What new policy does the government have for the countryside?

On May 7th, 28, Zhang Dongsheng, director of the Employment and Income Distribution Department of the National Development and Reform Commission, and Hu Deqiao, deputy director of the Department, conducted an online interview on the Chinese government website focusing on "Doing a good job in promoting employment". Netizens asked questions enthusiastically and received enthusiastic responses. Based on the interview, the answers to the hot issues that netizens are concerned about are as follows:

Q: What impact will the current economic situation have on employment?

a: since the beginning of this year, the national economy has maintained steady, sustained and rapid development, and the gross domestic product has actually increased by 1.6% year-on-year. Driven by this, all employment work has made good progress on the whole. In the first quarter, more than 3 million new jobs were created in cities and towns nationwide, 3% of the annual plan was completed, and the registered unemployment rate in cities and towns was 4%, down .1 percentage point from the same period last year. At the same time, we should also see that the unstable factors in the current economic development have increased, which may have an impact on employment.

First, it is expected that the economic growth rate will slow down this year, and the growth rate of GDP in the first quarter dropped by 1.1 percentage points year-on-year. Internationally, the impact of the subprime mortgage crisis has not yet bottomed out. The oil price reached $122 a barrel yesterday, the food price continued to climb, and the global economic growth slowed down. Second, the economic restructuring has intensified, and energy conservation and emission reduction and elimination of backward production capacity will also involve the placement of employees in some industries and enterprises. Third, due to the appreciation of RMB, rising production costs and declining international demand, some export enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises and labor-intensive enterprises, are facing difficulties in production and operation, which will adversely affect employment to some extent.

q: what is the overall progress of employment in China in recent years? What results have been achieved? What has the Development and Reform Commission done as a macroeconomic regulation and control department in expanding employment?

a: in recent years, China's employment work has made overall progress. First, the scale of employment continues to expand. By the end of 27, the number of employed people in China reached 769.9 million, an increase of 25.58 million over the end of 23. During the five years from 23 to 27, more than 51 million new jobs were created in cities and towns. The registered unemployment rate in cities and towns decreased steadily, from 4.3% in 23 to 4.% in 27. Second, the employment structure has been further optimized. By the end of 27, the number of employed people in cities and towns reached 293.5 million, accounting for 38.1%, 3.7 percentage points higher than that in 23 (34.4%), and the proportion of employed people in the tertiary industry increased. Third, the re-employment work has achieved remarkable results. From 23 to 27, a total of 24.8 million laid-off workers were re-employed. Fourth, the number of rural labor transfer and employment has continued to increase. Fifth, the employment of college graduates is progressing steadily.

About the work done by the National Development and Reform Commission in expanding employment. First, strengthen macro-control and create a good economic environment for achieving various employment goals. Putting the expansion of employment in a more prominent position in economic and social development will increase the scale of employment and control the unemployment rate, which will be included in the national economic and social development plan as an important goal of macroeconomic regulation and control, and promote the coordinated development of economy and employment. Second, actively adjust the economic structure and improve the ability of economic growth to stimulate employment. Vigorously develop the tertiary industry, introduce policies and measures to promote the development of service industry, actively develop labor-intensive industries with comparative advantages and market demand, support small and medium-sized enterprises, and promote employment growth. Actively carry out employment promotion work, study and draft policies and measures on developing tourism to promote employment, and attach great importance to the resettlement of employees involved in the process of eliminating backward production capacity. The third is to coordinate urban and rural development and promote the transfer of rural labor. Increase investment in rural infrastructure, vigorously develop county economy, strengthen the construction of small towns, improve the ability of rural labor force to transfer employment services, promote urban and rural development as a whole, and guide rural labor force to go out and transfer employment locally and nearby. Fourth, strengthen vocational education and training to improve the employability of workers. From 25 to 21, 1 billion yuan will be arranged every year, and 6 billion yuan will be invested in special funds to improve the teaching and experimental infrastructure and supplement and update experimental training equipment, so as to improve the quality of running schools and training ability. In addition, we also earnestly carry out macro-policy research on employment, timely analyze the situation, grasp the dynamics and make suggestions.

