Siheyuan Travel Guide Siheyuan Travel Notes

1. Siheyuan Travel Notes

This is a travel note about entering the ancient city of Pingyao. I only saw a moat outside the ancient city of Pingyao and an ancient city wall inside. Once you enter the ancient city, it becomes lively. Shops large and small, with a dazzling array of products, are dazzling. For more travel notes about Pingyao Ancient City, please visit Giant Essays.com.

Our family took a bus for a day and came to the ancient city of Pingyao, Shanxi. Pingyao Ancient City, located in the central part of Shanxi Province, is one of the four well-preserved ancient cities in China. It is also a county town in ancient China that has been declared a world cultural heritage by the entire ancient city.

It's past seven o'clock. Here is the clock. Our coaches cannot drive into the city and can only park in parking lots outside the city. We took a tour bus and wandered into town. I saw the moat outside Pingyao Ancient City and the ancient city wall inside. Once you enter the ancient city, it becomes lively. Shops large and small, with a dazzling array of products, are dazzling. The sightseeing bus took us through many alleys and came to an inn. The inn is a wooden courtyard with strict and symmetrical layout. Courtyards are often separated by ornately decorated hanging flower doors. Most of the inns are beautifully decorated.

The next day, we came to the ancient city wall. At present, the ancient city basically retains the prototype of the county seat during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and is known as the turtle city. Its square walls are said to be turtle-shaped: there are six gates in the north and south, and two gates in the east and west. The south gate is the turtle head, the north gate is the turtle tail, and the east gate and west gate are the turtle limbs. The city's four main streets, eight side streets, and seventy-two alleys form the Bagua pattern on the tortoise shell. The pattern of streets and lanes intertwined with longitude and latitude is well organized and has clear priorities. Now there are more than 50,000 residents living in the ancient city!

2. Siheyuan Appreciation

The wing rooms are located on both sides of the main house, symmetrical from east to west, and close to the gable of the main house. Some of them are two rooms with a small layout, like two ears hanging on both sides of the main room, so they are called side rooms. Often used as an auxiliary room or storage room, it can also be used as a study or bedroom. The larger quadrilateral wing also has a similar layout.

The wing room is generally the same as the main room. There is no corridor under the eaves, but a small courtyard, which is composed of the north wall of the wing and the surrounding wall. There is a moon door or screen door connected to the main room. Currently, many owners decorate the small yards in front of their houses with rocks and trees. Regardless of whether the wing is used as a study or a guest room, they can enjoy the quiet mountains and flowers in front of the window.

3. Siheyuan folk houses

The so-called four-in-one refers to the east, west, south and north, and one-piece means that four houses are surrounded together to form an opening-shaped structure. After hundreds of years of construction, Beijing's courtyard houses have formed their own unique Beijing style from their floor plan, internal structure to detailed decoration.

The typical characteristics of a courtyard house are its regular appearance, symmetrical center line, and extremely flexible usage.

4. Life in the Siheyuan

The novel is "Siheyuan: Starting from Frustration". Introduction to the novel: At this time.

Second Uncle (Liu Haizhong): Niu Dazhuang, what are you doing? Do you want to be fired?

Say it.

The first level of an official would crush someone to death, not to mention that Niu Dazhuang is not an official.

In an instant, Niu Da Zhuangyan, a 1.97-meter-tall Niu Da Zhuangyan.

Niu Zhuang said with aggrieved face, Team Leader Liu, I just have a toothache!

At this moment.

The workers discussed one after another:

Hasn’t Li been with He Yuzhu all the time? Tang Bu can handle it? There is only one person in the Removal Office, Director Li. The name is a research decision of the Removal Office, but isn't it really what Director Li said?

5. Memories of the Siheyuan

Siheyuan, a traditional Chinese architectural type, is an iconic residence in Beijing. Siheyuan is the most familiar building type in China. According to relevant data, it has a history of thousands of years. As early as the Western Zhou Dynasty more than 3,000 years ago, the architectural prototype of the courtyard house already existed.

