Hainan Li ethnic group guide words

Dear tourist friends: Hello everyone! Welcome to travel to our beautiful and rich Hainan. First of all, on behalf of our Hainan Travel Agency, I would like to extend a warm welcome to everyone, and at the same time, I would like to say that you have worked hard along the way.

I am the tour guide for this special Li trip. My name is Dong Qi. You can call me Director Dong or Xiao Dong. Next to me is the driver, Master Yan. Strict and strict, Master Yan has many years of driving experience, so everyone can be completely assured during the driving

process. During these two days of travel in Hainan, Xiao Dong and Master Yan will provide services for everyone.

We sincerely hope to be everyone's good friends. If you have any questions

or requests during this trip, feel free to ask them and we will do our best to solve them for you.

Our destination is Lingshui County. Today our theme is: Experience the culture, eating habits and customs and festivals of the Li ethnic minority in Hainan

.

The Li people are the earliest residents of Hainan, and their history can be traced back to the Neolithic Age, which lasts thousands of years. The long historical development has gradually formed its own unique customs and habits.

The Li people have their own language, and the Li language belongs to the Li branch of the Zhuang-Dong language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family. Due to long-term interactions with the Han people, many Li people can also speak Chinese. In the past, the Li people did not have their own written language and used Chinese characters. In 1957, they created the Li script based on the Latin alphabet. Ancestor worship and nature worship were once popular, and now some people believe in Christianity.

The houses of the Li people include boat-shaped houses and ziggurat-shaped houses. The boat-shaped house is a traditional bamboo-wood structure building, which looks like a boat canopy and is semi-cylindrical. The materials used to build the house are thatch, wood, bamboo, red and white rattan, mountain hemp, etc.

The wood is mostly made of high-quality, strong and durable lattice wood. Boat-bottom-shaped houses can be divided into paved-shaped houses and elevated ones, with doors opening at both ends of the house. The paved floor is raised with stones, about 1 foot above the ground, and the elevated floor is supported by wooden piles, 6 feet above the ground, and people live on it.

The gold-shaped house uses tree trunks as supports, bamboo slats as walls, and a layer of mud.

The Li people mainly focus on agriculture, but also engage in handicrafts, animal husbandry and commerce. Li areas are rich in coastal fishery and salt industry

resources. It is one of the important rubber production bases in China. The staple food of the Li people is rice, and the traditional bamboo tube rice is fragrant. Both men and women like to drink glutinous rice wine. Usually several people sit around the wine jar, insert a thin bamboo tube into the jar, and take turns to drink the wine. Some people also use bowls to hold the wine.

The marriage custom of the Li people is: young men and women are free to fall in love; widows are free to remarry.

When Li people die, they practice burial in the ground. Funeral rituals vary from place to place, and they pay more

attention to the choice of cemetery.

Etiquette: When a guest arrives, the host greets him at the door, takes out tobacco leaves, chimneys and fire, invites the guest to smoke and rest outside the door, and then invites him inside to drink. At the banquet, the guest and host sit across from each other. If the guest is a male guest, he will drink first and then eat; if he is a female guest, he will eat first and then drink. If he is a good friend, he will drink and sing to each other.

Taboo: Neither you nor others are allowed to mention the names of their ancestors. If an outsider accidentally mentions the name of their ancestors in person, it will often cause discomfort to the other party; some Li people It is forbidden to kill or eat cats.

The Li people in Hainan are divided into five major dialect areas: Ha dialect, Qi dialect, Run dialect, Sai dialect and Meifu dialect.

The Li costumes in each dialect area have their own characteristics, and the Li costume craftsmanship Delicate and exquisite, rigorous and generous, the use and blending of patterns and

colors are very particular, mainly with black, white and zong as the basic tones, adding red, blue,

yellow and green. , green and other combinations, which are very distinctive: women wear double-breasted long-sleeved tops and tube skirts, and some wear pullover tops, with their hair tied behind their heads, with bone hairpins and other decorations, wearing Green flower headscarf; men wrap their heads with red or black cloth, wear collarless double-breasted tops, and wear "hanging eaves" with two pieces of cloth on the front and back. The industrious and intelligent Li people express their good wishes through beautiful clothing, exaggerate the festive atmosphere, and express their eager pursuit of peace, auspiciousness, and happiness. Modern Li clothing design The designers are using their ingenuity, rich imagination

and creativity to skillfully and perfectly integrate the characteristics of Li costumes with the essence of individual costumes.

Continuous innovation based on the original clothing creates a more colorful clothing culture, which marks the sublimation of civilization and the development and progress of famous ethnic groups. Daily food customs The Li people are accustomed to eating three meals a day, with rice as their staple food and sometimes some miscellaneous grains. The first way to make rice is to cook it in a clay pot or iron pot, which is roughly the same as the Han people's method of stewing rice

. The other is a very unique picnic method, that is, take off a bamboo tube, put an appropriate amount of rice and water in it, roast it in the fire, and cut open the bamboo tube to take out the rice during the meal. This is the famous "bamboo tube" meal".

If

the hunted game and lean meat are mixed with fragrant glutinous rice and a small amount of salt, put into a bamboo tube and burned into fragrant glutinous rice, the aroma will be even more fragrant.

