Experience in reading Das Kapital

After reading a certain work, everyone must have a lot of feelings. At this time, the most important reading experience cannot be forgotten. But what are the requirements for reading experience? The following is my reading experience of Das Kapital (8 selected articles) for your reference only, and you are welcome to read it. Experience in reading Das Kapital 1

I remember that many years ago, I happened to have a chance to read the Chinese version of Das Kapital with curiosity.

I'm curious because I knew in primary school that Marx had been in the British Museum for forty years before he wrote it. Later, in the record of Mr. Zhu Ziqing's prose about his visit to Britain, it was also proved that in the 193s, the British Museum still completely preserved the learning position and footprints left by Marx. Of course, this is a superficial and slightly legendary image. The more substantive question is how big is the social value of Das Kapital? I personally feel the following after reading it.

this is really a classic economic treatise. It is difficult to understand it, although Marx tried his best to explain his thoughts on political economy from the outside to the inside with the most popular sentences and strict scientific logic. This can be seen from the fact that Das Kapital rarely uses complex formulas and obscure words. And when I say that he is difficult to understand, I only mean that Marx used the latest scientific knowledge in almost all fields of society at that time in this book, including almost all scientific knowledge in the two macro fields of human society and natural society. A detailed and extensive study of human society from slave society to the early capitalist society at that time can verify various phenomena and creatively clarify the development direction of human society in the future. In other words, no matter who interprets Capital. To make it clear that every independent political and economic concept, paragraph and chapter in Das Kapital is an expression of the core idea of a paper, we must rely on the relevant articles or abstracts in the Complete Works of Marx and Engels.

It seems troublesome, but there is no other choice. This is the classic of Das Kapital. Of course, the ancestors or scientific research achievements of the same period that are helpful to expound Marx's own arguments will be appropriately selected by Marx himself in his own works. This feeling can't be an excuse for later "vulgar critics or despicable people" to attack and slander him, because human history has entered the 21st century today, and we will still achieve nothing no matter what we do in any field without taking advantage of inheriting our ancestors or the achievements of scientific civilization that have been formed today! It's a pity that I'm not diligent, like Marx, and I still learned a few foreign languages in my fifties. Although I'm only in my forties today, I can't understand the original Capital. The translation expression itself has the objective defect of misinterpreting the original text! Experience from reading Das Kapital 2

Das Kapital expounds the internal structure of capitalist social economy and its economic operation law, as well as the emergence and continuous growth of the proletariat, a social force to realize capitalist transformation, thus pointing out the historical development trend of capitalism. In order to fully describe the operation law of capitalist economy, Das Kapital is divided into three volumes with more than two thousand pages, of which the first volume is the production process of capital, the second volume is the circulation process of capital, and the third volume is the total process of capitalist production.

The first volume "The Production Process of Capital" describes the production process of capitalism, and its task is to study various phenomena when it is investigated as a direct production process. In the process of direct production, the relationships between people, including production relations, exchange relations, distribution relations and consumption relations, are the most direct and simple, and labor and capital, workers and capitalists are in direct opposition face to face.

The second volume, The Process of Capital Circulation, makes a separate investigation on the process of capital circulation, revealing the essence of capital circulation and its fundamental difference from general commodity circulation. Through the analysis of capital circulation process, on the one hand, it clarifies the importance of circulation to capitalist reproduction, and at the same time, it shows a phenomenon that the acquisition of surplus value depends not only on the production process, but also on the circulation process, both of which are at least equally important, which provides a superficial basis for the fact that fuzzy surplus value is only created in the production process. In addition, there are two new concrete forms of capital in the process of capital circulation: fixed capital and floating capital, which further conceals the division of capital in the production process into constant capital and variable capital, thus further concealing the real source of surplus value; In addition, the speed of capital turnover does directly affect the proliferation of a certain amount of capital, which makes people believe that the circulation process is one of the sources of surplus value. The investigation of social capital reproduction and circulation shows that the realization problem is the key to the reproduction process. The important position of the circulation process has been further determined. Observing the capitalist society from the process of capital circulation, the deep essence of surplus value production has been deeply hidden.