People always have endless things to say about courtyard houses. At that time, Lao She's famous novels such as the drama "Teahouse", "Four Generations Under One Roof" and "Camel Xiangzi" were published. Set the scene of the characters and their lives in the courtyard story. If the author's Siheyuan is not enough to vividly demonstrate the charm of the Siheyuan, then the Forbidden City in Beijing, one of the American landmark buildings, the world-famous Siheyuan complex, which is known as the largest Siheyuan in Beijing, fully demonstrates the beauty of the Siheyuan.

Earlier we mentioned the styles and types of ancient Chinese architecture. Today, let us talk about the Beijing courtyard house, an architectural type full of national memory.

Look at Chinese culture from the perspective of ancient Chinese architecture, and talk about the characteristic styles and types of Chinese ancient architecture.

First of all, about the formation of Beijing courtyard houses

There are both historical factors and geographical factors.

1) Historical factors

Beijing is a famous historical and cultural city and a gathering place of world cultural heritage. Today, many of the scenic spots and historic sites we see such as the Badaling Great Wall, the Temple of Heaven, the Forbidden City and the Summer Palace are cultural exports of Beijing’s business cards. As early as 3,000 years ago, the Yan State during the Warring States Period first established its capital in Beijing. Later dynasties such as Liao, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing also established their capitals here.

Beijing, the ancient cultural capital of China, is a city with a long history and culture. Affected by historical factors, Beijing has been a city with a diverse population since ancient times.

In a multi-population and multi-ethnic living environment, there will naturally be different thoughts and cultures, so the courtyard house, a relatively independent and closed single-family house, has been born.

2) Geographic factors

Beijing is located in North China, with high terrain in the northwest and low terrain in the southeast. It has a typical warm temperate semi-humid continental monsoon climate, with hot and rainy summers and cold and dry winters, often affected by northerly winds and sand. Restricted by geographical location and climatic conditions, most of the roofs of residential buildings in Beijing are designed in a sloped form to facilitate drainage. In addition, in order to keep out the cold and sand, the walls are designed to be thick and multi-layered, and the outward windows are generally not too large. In addition, in order not to affect ventilation, lighting and sunshine, the roof is not designed to be fully enclosed.

In the end, the pursuit of independence without losing the spacious and bright design concept resulted in the courtyard building we see today.

Two. The architectural layout and form of Beijing courtyard houses (architectural features)

1) Sit facing south.

The courtyard houses in Beijing embody the idea of ??looking at the village and looking for the door. In addition, the architectural features of Beijing’s courtyard houses are also related to the urban planning requirements formulated when the Yuan Dynasty established the capital. The urban planning pattern of most cities in the Yuan Dynasty was north and south streets and east and west lanes, which was a checkerboard pattern. The main functions of streets are transportation, commodity trade, etc. Lane refers to an alley, so it is naturally more appropriate for the house door to open to the southeast. With the development of the times, after that, Beijing's courtyard houses basically retained the architectural style of the Yuan Dynasty, from north to south.

2) Central axis layout

The courtyard is mainly composed of the following parts: gate, main room, reverse seat, wing room, fence, etc.

Before we talk about layout, let’s roughly stroke these terms:

What is the first room mean? The main room (also called the upper room) refers to the room in the middle of the entire house, opposite to the wing room. ; The houses on both sides of the Wing main house. Compared to the side rooms, the main room is naturally better located. The main room has good lighting, is warm in winter and cool in summer, and the general has a high status. The older ones live in the main room. ; Upside down refers to the first yard behind the gate, with a row of north-facing houses to the south. Upside-down houses are generally used as utility rooms or as residences for servants and the like.

The architectural specifications of the Siheyuan: the main house in the north, the east and west wing rooms, the inverted block in the south, houses in the east, west, and south, a patio in the middle, and the entire corridor.

Through the description in the previous paragraph, we can clearly think of the layout structure of the courtyard building. The main building and inverted seats of the courtyard are located on the central axis, and the main building is the main body of the entire building. Its depth, width and other specifications are the primary considerations for the entire building. The main house and the reverse side are facing each other from north to south. The main house is at the first place and usually has three rooms, with the middle room called the Ming room. It is located where the central axis passes. There are many ancestral halls here, which are the regional spaces for public activities, and the second one on both sides is where individuals live. In addition, the wing rooms in front of the main building are symmetrical from east to west and stand opposite each other. Therefore, in general, the architectural layout of a courtyard is centered on the central axis and symmetrical to both ends.

