Why do homestays gather and develop? What are the advantages and disadvantages?

I. Characteristics of B&B Agglomeration and Distribution

1.B&Bs gathers around economically developed cities.

All kinds of negative effects brought by urban development make urban residents begin to pursue a life state of returning to nature and enjoying the local flavor. B&Bs provides independent living places for tourists, who can enjoy the local culture and natural landscape, and can integrate into local life to engage in agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery production activities. Therefore, B&Bs is welcomed by more and more urban residents, especially the urban middle class, and gradually becomes the main body of B&Bs tourism market.

People usually travel on weekends or holidays, and distance is the first influencing factor of tourism planning, and the nearest homestay becomes the preferred tourist destination. Driven by market demand, homestay investors or operators are more inclined to choose areas with strong local flavor around the city for development. There are plenty of tourists in economically developed cities, and strong economic conditions ensure the spending power of tourists. Its surrounding areas have naturally become the focus of B&B tourism development, forming a spatial distribution pattern of B&B concentrated around economically developed cities.

2.B&Bs gather in areas with rich tourism resources.

Tourism is the spiritual pursuit of modern people. Nowadays, tourism is mainly sightseeing, vacation and entertainment. If it is combined with local historical and cultural landscape, natural ecological landscape and life production activities, B&B is more attractive.

Therefore, B&B is often closer to the local developed excellent scenic spots in spatial layout. By analyzing the overlap between B&Bs and the Yangtze River Delta scenic spots, it is found that they are close in spatial distribution, with the scenic spots around B&Bs and the scenic spots around B&Bs. There are well-known national excellent scenic spots in the highly concentrated B&B area, with 5 km, 10 km and 20 km buffer zones around the scenic spots, and the proportion of homestays located in the 5 km buffer zone is 7 1. 15%. B&Bs located in the buffer zone of 5- 10 km accounts for17.52%; Only 10. 19% is within the range of 10-20km.

It can be seen that most homestays are located within 5 kilometers near the scenic spot, and the number of homestays in areas far from the scenic spot has dropped sharply. There are many tourists coming and going around the scenic spot, and there is a great demand for accommodation; While providing accommodation, B&B can also provide opportunities to enjoy local culture and special cuisine, making it the first choice for many tourists. Therefore, investors and operators of B&B often choose places close to tourism resources.

3.B& Bs gather and distribute on the main traffic roads.

Tourism is a combination of travel and sightseeing, and the remoteness of tourism activities makes traffic conditions a necessary link and foundation of tourism. In the process of traveling, long-distance transportation (aviation and railway) connects the source and destination, while short-distance transportation in the same city connects all the scenic spots with all the links of eating, living, traveling, entertainment and shopping. B&B tourism is no exception, and convenient traffic conditions are needed to connect scenic spots with B&B.

Travel agencies generally connect accommodation, scenic spots and other elements organically through tourist routes and vehicle transfers. In this case, the tourist route is fixed, and the scope of tourists' free arrival is relatively limited. In recent years, go on road trip has become the main tourist mode.

A rural tourism survey jointly conducted by china tourism academy and China Telecom shows that nearly 70% of tourists choose go on road trip. Self-driving tourists can freely choose their travel routes and decide their parking and accommodation places, which expands the scope of tourists' activities to some extent.

Therefore, areas with convenient traffic conditions have also become concentrated areas for the distribution of homestays. Taking the Yangtze River Delta as an example, traffic buffer zones of 1 km, 3 km and 5 km were established with the main traffic road as the center line, and the proportion of homestays located in the buffer zone of 1 km was 32.74%. B&Bs located in 1-3km buffer account for 39.10%; 13.72% is in the range of 3-5km. Most homestays are located within 3 kilometers, and the proportion of homestays within 5 kilometers reaches 85.56%. It can be seen that the vicinity of major traffic routes has gradually become a key area for B&B people to gather.

Second, the dynamic mechanism analysis of B&B agglomeration and distribution

1. External dynamic mechanism

Government-led policy drive. The development of homestay industry is closely related to the booming background of rural tourism. Governments at all levels, from the central to the local, attach great importance to the development of rural tourism and the creation of new formats of homestays. Local government policies promote B&B industrial agglomeration. 2015165438+125 October, the "Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Consumption Structure of Life Service Industry" issued by the General Office of the State Council promoted the accelerated development of B&B industry; 2065438+2006 65438+27 10 "Several Opinions on Implementing the New Development Concept and Accelerating Agricultural Modernization to Achieve the Goal of a Well-off Society in an All-round Way" put forward that leisure agriculture and rural tourism should be vigorously developed, and rural leisure products such as leisure farms, rural hotels, characteristic homestays, self-driving camping and outdoor sports should be developed in a planned way. On March 2, 20 16, the "Guiding Opinions on Promoting Green Consumption" formulated by the National Development and Reform Commission and other departments 10 proposed to support * * * to enjoy economic development, encourage individuals to effectively use idle resources, and orderly develop online booking carpooling, car rental, hotel rental, and exchange and utilization of old things. On July 1 1 and July/20 17, the National Development and Reform Commission and other 13 committees and bureaus issued the Action Plan for Promoting Rural Tourism Development (20 17) to promote the formation of a rural tourism development pattern with perfect system, reasonable layout, excellent quality and blooming flowers. All provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities have also formulated relevant encouragement and support policies according to their own regional characteristics, which greatly promoted and promoted the development of regional homestay industry.

