Notes on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Tourism

Matters needing attention in traveling to Qinghai Plateau-1. High altitude hypoxia reaction and its prevention and treatment measures

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has a low pressure because of its high altitude and thin air. The plateau climate is characterized by hypoxia, low temperature, strong solar radiation, large daily temperature difference, strong wind and dryness. Tourists who come to the plateau from low altitude areas have exceeded the limit of normal people's automatic adjustment because of the rapid change of climate. At an altitude of over 4000m, about 60%- 1 000% people have acute hypoxia reaction or disease, and the common symptoms are headache, dizziness, palpitation, shortness of breath, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, abdominal distension, chest tightness, chest pain and fatigue. In an emergency, blood pressure rises, the heart beats faster, and even coma occurs. Some people are extremely excited, talkative, unstable in gait, hallucinating, insomnia and so on.

Symptoms caused by altitude hypoxia are medically called altitude maladjustment. Some are temporary, as long as you adapt to a period of time or leave the plateau environment, human functions will return to normal, and some are long-term. According to the research, the altitude below 3000 meters is generally asymptomatic, and 3000 meters is the critical height of the reaction. Climatic characteristics (air pressure, temperature, solar radiation, etc.). ) is different from that on the low plains. Tourists must make a series of adjustments to adapt to this new environment. A series of hypoxia symptoms can be produced between 3000-5000 meters above sea level, but most of them are not life-threatening; 5000 meters above sea level is the critical height of obstacles "; At an altitude of 5,000-7,000 meters, the body cannot be fully compensated; 7000 meters above sea level is a dangerous critical height; The body above 7000 meters above sea level can't be compensated, and it is a mountain death zone. However, there are exceptions. Some people can't adapt completely at an altitude of 2000-3000 meters, and there are different degrees of altitude hypoxia reactions. Mountaineers can still climb a mountain with a load of more than 7000 meters.

About 60% of Qinghai Province is above 4000m, 25% is between 3000m-4000m, and only 15% is below 3000m. Therefore, it is very necessary for tourists going to Qinghai Plateau to make necessary medical care and physical hygiene preparations.

(1) Visitors entering the plateau from low altitude areas must undergo a comprehensive and strict physical examination. Anyone with serious heart, kidney and lung diseases has high blood pressure! /kloc-patients with severe liver disease and anemia over 0/8 years old are not allowed to venture to travel to the plateau. If you only suffer from common diseases, you must take preventive measures in advance, such as carrying oxygen and drugs with you. Those who have convulsions, severe headaches or coma tendency after entering a certain altitude area should not go to higher areas. In tourist accommodation and scenic spots above 3000 meters above sea level, or in coaches, there should be health care measures for plateau tourism, supplying oxygen and essential drugs to prevent accidents.

(2) Do a good job in the publicity and education of physical health, so that tourists have sufficient ideological and material preparation, establish the determination and confidence to overcome altitude sickness, and eliminate unnecessary mental fears. Generally speaking, you can gradually adapt to the plateau environment in about two or three days, or as many as five to seven days. Symptoms of hypoxia such as chest tightness, shortness of breath and dyspnea will disappear or be greatly improved. Some people use oxygen inhalation to relieve plateau discomfort, which helps to temporarily relieve discomfort, but after stopping oxygen inhalation, discomfort will reappear, delaying the time to adapt to the plateau environment. If the symptoms of hypoxia are not serious, it is best not to take oxygen during quiet rest, so as to adapt to the plateau environment as soon as possible and obtain the ideal tourism effect.

(3) adaptive exercise. Before traveling to the plateau, we should carry out sports activities such as climbing mountains, running, playing ball, carrying loads and marching, which can play a positive role in adapting to the anoxic environment. At the beginning of entering the plateau, activities should not be too intense, such as rushing to March, running, manual labor and so on. The temperature in the plateau is low and changes rapidly with the temperature. It is necessary to change clothes in time, do a good job of keeping warm from the cold, and prevent colds due to freezing. Cold is one of the main causes of acute high altitude pulmonary edema.

(4) Adjusting life during plateau tourism. Food should be digestible, nutritious, high in sugar content and contain multiple vitamins. Eat more fruits and vegetables and don't overeat, so as not to increase the burden on the digestive organs. It is forbidden to drink alcohol to avoid increasing oxygen consumption. When sleeping, the pillow should be padded higher, and the semi-lying posture is the best.

(5) Drug prevention and treatment. In order to improve the body's tolerance to hypoxia and reduce the incidence of mountain sickness, the main drugs are: compound Radix Codonopsis tablets, compound Radix Astragali and Poria, aptamer, acetanilide, diuretic sulfanilamide, spironolactone, central nervous system stimulants, inhibitors, thiosemicarbazone, nutrients and metabolic hormone preparations.

After entering the plateau, the symptoms of altitude maladjustment became more and more serious. Even people who are at rest are very obvious, so they should take oxygen immediately and send it to the hospital to prevent the adverse consequences of acute high altitude pulmonary edema.

2. Choice of Tourism Season and Tourism Destination Qinghai Province has a high altitude, the annual average temperature is 8-20℃ lower than that of East China at the same latitude, and the cold lasts for a long time, so the climate plays a very important role in the choice of tourism season and tourism destination. The annual average temperature in the southern plateau of Qinghai is below 0℃, and it enters the winter season in September until April and May of the following year. There is a freezing period of more than eight months, with ice and snow, and the temperature is mostly between -30℃ and -20℃. Roads are often blocked by strong winds and snow, leading to snowstorms, which are not suitable for traveling during this period. In July and August, the temperature is mostly 5- 10℃, and in a few low-lying areas it is around 15℃, which is the most beautiful season in the grassland, and the grand Jockey Club is also held during this period. Therefore, July and August are the golden seasons for traveling to the southern Qinghai Plateau.

