What information is there about Macau?

1. Overview of geography, population and climate

Macao is located on the southeast coast of mainland China, on the west bank of the Pearl River Delta, adjacent to Guangdong Province, 60 kilometers away from the Hong Kong SAR, and 145 kilometers away from Guangzhou kilometer. Macau consists of the Macau Peninsula, Taipa and Coloane Island. After long-term continuous reclamation, the total area of ??Macau reaches 32.9 square kilometers, including 9.3 square kilometers of the Macau Peninsula, 7.9 square kilometers of Taipa, 7.6 square kilometers of Coloane, and the Cotai Reclamation Area. 6 square kilometers, New Town Area A and the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge area of ??2.1 square kilometers.

Macao has a subtropical monsoon climate, with hot, rainy and humid summers, clear and refreshing autumns, and little rain in winter. The temperature range is large throughout the year. The temperature can reach over 30℃ from May to October, and from December to February of the following year. It can be as low as below 10℃.

As of the end of 2019, Macao’s total population was 679,600, including 483,100 permanent residents and 196,500 non-resident employees. The population density was 20,700 people per square kilometer.

2. Political System and Legal System

Macao is a special administrative region directly under the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China and the People's Republic of China. The basic principles of the relationship between the central government and the Macao SAR are the principles of "one country, two systems", "Macao people governing Macao" and a high degree of autonomy. The Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region (hereinafter referred to as the "Basic Law") is the basic law enacted by the National People's Congress of China and is the constitutional law of the Macao Special Administrative Region. The effectiveness of the Basic Law comes from the Constitution, and the contents of the Constitution are implemented in the Macao SAR through the Basic Law.

According to the provisions of the Constitution of China and the Basic Law of Macao, the constitutional powers exercised by the central government over the Macao SAR include: the power to create the Special Administrative Region, the power to formulate and amend the Basic Law, and the power to exercise authority over the Basic Law. The power of interpretation, the power to supervise the legislation of the special zone, the power to declare a state of emergency, the power of defense, the power of diplomacy and the power of administrative management, etc. The powers enjoyed by the SAR government include: administrative power, legislative power, judicial power and final adjudication power, as well as the power to handle external affairs on its own and participate in the management of national affairs in accordance with the authorization of the Basic Law.

Macau implements an executive-led political system, which is different from the Western "separation of powers" system. The Chief Executive occupies a core and dominant position in the political structure of the SAR. The Chief Executive of the Macau SAR serves a five-year term and can be reappointed once. The current Chief Executive is Ho Iat-shing, who took office on December 20, 2019. The Chief Executive has jurisdiction over the Department of Administration and Justice, the Department of Economy and Finance, the Department of Security, the Department of Social Affairs and Culture, and the Department of Transport and Public Works. Five departments and their relevant subordinate departments are responsible for enforcing laws and policies and providing direct services to the public.

3. History of Macao

Macao has always been a territory of China. Hundreds of years of collision between Eastern and Western cultures have made Macao a unique city, leaving behind a large number of historical and cultural relics. . In 1535, the Portuguese obtained the right to dock ships and conduct trade at the Macau pier; in 1553, the Portuguese came ashore to live and settled in Macau since 1557; after the Opium War, Portugal invaded Taipa Island and Taipa Island in 1851 and 1864, respectively. Coloane Island.

In 1887, Portugal forced the Qing government to sign the "Draft Agreement of the Sino-Portuguese Conference" and the "Treaty of Beijing", inserting the clause that Portugal would "permanently reside in and administer Macau"; after the founding of the People's Republic of China, , the Chinese government has repeatedly stated that Macau is Chinese territory and advocates resolving this historical issue through negotiation when conditions are ripe; on December 20, 1999, the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Macau; in 2005 On July 15, the Historic Center of Macau officially became a United Nations World Cultural Heritage.

4. Administrative divisions

The Macao Special Administrative Region uses "parish" as the administrative division unit. Macao has seven parishes and one non-parish area. However, "parish" is not a formal administrative structure and has no legal status. The Government of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China in Fengshun Parish, Macao Peninsula.

5. Geological Structure

There are pre-Devonian and Devonian strata in Macao. The sedimentary rocks seen in the wild are exposed on the mountain road south of Seac Pai Bay on Coloane Island. In the shape of a long and narrow strip, clayey sandstone or argillaceous sandstone is exposed in the northern part of Taipa. The Quaternary System in Macao includes alluvial layers, marine deposits, residual slope deposits, colluvial deposits and artificial deposits, etc. Most of them are located on the surface and cover most of the bedrock in this area.