice cap on your head, put an ice pack near the neck and axillary inguinal artery, and inject compound chlorpromazine intravenously.

2. Correct the balance between water and electrolyte.

3. Prevent complications and control infection.

3. What are the first-aid common sense of sudden heatstroke in hot summer?

Heatstroke is a common emergency in summer. If you encounter heatstroke, you can deal with it in the following ways.

1, move

Quickly lift the heatstroke patient to a ventilated and cool place, make him lie flat, unbutton his clothes and take off his clothes.

Step 2 calm down

Heatstroke patients can cover their heads with a cold towel, bathe with 50% alcohol, white wine, ice water or cold water, and then blow with a fan or electric fan to accelerate heat dissipation. But don't lower the patient's temperature quickly. When the body temperature drops below 38 degrees Celsius, stop all cold compress and other strong cooling measures.

3. Hydrated water

Heat stroke patients can give some cool drinks when they are still awake, but don't rush to replenish a lot of water or cold beer, otherwise it will cause vomiting, abdominal pain, nausea and other symptoms.

Step 4 wake up

If heatstroke patients have lost consciousness, they can pinch Renzhong, Hegu and other acupoints to wake them up, and at the same time, they can be given scraping first aid.

Step 5 transfer

Patients with severe heatstroke must be sent to hospital immediately for treatment. Attention should be paid to applying ice packs to the patient's forehead, occipital back, chest, elbow socket and thigh root to protect the brain, heart and lungs and other important organs.

4. Emergency measures for heatstroke

Tips for heatstroke prevention

Wear light-colored clothes: You should wear white, light-colored or plain clothes in summer to avoid heatstroke.

Wear an insulated straw hat: The raw materials for weaving straw hats are mostly hollow, which contains a certain amount of air and is a bad conductor of heat. In addition, the straw hat has a certain shielding effect on the sun.

Rest at noon: The air is fresh and the climate is cool in the morning. Therefore, if you travel in summer, you should start early, rest at noon and travel after three or four in the afternoon. In this way, when traveling, you will not only be energetic, but also feel tired and heatstroke.

Drink more salt and boiled water: summer is hot and sweaty, the salt in the body is reduced, and the osmotic pressure in the body will be unbalanced, leading to heatstroke. Drinking more salty boiled water or salty tea can replenish the salt lost in the body, thus preventing heatstroke. When drinking salt water, you need to drink a small amount of salt water many times to prevent heatstroke.

Bring heatstroke prevention medicine: it is easy to encounter changeable climate during the journey. Cold and hot temperatures are easy to catch a cold, and sultry weather is the most prone to heatstroke. Therefore, when traveling in summer, you should take some heatstroke prevention drugs, such as Ren Dan, cooling oil, tiger balm, wind oil, ten drops of water, and Huoxiang Zhengqi water.

If the patient faints, you can pinch the patient's Renzhong point with your fingers or acupuncture Xuan Shi point with your fingertips. When the patient gets better, he will be sent to a nearby hospital for treatment.

Symptoms of heatstroke and first aid methods

1, symptoms of heatstroke

(1) threatened heatstroke: hyperhidrosis, thirst, dizziness, tinnitus, chest tightness, palpitation, nausea, elevated body temperature and general weakness.

(2) Mild heatstroke: In addition to the above symptoms, the body temperature is above 38℃, facial flushing, chest tightness, pallor, nausea, vomiting, sweating, cold skin, blood pressure drop and other early symptoms of respiratory and circulatory failure.

(3) Severe heatstroke: In addition to the above symptoms, there are also symptoms such as syncope and spasm, dry skin and no sweat, and body temperature above 40℃.

First aid measures:

1. Immediately transfer the patient to a ventilated, cool and dry place, such as a corridor or under a tree.

2. Let the patient lie on his back, unbutton his collar and take off or loosen his coat. If clothes are soaked by sweat, change dry clothes, and turn on the electric fan or air conditioner (direct blowing should be avoided) to dissipate heat as soon as possible.

3. Cold compress the head, armpit and groin with a wet towel, and wipe the whole body with warm water if possible, at the same time, accelerate blood circulation and promote heat dissipation.

4. Conscious patients or patients who have cooled off summer heat can drink mung bean soup and light salt water, or take Ren Dan, ten drops of water and Huoxiang Zhengqi water (capsules) to cool off summer heat.

5. In case of high fever, coma, convulsion and other symptoms, the patient should lie on his side, tilt his head back, and keep the respiratory tract unobstructed. At the same time, you should immediately call 120 for help from medical staff for emergency treatment.

5. How to give first aid to heatstroke?

First aid method: (1) Immediately transfer the patient to a ventilated, cool and dry place, such as under the shade of a tree.

Ask the patient to take a semi-recumbent position and unbutton his clothes, or take off and loosen his clothes and change wet clothes into dry clothes. At the same time, using an electric fan or fan to help dissipate heat can also cool down in an air-conditioned room.

(2) Reduce the body temperature below 38℃ as soon as possible. Can be used in the patient's head, armpits, groin and other places with cold wet towel cold compress, or alcohol local bath.

You can take a bath with warm water or cold water. (3) Patients who are conscious or awake after cooling can drink mung bean soup, light salt water and watermelon water.

Drugs such as Ren Dan and Huoxiang Zhengqi Water can be kept at home at any time. (4) After the above treatment, it still doesn't get better, and it was rushed to the hospital for treatment.

Special attention: the elderly should wear thin, light-colored and loose clothes and drink more drinks or cold water in hot summer, and the daily consumption should be about 2000 ml. Pay attention to reasonable rest and try to avoid going out in hot noon or strong sunshine.