The Qaidam basin returned to the earth in spring at the end of April, and the weather suddenly became cold at the end of September. There are about four months of tourist season from May to mid-September, and July 783 is the best tourist season.

In the Qinghai Lake basin, migratory birds come in April and finish the task of bearing and breeding offspring at the end of July or early August. The climate began to get cold, and migratory birds began to return to the south for the winter, so May, June and July were the best seasons for bird watching. In July and August, the green grass, golden rape flowers, cattle, sheep and blue sky all over the mountains are particularly charming, so July is the prime time to visit Qinghai Lake.

In the east of Qinghai, the average altitude is below 2500 meters. Spring comes in early April, and 10 enters the late autumn season. Therefore, May to September is the best tourist season. Especially in July and August, when the heat in the mainland is unbearable, the average daily temperature in eastern Qinghai is between 12-25X℃, which is cool and pleasant, and the relative humidity is above 45%. It is an ideal summer resort, and it is also the golden season for tourism during the Flower Festival, Jockey Club and Nathan Club. 1February to February of the following year is the coldest season in eastern Qinghai, with an average monthly temperature of-12-6℃. Because of the sunshine and low humidity on the plateau, it is not very cold. It is also an ideal season for ethnic customs tourism, religious pilgrimage tourism and ancient culture tourism. Large-scale folk cultural and artistic activities, such as Han folk fire, Lantern Festival, butter sculpture exhibition in Ta 'er Temple, dances in major Buddhist temples and weddings of Tu people, are mostly held from towns to remote villages around the Spring Festival. Although it is freezing, people are immersed in the joy of festivals, singing and dancing, visiting relatives and friends, and have a strong local flavor.

3. Implement the national ethnic and religious policies and respect the customs and habits of ethnic minorities. Qinghai is a multi-ethnic and multi-religious province. For thousands of years, all ethnic groups have formed their own customs and habits, and each religious faction has a very strict religious ceremony, which is one of the main contents of national culture and the code of conduct of every ethnic group member. Therefore, China's Constitution and the Law on Regional National Autonomy clearly stipulate in legal form that all ethnic groups are equal and respect their customs, religious beliefs and other policies.

The taboo contents of different nationalities in Qinghai are quite different. Tibetans are deeply influenced by religion, so there are many taboos in life. Do not eat animals with round hoofs and claws, such as mules, horses, donkeys, dogs, cats, eagles, crows, etc. When entering the tent, enter in the form of male left and female right, and sit in the order of male left and female right. After sitting down, you can't stagger, your legs can't stretch out in the direction of the Buddha and the old man, you can't smoke or light candles on the butter lamps for offering Buddha, you must keep clean in front of the Buddha, you can't take water from the jar with your own utensils, you can't straddle the clothes of your loved ones, you can't deliberately beat dogs, you can't shoot vultures and eagles with guns, you can't urinate in the barn, you can't fart in front of everyone, you can't walk into the tent and in general, you must be graceful when you enter the tent. Although you don't understand the language, you can show your thumbs up to praise your host. This is the beginning of establishing a harmonious relationship with the host.

Taboos of Hui and Salar nationalities are deeply influenced by Yilan religion. I don't eat pork, the meat of dogs, horses, mules, donkeys and other animals that don't ruminate, and I don't eat the blood of all animals. Anyone who slaughters livestock must ask the imam or the elderly to slaughter according to religious rules. Any meat slaughtered by foreign teachers or incorruptible laymen is regarded as unclean. Smoking and drinking are prohibited. Turks also don't eat mules, horses and donkey meat. They don't want others to pee in the barn and sit on the kang. They don't want to sit on their host's pillows and quilts. No one is allowed to come to the house within one month after giving birth. They don't want to walk in front of their elders in irregular women. They don't want to go out to do business in the morning and touch empty barrels and unclean things.

People of all ethnic groups have a strong religious consciousness, especially those believers who are spotless and lead a strict religious life. They cannot show contempt or distrust, or ask questions and ask questions, which will cause disgust. When visiting a mosque, you should pay special attention to hygiene. You should not spit, litter, smoke, sing or shout, and keep a solemn atmosphere. Generally speaking, you can't just visit the bride. If you want to enter, you have to get the permission of the imam and the imam, and you can only enter if you take off your shoes. You can't read classics. Traveling to a Buddhist temple is not as strict as a mosque, but it should be civilized. Don't touch Buddha statues, Buddhist scriptures, murals, utensils, etc. Put your hands in the Buddhist temple, let alone cross it from above. Don't walk up and down in front of monks when they get together to recite scriptures. Generally speaking, you can't point at the Buddha statue, make comments and make noise when visiting. You can't take pictures without the permission of the management. When turning the wheel or burning incense to worship Buddha, it should be clockwise from left to right, which is irreversible. Generally speaking, the heads and hats of Tibetans and monks should not be touched, and paper printed in Tibetan should not be thrown around, let alone used as toilet paper. Stones engraved with Tibetan should be kept in a clean place, and they should not be bumped or broken. If you are a Buddhist, when you enter a Buddhist temple, take off your hat, put your hands together and raise them to your forehead to show your piety; If you give alms in front of the Buddha statue, you will get generous care from the management.

Strict implementation of the party's ethnic and religious policies and respect for the customs and habits of ethnic minorities are the key to doing a good job in ethnic customs tourism and religious pilgrimage tourism, which must not be ignored, resulting in unpleasant and unfriendly consequences.