Tourism consumption upgrade drive. In recent years, China's residents' consumption is in the rising stage from commodity consumption to service consumption, and residents' expenditure on service consumption has increased substantially, while the growth of commodity consumption is relatively slow. From 20 14 to 20 16, the proportion of urban residents' expenditure on medical care, education, entertainment, tourism and transportation increased from 35.7% to 4 1%. The middle class has expanded in size and its demand has escalated. It is 2-3 hours' drive from the urban area and within 200 kilometers. The characteristic homestay industry with outstanding cost performance advantage is highly respected. With the post-90 s and post-00 s becoming the main players in the market, new demands such as diversification and personalized experience are constantly expanding. The original standardized accommodation products can no longer meet their needs, while personalized and experienced homestay products are more suitable for their preferences.

B&B is driven by investment capital. At present, there are three main types of homestay investment, except for people who are small and beautiful and do not pursue return on investment. The first type is e-commerce platform to invest in homestay industry, such as Ctrip.com, Qunar.com, Tujia.com and Tongcheng.com. In addition to setting up an inn channel, it also directly engages in investment and operation, just as Cheng Tourism completed its strategic investment in Huajiantang and became the second largest institutional shareholder of Huajiantang; Tujia.com's Tuyuan Company directly participated in the construction of boutique hotel in beautiful countryside, Guizhou. The second category is the entry of large state-owned enterprises into the B&B field, such as BTG Group, Zhejiang Travel Group and Guoao Group. BTG Group established BTG Hanshe Hotel Management Co., Ltd., and laid out more than 60 ancient village homestay industries throughout the country; Zhejiang Tourism Bureau, Zhejiang Tourism Group and related companies set up a tourism fund of 654.38+0 billion yuan, and the main investors are high-end inns and boutique homestays. The third category is the transformation of real estate enterprises to the homestay industry, such as Xinhualian Group, Yintai Group and Financial Street. Xinhualian Group has developed Jiuzi Ancient Town Project in Wuhu, Anhui Province, with tens of thousands of square meters of land for the construction of inns, homestays and boutique hotels. These companies develop the hotel industry, pursue large-scale growth, and get the support of corresponding brand system, operating standards, construction standards and operating platforms, thus greatly promoting the development and agglomeration of the hotel industry. In addition, the diversification of B&B investment subjects and investment forms has promoted the continued popularity of B&B investment.

2. Internal dynamic mechanism

The agglomeration of B&B forms a competitive advantage in the market. There is competition and cooperation between enterprises in B&B cluster. Single hotels are small in scale, with 3- 15 rooms, so it is difficult to realize large-scale tourist reception. In the gathering area, there are a certain number of homestays, which can increase the scale of reception capacity. The ability of single homestay to attract tourists through its own brand is very weak; Through the external scale effect, the regional brand of the whole B&B agglomeration area in the tourism market can be formed and its influence can be expanded. The regional brand effect will directly increase the income of every hotel operator. The life cycle of a single hotel may not be long, and there will be the risk of survival of the fittest. However, after the brand is formed in the whole hotel cluster, the brand effect will be relatively lasting, which will drive the joint development of hotel enterprises in the region, create market competitive advantages and form a joint force for rural tourism development. Established on 20 16, Sulian China is committed to building a homestay gathering area and reducing the operating cost of individual homestays. 2065438+In August 2005, Zhejiang Jiaxing Join-Cheer Hotel Management Co., Ltd. was established. With years of business accumulation, it has occupied a place in the domestic homestay industry and built the Jiuqi Inn brand. In addition, well-known brands include fairy tales, pro-inn, favorite hometown, Sunshine Nanrui and so on. It can be seen that the formation of B&B brand is conducive to increasing attention, quickly occupying the market and improving core competitiveness.

B&B agglomeration can reduce transaction costs. B&B cluster can provide tourists with a variety of accommodation experience products, which has the economies of scale enjoyed by tourists and reduces the transaction costs and risks between individual B&Bs and tourists. At the same time, a large number of homestay enterprises of the same type have gathered, attracting upstream and downstream manufacturers and institutions in the supply chain such as cloth cleaning, house cleaning and advertising planning, as well as relevant professionals to gather in the local area. The professional division of labor, smooth information exchange and dissemination, and the enjoyment of labor resources in the hotel gathering area have reduced the construction cost and operation cost of the hotel. At the same time, the relevant suppliers and middlemen in the industrial chain can gain market opportunities more easily and reduce the time and money cost required for searching business information. At the same time, industrial agglomeration will promote the professional development of human resources, improve the efficiency of human resources and save the cost of human resources. The reduction of transaction costs in the whole region has greatly increased the comprehensive competitiveness of regional homestays.

Although agglomeration development can bring many development advantages to the hotel industry and increase the income of hotel operators, due to the particularity of the tourism industry, the hotel industry is in a period of rapid development. A large number of rapid agglomeration will lead to the excess of local tourism reception capacity, the expected experience of tourists will decline, and many operators will not get the expected income.