3) Courtyard space

When it comes to Beijing courtyards, what do you think of? Blue bricks and black tiles, red painted doors, exquisite reliefs? Yes, in addition to these, I think the winding alleys could also be used. The ancients said how deep the courtyard was, and clearly understood the architectural characteristics of the courtyard in terms of image and location.

For example, in "A Dream of Red Mansions", Daiyu entered Jia's house for the third time for the third time. The article wrote:

Daiyu helped her old woman enter the Hanging Flower Gate: on both sides were spirits. The carefully selected verandah has a hall in the middle, where there is also a marble screen and red sandalwood shelves. Turn the screen, there is a small third hall, and behind the hall is the main courtyard. There are five upper rooms on the front, all with carved beams and paintings. The verandahs on both sides have wings and are hung with various bird cages such as parrots and thrushes. A group of daughter-in-law and maidservants came in from the inner room holding a beautiful woman in their arms.

Here, we can analyze the courtyard space of the courtyard from four key information points, namely the hanging flower door, the hand-written verandah, the wing room and the back room.

First of all, the hanging flower door refers to the door in the courtyard of the courtyard. It is the only passage between the outer house and the inner house. In short, it is the boundary between the inner and outer houses. In the courtyard building, this door is quite delicate. In ancient times, people often said that you can't go out by the front door, but you can't go out by the second door. The second door mentioned here refers to the hanging flower door.

As we all know, among large families in ancient times, the layout of the courtyard was very particular. The inner courtyard is mainly where the family lives in daily life, and outsiders cannot enter or exit at will. The outer courtyard is the place where guests are received.

So just from this hanging flower door, we can see that the house architecture of the Siheyuan is different from the general intuitive architecture, and the courtyard space of the Siheyuan is more obvious.

ps: Why is it called Diaohuamen? It is named because the carved structure of the capitals hanging upside down at both ends of the front eaves column is generally in the shape of beads and lotus petals.

Secondly, the longevity corridor is a common corridor form in courtyards, connecting the hanging flower door, the main room and the side rooms. This kind of auxiliary building is not only practical, such as for people to sit, lie down and rest, but also convenient for walking in rainy and snowy days. At the same time, it has strong ornamental value. From the word hand-copied verandah, we can see that the layout of the courtyard is tortuous.

Thirdly, the wing room has been mentioned before and will not be discussed here.

Fourth, the secret room is where women live. In the Wing, the secret room, and the different activity areas in the courtyard, Daiyu entered the Jia Mansion. She just walked through the hanging flower door, then walked through the handwriting gallery, and then went to the hall to see the main room, the wing room, and the back room.

Finally she saw the girls walking in a large circle, which showed how deep the yard was. Finally, she had to sigh. How deep is the yard?

Thirdly, about the humanities, art and feelings of Beijing courtyard architecture.

Soviet esthetician Pauliyev once said: People are accustomed to calling architecture the chronicle of the world; when the songs and legends are silent, nothing can remind people of that ancient nation that has never returned. Only the architecture still speaks. The era of human history is

In China, in traditional Chinese cultural concepts, man and nature are connected, so man should conform to nature and live in harmony with nature.

Affected by this, China's ancient buildings are also marked with the harmony between man and nature. In addition, the ancients believed that the sky is like a cover, the place is like a chessboard, and there are four squares in the quadrilateral, symbolizing the place, in which harmony is closed, symbolizing the sky and the design of the quadrilateral, embodying a beautiful concept of the sky It is the roundness of this place and the harmony between man and nature.

2) It embodies the three-three-three-five-four concept of family etiquette in Confucian thought and culture.

Traditional Chinese houses generally have courtyards, which are mainly influenced by traditional Confucian culture.

055-79000 said, so if Shangxian is enabled, the Lord will respect you. If it's cheap and the like, do it if it doesn't flow; if it's close to each other, execute it without any conflicts; be young and orderly, have a successful career, and take a rest.

China's traditional family etiquette concepts include the order of elders and younger ones, the distinction between superiority and inferiority, and distinction between men and women. This is fully reflected in the design and layout of the courtyard.

