Spatial unit and spatial structure of urban tourism

Urban tourism space is the most basic problem in many research fields of urban tourism. What is the significance of urban tourism to the development of urban space? What are the requirements for urban space? What is the impact on urban planning? Where do city tourists go to visit the city? Wait, the author makes a preliminary discussion on this.

1 Understanding of urban tourism

1. 1 Definition of urban tourism

At present, academic circles have different definitions of urban tourism. From the essence of tourism, urban tourism is a sightseeing and leisure experience activity based on the city, and urban tourism in a broad sense also includes business exhibition activities. According to the motivation, it can be generally divided into five categories: sightseeing, leisure and entertainment, lunch vacation, visiting relatives and friends, and business meetings. According to the length of time, it can be divided into one-day tour, short-term vacation (1-3 nights), long-term vacation (more than 4 nights), short-term tour of the city, and long-term vacation (going to the surrounding areas based on the city). Business tourism accounts for 15%-200/d'l of the total urban tourism. The nature and scale of a city have a decisive influence on urban tourism. George c, the study of urban tourism in France takes 25,000 people as the bottom line (Cazes and Potier, 1996), and towns with less than 25,000 people cannot be called urban tourism. The official alliance of European urban tourism regards 1997 as its basic condition. The spatial scope of urban tourism is cities (including built-up areas and suburban counties), and urban tourism space is divided into specialized space and dependent space, so it is difficult to distinguish urban residents from tourists outside the city.

With its own resources, cities can attract tourists through leaflets and newspaper advertisements.

However, the existing resource base and management model are difficult to maintain the sustainable growth of urban tourism. To realize this development of tourism, it is necessary to formulate urban tourism strategy. Britain began to formulate its urban tourism strategy in the late 1980' s. 1987 Birmingham Development Department formulated its action plan and strategic document (which proved to be still out of date after 10), and put forward the artistic strategy, heritage strategy, museum strategy, exhibition industry strategy and comprehensive economic development plan for urban development. The strategic objectives include attracting more tourists, prolonging the stay, encouraging more consumption, creating employment opportunities and quality, attracting tourism investment and promoting urban development.

1.2 tourism in poshi

Urban tourism is a rich concept, which can be divided into eight aspects.

Emphasis on significance: sightseeing, leisure and entertainment, business exhibitions and special activities.

Heavy city: historical and cultural area, fashion and entertainment area, sign business area and natural leisure area.

Gravity: commercial gravity, landscape gravity, event gravity, conceptual gravity.

Environment: service environment, information environment, traffic environment and management environment.

Important elements: natural background, history and culture, urban landscape, social economy.

Heavy industry: culture and sports, entertainment and reception with great drinks, commerce and transportation.

Market orientation: citizens, regional markets, domestic markets and international markets.

Heavy scale: community, urban area, suburb and region

Urban tourism is different from tourist city: tourist city refers to the city itself as a tourist destination, and tourism function is an important function of the city. Tourism occupies an important share in the urban economic structure, has an important impact on the city's image and competitiveness, and reflects the nature of cities such as industrial cities and commercial cities. Urban tourism refers to the tourism function and industry of a city, just like urban agriculture and urban industry. Every city has business, but whether it can become a commercial city is the same. By developing urban tourism, starting from several tourist attractions, the overall image and brand of the city will be gradually built and packaged, and the whole city will be built into a tourist city as a tourist destination.

2 the basic unit of urban tourism space

2. 1 is the good point in the light.

It is the most basic unit of tourism space, with hierarchy. There are a series of tourist spots in tourist cities, which are dispersed in different combinations to form different tourist routes. Some are relatively concentrated, forming a tourist center.

