Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Tourist attractions - Plus 100! Ecological Protection and Harmonious Tourism in Mauritius
Plus 100! Ecological Protection and Harmonious Tourism in Mauritius
Water resources are polluted by man-made waste, which leads to the widespread prevalence of aquatic infectious diseases and tropical infectious diseases. Among them, Comoros, which is located in Africa, had a serious cholera epidemic in 1975, 1998 and 200 1 respectively.
In order to meet the people's water demand, the governments of Mauritius and Maldives have invested heavily in establishing a pipeline water diversion network, which has now covered all residents. However, due to pipeline leakage, half of Mauritius's water consumption is wasted, and it is estimated that the country will become a water-deficient country by 2025.
In order to solve the problem of water shortage, Mauritius has begun to turn to seawater desalination. However, because this country relies on imports for all its energy, desalination will further increase its energy burden, thus affecting the long-term economic development.
In addition, the increasing demand for water and climate change will further aggravate the shortage of fresh water in many Indian Ocean island countries.
Relevant government officials and experts from small island countries will hold an international meeting in Mauritius from 5 to 4 June 2005 to review the implementation of the Plan of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States. At the same time, the meeting will conduct a 10-year evaluation of the Barbados Plan of Action for Small Island Developing States.
Over the past decade, small island developing States in the Indian Ocean have been taking positive actions to this end. Mauritius has developed a grading plan for waste recovery and treatment. At present, the country and Comoros have joined the regional seas plan of the United Nations Environment Programme. East African countries have also formulated relevant action plans, aiming at establishing relevant laws, promoting resource protection, strengthening capacity building and public awareness education, and focusing on the causes and treatment methods of marine and coastal pollution and degradation.
At the same time, some countries are also seeking to actively respond to climate change. Mauritius was the first country in the region to ratify the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and launched a pilot project to monitor the impact of coastal climate change. One of the tasks is to set up many monitoring points to monitor and analyze the sea level. The project is funded by the United Nations Environment Programme, the Indian Ocean Commission and the World Meteorological Organization.
The Republic of Mauritius (Mauritius for short), located in the Indian Ocean in southeast Africa, is a volcanic island country. It is located about 800 kilometers east of Madagascar and 2200 kilometers away from the African continent. The coastline is long 177 km, winding, surrounded by coral reefs and lagoons. There are plains along the coast. With an area of 2,040 square kilometers and a population of165438+200,000 (1996), it is one of the most densely populated countries in Africa. Port Louis, the capital. The official language is English.
Mauritius has a subtropical maritime climate, which is hot and humid all year round. The average annual temperature in coastal areas is 25℃, and that in central plateau areas is 20℃.
At present, sugar industry, export processing industry and tourism are the three major economic pillars of Mauritius. More and more people from all over the world travel to Mauritius, and eco-tourism has developed rapidly.
(1) overview of forestry
Mauritius was originally a desert island. Before the arrival of Portuguese immigrants in 1500 and Dutch immigrants in 1539, there were abundant virgin forests of persimmon, Caprifoliaceae and Palmae. After 17 15 was occupied by France, all palm groves disappeared. Subsequently, persimmon trees were also extinct because of French shipbuilding and building houses. 18 10 was named Mauritius. 18 14 became a British colony. British immigrants introduced their existing forestry knowledge, and the Ministry of Forestry was born, which is now the Mauritius Forest Service. In order to meet the needs of life and cultivated land, the British cut down a large number of mountain olive forests. At present, the native vegetation growing on the land in Mauritius is less than 1%, and a large number of exotic tree species have invaded the forest.
In the early 1990s, the forest area in Mauritius was 57 059hm2, and the forest coverage rate was 28%. The national private forest area is 34 540hm2. The state-owned forest covers an area of 225 1.9 hm2, of which 4,600 hm2 are national parks and nature reserves. Planting area 12 400hm2, of which 79% is pine and conifer. What are the main tree species? Pelliotti? (about 80%). Fruit and feed are by-products of forests, and residents are allowed to pick them freely in state-owned forests.
Mauritius is an island country, land is a scarce resource, and artificial forests are not enough to meet the domestic demand for wood. Wood production can only meet 30% of domestic demand. Most hardwoods are imported. Furniture industry and construction industry mainly rely on imported wood. The demand for hardwood has brought great pressure to the forest. In order to achieve sustainable forest management, 75,000 cubic meters of logs are imported every year to meet the growing domestic demand. Annual sales of about 10000 m3 softwood and 200m3 hardwood. In China, about 3 000m3 of small poles used as scaffolding, tools and handles in the construction industry can be produced every year. The sales of Christmas trees, tool handles, saplings and other products are about 1 10,000 Mauritius rupees. Mauritius has made an annual logging plan of about 100hm2. Cut it every year? 8000 cubic meters? Wood.
Mauritius is the first signatory to the Convention on Biological Diversity. The government attaches great importance to biodiversity conservation and is implementing a national plan for biodiversity conservation.
1994 announced the establishment of the first national park with a large number of original vivid plants, covering an area of 6 574hm2. In order to protect forests and wildlife, 1983 promulgated the law on the protection of forests and protected areas, and 1993 promulgated the law on the protection of wildlife and national parks. In order to prevent air pollution and improve air quality, the Environmental Protection Law promulgated in 199 1 was revised in 199 1 year, adding air quality standards and implementation methods, and strictly controlling the types and emissions of pollutants discharged into the air by various factories. The revised Environmental Protection Law has been implemented since 1 February, 9991day.
(2) Organization and its management
Mauritius Forest Service is a department under the Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, which is responsible for the management of state-owned forest land. All the funds of the Forestry Bureau are allocated by the government. The Forestry Bureau currently has 3 senior staff, forestry technicians 126, supervisors 1 person and employees 1.300. Generally speaking, there is a shortage of technicians. In recent years, due to the gradual mechanization of forestry labor such as land preparation, the number of personnel in the Forestry Bureau has decreased.
The goal of Forestry Bureau is to produce 6,543,800 bamboo and ornamental seedlings every year. In order to implement the afforestation project, about 1 10,000 saplings were planted in the state-owned forest land, 200hm2 was planted, 700hm2 of young forests were operated, and10.5 million m3 of wood and small wooden poles were produced.
The main objectives of forest management of Forestry Bureau are: protecting highland forests, preventing soil erosion and protecting rare animals and plants; Production of wood, small wooden poles and other forest products to meet local demand; Protect the best forest land to produce forest by-products, such as game and firewood. Raising deer in state-owned and private forests can produce about 300 tons of deer meat every year. About 5000 cubic meters of fuelwood are produced every year, some of which are made into charcoal.
(3) Forestry education
Before 1997, there were neither forestry universities nor forestry research institutes in Mauritius. Comprehensive universities do not offer forestry courses.
Beautiful Mauritius: http://www.chinacitywater.org/bbs/viewthread.php? tid = 549 14
It seems that what I said is the comparative disadvantage of Mauritius, but thank you for giving me the opportunity to know a beautiful country. But her future is worrying. ...
Mauritius: Drought forced the government to drastically reduce water supply.
http://www.chinacitywater.org/bbs/viewthread.php? tid = 19 128
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