The distribution of houses in Beijing’s courtyard houses is extremely particular. For example, the main room is for the head of the family, the elderly, and people with noble status; the east and west wings are the residences of the younger generations, with the east wing being the most noble and the west wing being the humble. The eldest son's wife lives in the east wing, and the second son lives in the west wing. The group houses, a row of houses to the east or west of the courtyard, were often occupied by servants.

Therefore, from the perspective of the distribution of housing and accommodation, it fully reflects the family etiquette ideas of orderly aging and orderly hierarchy.

In addition, there are also rear houses and so on. The rear building is located in the innermost courtyard and is generally used as the residence of the owner's daughter. As the old saying goes, boudoir, that is, the boudoir where girls from wealthy families live, usually refers to the innermost courtyard. In ancient times, women's activities were usually restricted to the courtyard, that is, they stayed indoors, and they had to abide by the rules not to go out through the front door and not through the second door. The design of the back building reflects the idea of ??men on the outside and women on the inside.

Tag

Siheyuan is a building composed of east, west, south and north sides, which means that the world is round and the place is also round. Four generations under one roof. The Beijing courtyard house is a representative of ancient Chinese architecture. Its emergence and development are in line with Beijing's historical and geographical conditions. It penetrates into the traditional Chinese concepts of Taoism and nature, and the Confucian etiquette and aesthetic art are full of ancient China.

With the development of modern urbanization, Beijing’s courtyard buildings have suffered certain impacts, but these are not enough to shake its status in the history of architecture. Beijing Siheyuan is a building hidden in the city. When the door is closed, it has its own world. When the door is opened, it is full of people.

6. The Journey that Begins in the Siheyuan

"Xunzi"

Author: Lord of the Heavenly Palace

Introduction

Every movie is a wonderful journey, the gentle girl in Jade Futon, the fear between life and death in "Resident Evil", "The Magic of Hogwarts", "Lin Zhengying's Zombies", the characters in "Marvel Comics" Hero.

Now, when Wang Jie gets this system by chance, it will start this wonderful journey.

Book excerpts

[Ding, the system prompts that the traveler's first world is "The Traveler in Zhutian Film and Television", and his task is to get the best ten altars of sorghum. liquor.

Excuse me, has the traveler started his journey?

Wang Jie didn’t expect that just after he accepted the system, a mission came.

Fortunately, I can decide if and when to accept a mission.

Although this is a 1987 movie, thirty years have passed, but it still looks very interesting. However, Wang Jie also discovered that in this movie, there were certain dangers, including bandits and finally the Japanese devils.

System, accept the task.

7. Former Residence of the Siheyuan

Function of the Siheyuan:

The two courtyards are divided into the front yard and the back yard, also called the inner courtyard. The front yard consists of a gatehouse and an inverted house. The front yard is usually connected by a hanging flower g

The southernmost end of the courtyard is called the reverse room, which is usually used by servants or overnight guests. If you have the conditions to consult the book teacher, this is also room for teaching. The northernmost house is called the main house, and it is the house where the oldest and highest-ranking person in the family lives. If friends come to visit, in a small courtyard house, guests are usually received in the main room, while in a large courtyard house, privacy is important. Generally, a reception room is set up in the back room of the outer courtyard to receive guests. The houses on the east and west sides are called the east wing and the west wing respectively. They are the houses where other family members live according to the principle that the east is expensive and the west is cheap. There are two wing rooms on both sides of the main room. They are not large in size. They are usually used as the master bedroom, a study or a bathroom. There are flowers, plants and trees planted in the courtyard, where you can enjoy the shade in summer and enjoy the snow in winter.

8. Siheyuan Attractions

In fact, the Siheyuan in "Red Sorghum" is built in a greenhouse, restoring the scenery of the old Beijing Siheyuan in the 1960s 1:1. Many building materials with a sense of time are old items bought from the market, so there are no problems with the building materials throughout the courtyard.

The location of Manyuan is naturally in Beijing.

Font In Beijing, courtyard houses used to be a symbol of status. After liberation, in order to solve the large housing problem of Beijing residents, many courtyard houses were transformed into large courtyards that could accommodate more people. As the population increased, the slowly growing yards had to be built with simple houses. The huge courtyard is becoming more and more worthy of its name. There is less gas and more fireworks, and the people are getting more and more crowded. In recent years, the country has introduced a series of vacancy policies to protect the courtyard houses that are a symbol of Beijing.