The third volume, The Total Process of Capitalist Production, focuses on profit. Marx pointed out: this volume should reveal and explain the various concrete forms produced by the capital movement process as a whole. Capital is opposed to each other in these specific forms in its own real movement. For these specific forms, the forms taken by capital in the process of direct production and in the process of circulation are only special elements. Therefore, the various forms of capital that we will explain in this volume are close to those of capital on the social surface, in the interaction of various capitals, in the competition, and in the usual consciousness of the production parties themselves.

The core point of Das Kapital is the theory of surplus value. If we study the theory of surplus value deeply, we can find the inequality hidden in capitalist society, so that we can thoroughly examine the hypocritical, cold and selfish side of capitalism and provide reference for establishing a more harmonious and humane socialist system. Experience in reading Das Kapital 3

Thoughts after reading the first volume of Das Kapital Recently, I read the first volume of the condensed version of Das Kapital.

the status of das Kapital in China is self-evident. Occasionally, I heard someone say that party member, a native of * * *, didn't read Das Kapital and was called party member * * *. Moreover, it is best to read the German version of Das Kapital, because German-English-Chinese has lost a lot of essence, and translators have more or less joined their own opinions. However, due to my limited ability and energy, I don't have to be as understanding as Old Master Q, so I chose a Chinese condensed version. Some of them impressed me deeply.

there is a maximum working day. This maximum limit depends on two aspects. The first is the physiological boundary: workers must spend part of their time every day resting, sleeping, eating, washing and dressing to meet other needs of the body; The second is the moral boundary, that is, the social boundary. Workers must have some time to study culture, take care of their families and participate in social activities to meet spiritual and social needs. But machines have eliminated all moral and natural boundaries of the working day.

The machine was originally the most favorable means to shorten the working hours, but at this time, it has become the most reliable means to extend the working hours of workers. Hourly wages are calculated by direct labor duration; Piece rate is calculated indirectly by the number of products produced in a certain period of time. Piece-rate wage is the richest source for capitalists to deduct wages and cheat, and it is the most suitable wage form for capitalists to exploit workers. The accumulation of capital, on the one hand, makes social wealth more and more concentrated in the hands of a few capitalists, on the other hand, there is a large number of relatively surplus population, thus widening the gap between the rich and the poor.

However, more and more people with relative surplus have put great pressure on employees, forcing them to overwork and endure the mercy of capitalists. Developed productive forces cannot solve the basic contradiction of capitalism-the contradiction between socialization of production and private ownership of capitalism. Compared with the fact that capitalist ownership based on social production has been transformed into social public ownership, social public ownership is naturally a much longer, more arduous and more difficult process. Capitalist private ownership means that a few plunderers deprive the people, while social public ownership means that the people deprive a few plunderers. The * * * Manifesto of the Productive Party finally appealed to the proletarians all over the world to unite.

There is no denying that Das Kapital is from the perspective of proletarians. Economists such as Adam Smith, Keynes and Malthus stood on the capitalist side. Moreover, contemporary capitalist countries also weaken the basic contradictions of capitalism through various means: national macro-control and social welfare system. Do you have the following problems now? Does your working day exceed the physiological limit+moral limit? Is your salary in the form of piecework ("follow the project" or "get more for more work")? China is not a capitalist country, but why is the gap between the rich and the poor widening? Capitalist society is like this, but what about socialist society? I don't know capitalism without reading The Wealth of Nations, and I don't know socialism without reading Capital. It seems that for the last two volumes of Das Kapital, it is still necessary to make further progress. Learning from reading Das Kapital 4

I have always thought that giving workers a holiday and giving them welfare is beneficial to social and economic development, which was first discovered and put forward by American entrepreneur Ford. Recently, I read Das Kapital and found that there is a similar view in Das Kapital, but the expression is different. Marx's view is that the consumption of workers is a necessary condition for expanding reproduction.

in connection with our reality, a few years ago, we always said that domestic demand was insufficient and consumption was insufficient, but now online consumption is booming, and our consumption is rising. However, the problem is that our "productivity level can't keep up with the people's growing material and cultural needs", and we have to go abroad to buy a toilet seat.

Now the question comes:

1. Consumption is a necessary condition for expanding reproduction, but what if all consumption is foreign products? Then how to expand reproduction in China?

2. If it is simply expanded reproduction, as long as it can make money, it will be launched. Such expanded reproduction will definitely not work. So how can the expansion and reproduction of consumption upgrade the economic industry? How to transform the product? How does the upgrading of this product affect consumption? Is there an economic law curve?