It is a treasure for entertaining guests. Gourmet food. Typical food Bamboo tube rice is a traditional flavor food of the Li people. In addition, there are:

"Xiang", a Li flavor dish, there are two kinds, namely "fish tea" and "meat tea" in Chinese; glutinous rice cakes. Fragrant glutinous rice is a specialty of the Li region. The stewed rice with fragrant glutinous rice is praised as "one family cooks fragrant rice, and hundreds of families smell the fragrant rice". Porridge is rice porridge, which is a common staple food for Li people. Especially in the hot summer, it is often cooked once a day for consumption throughout the day. "Lei

Gonggen" is a kind of wild vegetable often eaten by Li people. It is a very delicious delicacy when cooked with small fish, shrimp or meat bones in the river; " "Gotu kola" can also be used medicinally, and can reduce inflammation and detoxify. "Nanfu" is a side dish that Li compatriots used to eat.

The preparation method is to wash crabs, frogs, fish, shrimps or birds and animals, cut them into pieces, add salt and mix well. ,

Put it in a gourd-shaped jar, cover it and seal it with banana leaves and tie it tightly. Place it in a moist place or bury it in the ground. After

one month or several months, it will be ready. Take out and eat. However, the sanitary conditions for making "Nanxuan" are difficult to control, and it is now rarely made and eaten. "Xiang" is a delicacy of the Li people, which can only be eaten during festivals or when distinguished guests come to visit. There are two types: "fish tea" and "meat tea". Rat-eating is also a custom of the Li people. Mountain rats, voles, house mice, and squirrels can all be hunted.

When eating rats, first put the rats into the fire and burn them for a while, then scrape off the fur and remove the internal organs, and then roast or burn them. Most Li compatriots are addicted to alcohol, and most of the wine they drink is home-brewed low-alcohol rice wine, sweet potato wine, and cassava wine. The wine brewed from Shanlan rice is well-known far and wide and is often given as a valuable gift. Compatriots of the Li nationality like to chew betel nut. The way to eat it is to cut the betel nut into petals, wrap it with Zanthus leaves, add lime paste and shredded tobacco, put it in your mouth and chew it carefully. It is chewy and fragrant, and can make people look red and energetic as if they have drunk wine. Eating betel nut regularly also has the effect of preventing diseases

curing diseases and beautifying the skin. Therefore, the Li people regard betel nut as a food for health and longevity. Festivals, etiquette, food and customs of the Li people

Most of the festivals are the same as those of the Han people, such as the Spring Festival, which is basically the same as the Han people's Spring Festival. Before the Spring Festival,

every family has New Year’s dinner, brews New Year’s wine, and cooks “Leng Ye” (a kind of rice cake), and also eats glutinous rice cakes. The method is: boil the cooked glutinous rice cakes.

Pour the rice into a mortar and pound it until it is elastic, then pinch out a piece, knead it into a palm-sized piece, and you can try it new).

Lamp leaves can be stored for a period of time and become very tough. They can be sliced ??with a sharp knife and then grilled or fried to give them a unique flavor. In some areas, Li compatriots also make New Year rice dumplings without meat filling. On New Year's Eve, we begin to worship our ancestors, eat New Year's dinner and drink New Year's wine. On the first day of the lunar month, people stay at home behind closed doors, and only on the second day of the lunar month do they go out to visit relatives and friends, go hunting in the mountains, or go down the river to fish for shrimps, and hold various festive activities with ethnic characteristics until the tenth day of the first lunar month. It ended after five.

The unique festival "March 3" of the Li people originates from a legend about the reproduction of future generations by the ancestors of the Li people. On this day, young men and women

should wear beautiful national costumes. Holding black umbrellas and Shanlan wine, the women carried small waist baskets and towels to hide glutinous rice cakes, dried bacon, etc., to worship their ancestors in front of the legendary Mother Cave, and then eat together

The food we brought was the same as the entertainment, and we met our loved ones. After meeting each other, the man and woman sing to each other and express their feelings to each other, and eat a kind of "Lamp Leaf" cake with sugar heart embedded in it. Every year on March 3rd of the lunar calendar, Li compatriots who have the virtue of respecting the elderly bring home-pickled mountain vegetables, brewed rice wine, and ready-made cakes to visit the prestigious elderly people in the village; young people The men went out in groups to hunt and fish, while the girls grilled fish and cooked rice. As night fell, the young men danced the traditional Li dance, and the young men and women sang folk songs due to each other. Once they fell in love, the girl tied the colorful waist belt she knitted herself around the young man's waist. , young men will also put earrings on little girls' ears or hairpins on girls' buns. What is their most distinctive dance? I believe everyone knows this, right? Yes, that is

Bamboo pole dance. Bamboo pole dance is also called "firewood dance". The collision of bamboo poles creates a lively and lively rhythm. Li girls in festive attire

jump nimbly to the rhythm. Unskilled or timid dancers will be fooled

The pole clamps the feet, and a girl or young man who is good at dancing will often win the favor of the opposite sex due to his cleverness and agility.

The cheerful rhythm of the bamboo pole dance immersed the entire Shuimanshang Village in a festive atmosphere.

Dear tourist friends: Our trip is basically over here, and I am very happy to spend time with you all

. I hope that the happiness and joy I have brought to you will remind you of another friend of yours in the future - Tour Guide Xiaodong. I would like to use four "source" words to express my feelings: the first one is fate

Fate. It is fate that we can meet each other. People say that after hundreds of years, we can travel in the same boat, and we can also travel in the same car.

Now we

are about to separate, but the fate is not over yet, it is just the beginning. The other one is the source of the source. I believe that this journey is the beginning of my friendship with all my friends. The third one is the origin of forgiveness. During this seven-day journey, I may have done a lot of things that I didn’t do well, but it was all thanks to everyone’s understanding and help that I was able to complete it successfully

this journey. I am here to sincerely hope that everyone can forgive the tour guide Xiaodong. It’s a happy ending in the end

My friends, our journey has come to a successful end here.

I wish you all to reach a higher level in your future work

!