2.2 Entertainment Center

Entertainment center is a hierarchical concept, similar to the business center in Yeung Yi. It is a combination of sightseeing, leisure, entertainment, things, transportation, service and other functions. There are several different types: (1) a recreational business district which is formed over the years and centers on temples and integrates religious activities, recreation and commerce, such as Xiangyuan business district in Shanghai, Guanqian street district in Suzhou and Qinhuai River business district in Nanjing. (2) Fashion and dynamic areas featuring unique nightlife or fashion activities, such as Shanghai New World, hengshan road Leisure Street, large nightclubs and carnivals. ; (3) Commercial recreation areas based on urban business districts, such as Nanjing East Road Pedestrian Street in Shanghai and Wangfujing Street in Beijing; ④ Central sightseeing and recreation areas in the same CBD, such as Shanghai Lujiazui-Bund Gold Trade Zone; ⑤ Relying on leisure centers in urban parks, such as Shanghai Green Forest Park ;⑤Rural leisure centers featuring fitness, leisure, entertainment and nature; ⑦ Urban sightseeing and recreation center based on historical ancient towns, scenic spots and nature reserves. There are various forms of recreation centers: round, strip or grid, and urban planning should actively cultivate the formation of such centers.

The recreation belt around the city is composed of different recreation centers, aiming at the outdoor recreation of urban residents, making full use of the location and environmental advantages of suburbs to develop their own outdoor recreation centers. Recreation system around the city formed by the organic use of landscape roads; Recreational belt around the city is the common trend of suburban development in large and medium-sized cities, which together with urban public open space constitutes the urban-suburban recreation system.

2.3 tourist routes and tourist passages

From the perspective of urban space, some main roads in the city are the main channels for tourists to enter the city and the first step for tourists to perceive the city. The landscape image of these passages directly affects tourists' positioning of the whole city image. Urban tourist passages are mainly roads connecting transportation hubs, hotels and places of sightseeing and entertainment. The rational planning and layout of the three is a deep-seated problem that should be paid attention to in urban planning, which directly affects the effect of urban land use. According to different themes, combined with resources and products, different tourist routes can be formed, which are products operated by travel agencies. In terms of spatial layout, the basic tourist routes are mainly determined. In Zhengzhou's tourism development plan, five basic tourist routes are put forward: the northern line, the central line, the southern line, the western line and the southwest line. Basic tourist routes are closely related to road grades, and the requirements for road landscape are also different from those of ordinary urban roads. The passage connecting urban tourist attractions is an important symbol of urban tourism image and a cultural passage.

2.4 China individual tourist center

Whether it is a single-core or group city form, whether citizens or foreign tourists, for a city where private cars are not popular, the distribution center is a necessary branch for tourists to leave the city for outdoor sightseeing and recreation, a transportation transfer center for citizens to reach various tourist destinations in the region, and a starting point for many tourist routes. There is a perfect tourist service indication system and a free consultation center.

2.5 Main Street

In order to enhance urban competitiveness and urban land value, and optimize urban resource combination and spatial structure, various theme streets have appeared in many cities, such as Silk Street, Antique Street, Leisure Street and Cultural Street. These theme streets are generally places where tourists can enjoy themselves, and also places that reflect the city's characteristics, charm and vitality.

2.6 Public roads

Parkway is a special road connecting big cities with suburban forest parks or leisure parks, which was first proposed by the United States. In order to build and use the Park Road, the United States established the Park Road Special Committee (NPP-wc) on 1928. The difference between bus group road and freight and passenger road is that it does not emphasize that the line type is straight. It is built in the criss-crossing sections of scenic canyons, winding along rivers and lakes, with comfortable hotels and picnic areas in the scenic area. Park roads are generally divided into three sections: the first section is directly connected with the urban road network, extending to the city center, the middle section passes through the garden and forest, and the last section is in the suburban forest park, ending at the terminal square, loop or capillary branch pipes with different lengths. Before World War II, new york Central Park was Henry. The starting point of Goodson Park Road North Line is located in Goodson Binjiang Park on the west side of Central Park.

The road landscape of the park has gradually replaced the green corridor with landscape treatment. It is composed of a variety of belt-shaped forest parks with beautiful wheels, allowing people to enjoy the vast Yuan Ye and the small jungles, farms and spires of rural churches in the distance. Ribbon park is a passage for tourists and the simplest form of greening.

At the beginning of the development of park roads, cars, bicycles and carriages traveled, but with the increase of the number of cars, the lanes gradually separated from other sightseeing traffic.

The United States has formed a dense network of parks and roads in its territory, and motels are arranged at the most important hub. Seeing the tourists and profits attracted by the park road, the railway company identified the railway leading to the national park and forest and the railway enjoying the beautiful scenery through the window as tourist railways, but it failed.