In our country, ordinary people struggle for more than ten years, and their income is only one suite, which is obviously unreasonable. Because this money has been saved until it is re-packed, it has not been used for consumption or investment (at least ordinary people are saving money to buy a house, not from the money cashed in by capital), which is a waste.

Secondly, such a large sum of money is a house. Compared with the money invested in buying a house, the capital circulation promoted by it is very limited, and the stimulus to the economy is very limited. In reality, it is often said that housing prices promote economic prosperity, and I am skeptical. Because the circulation of capital is bound to increase in value. The capital appreciation driven by your house will eventually be reflected in the house. It is impossible for you to increase the capital brought by a house by 2 and finally sell you 1 million. But why is this happening? Businessmen are certainly not stupid. I suspect that this is the work of the local government.

Thirdly, people spend more than ten years to buy a flat, which means that the products produced by people in one or two years' labor time need him to spend more than ten years' labor time in exchange. Is this exploitation? The country should solve this problem. Experience in reading Das Kapital 5

Das Kapital is a scientific masterpiece written by Karl Marx with his life-long efforts to investigate and study the capitalist mode of production. It is not only a masterpiece of economics, but also a masterpiece of philosophy, a masterpiece of scientific socialism, an encyclopedia of Marxism and a bible of the working class!

By reading the first volume of Das Kapital, I learned what are the theories of labor value, surplus value and capital accumulation. The first volume profoundly reveals the objective law of capitalism's emergence, development and eventual extinction from the production process. Turning our thoughts to today's China, I think we can learn a lot from this classic.

(1) act according to the laws of commodity economy and promote the rapid development of social productive forces.

in the process of socialist construction, we have taken detours and made mistakes in exploring what means to develop social productive forces. After years of exploration and summary, we finally chose to engage in a socialist market economy. We should bear in mind that the socialist market economy belongs to the socialized commodity economy. In the socialist market economy, commodities are still the universal and cellular forms of social products, money is still universal equivalent, and the laws of currency circulation and value still play a role in the whole society. Since the socialist market economy is a commodity economy, its production process is also the unity of labor process and value multiplication process. The difference between socialist production and capitalist production lies not in the proliferation of value, but in the social relations of production reflected by this value proliferation, that is, who owns the part of the value proliferation, whether it belongs to a few capitalists or to the broadest masses of workers. The value proliferation of socialism means producing more abundant social wealth for the broadest masses of the people with less labor. Therefore, we must seriously study the ways, characteristics and ways in which commodity production, currency circulation and law of value play a role under the conditions of socialist market economy, and act according to the law of commodity economy operation to promote the rapid development of social productive forces.

(2) Pay attention to the accumulation of capital, and pay more attention to improving the quality of life of the broad masses of people.

under the condition of capitalist society, capital accumulation means that capitalists constantly use the surplus value occupied without compensation, expand the scale of capital and expand the exploitation of workers, so as to continue to extract more surplus value. Therefore, as a result of capital accumulation, on the one hand, wealth is increasingly concentrated in the hands of a few capitalists; On the other hand, it leads to the increasing poverty of the broad masses of workers. Under socialist conditions, workers become the masters of the means of production. On the one hand, the accumulation of wealth is the main source of socialist expansion and reproduction, on the other hand, it is also the material basis and fundamental guarantee for improving the quality of life of the broad masses of people.

therefore, socialism should pay attention to necessary accumulation, and at the same time, it should pay more attention to improving the quality of life of the broad masses of people, fully satisfying their basic needs, and enabling them to truly live a rich, healthy and dignified life. Experience in reading Das Kapital 6

This semester is coming to an end, so it's time to sum up the reading. In this semester, I mainly read the works of Marxism-Leninism and carefully read Das Kapital. I think the basic theory of Marx's economic theory is surplus value theory. This is an original theoretical consequence of Marx.

This time I read Das Kapital, I also made an understanding reading of the relevant figures. Now I have two views on "about surplus value":

First, surplus value or surplus labor is not exclusive in the capitalist era, but has existed since the early days of civilization. It is from the time when a laborer's labor can not only support himself, but also support other non-laborers. In other words, it is after the surplus products that human beings enter the class society, so that some people can be dispersed from the laborers without working.