Q: What are the main difficulties and problems facing employment at present? Will energy conservation and emission reduction and elimination of backward production capacity lead to new unemployment? How can we continue to implement macroeconomic policies conducive to expanding employment?

a: in recent years, the overall employment situation is good, but it also faces some difficulties and problems. On the one hand, there are uncertainties in economic growth, on the other hand, the employment objectives and tasks are heavier, and greater efforts are needed to do a good job in employment. The contradiction of total employment and structural contradiction is a long-term problem faced by China's employment work. In addition, some laid-off workers have come into being during the reform of state-owned enterprises. Over the past five years, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have implemented a series of active policies to promote employment, and the fundamental problems have been alleviated, but there are still some problems left over from history that have not been solved. Judging from the situation this year, on the one hand, we must do everything possible to expand employment, on the other hand, we must do everything possible to prevent layoffs and unemployment, and we must do both things well.

Doing a good job in energy conservation, emission reduction and elimination of backward production capacity is an important measure to implement Scientific Outlook on Development and realize sustainable development. In the long run, it is a correct path to benefit the country and the people and make the economy more benign and scientific. In the process of implementation, some employees will leave their original posts. In this regard, we will promote the work of closing bankrupt enterprises and eliminating backward production capacity in accordance with the law, in a planned and step-by-step manner. At the same time, some policies and measures, including fiscal and taxation policies, will be taken to alleviate the laid-off pressure of these employees.

on the implementation of macro policies conducive to expanding employment: first, coordinate industrial policies and employment policies to promote the optimization of employment structure. Actively play the guiding role of planning and industrial policies, promote the healthy development of the industry, and enhance the role of employment. Vigorously develop domestic and international trade and international economic cooperation, and create jobs in various ways and channels. The second is to improve the investment policy and give play to the leading role of major investment projects in employment. When arranging major investments and determining major construction projects, the government should give play to the role of investment and major construction projects to promote employment and increase employment. Third, continue to implement regional policies to promote coordinated development and promote the balanced growth of employment between regions. Continue to implement the overall strategy of regional development and increase support for the central and western regions. Support ethnic minority areas to develop economy and expand employment. Promote the construction of small towns, accelerate the development of county economy, and guide rural surplus labor to transfer employment locally and nearby. The fourth is to implement fiscal and taxation policies that are conducive to promoting employment. In accordance with the requirements of the Employment Promotion Law, increase capital investment; Increase financing channels for small and medium-sized enterprises and increase credit support for small and medium-sized enterprises; Preferential charging policies are implemented for people with employment difficulties in engaging in self-employment and other aspects.

q: what should be done to coordinate urban and rural employment?

A: Coordinating urban and rural employment is a major strategic plan put forward by the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. According to this requirement, in addition to the original urban employment and re-employment of laid-off workers from state-owned enterprises, we should also do a good job in employment of farmers in cities, local employment of farmers, employment of college graduates, employment of disabled people and employment of women.

First, we will further deepen the reform of labor and employment and related systems, gradually eliminate the separation of systems and policies, integrate the current talent market, labor market and employment market for college graduates, and promote the establishment of a unified national human resources market. Second, actively create a fair employment environment and eliminate employment discrimination. Further improve the employment environment of migrant workers in cities, strengthen the training of rural labor transfer employment skills, and promote the transfer of rural surplus labor. The third is to establish and improve a social security system that is compatible with the characteristics of urban and rural employment. While further improving the urban social security system, we will strengthen the social security construction for migrant workers, flexible employees and other difficult groups. The fourth is to strengthen employment assistance for people in need, especially for urban zero-employment families and rural zero-transfer families. Attach great importance to the employment of disabled people and veterans. Fifth, take the employment of college graduates as an important part of this year's employment work, further strengthen the public employment services and skills training for college graduates, and improve their employability.