Senior three geography must recite knowledge points.

"Those who get the text get the world". If you want a comprehensive literature, geography must not be a drag. Next, I tidy it up for you. I h

Senior three geography must recite knowledge points.

"Those who get the text get the world". If you want a comprehensive literature, geography must not be a drag. Next, I tidy it up for you. I hope you like it!

one

Climate background of 1:

① The eastern part of China is close to the Pacific Ocean, facing the typhoon area in the northwest Pacific Ocean, the source area of the world typhoon.

② Located in monsoon climate zone, controlled by strong monsoon circulation, the temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation is extremely uneven.

③ The climate is complex and changeable, with strong climate instability.

2 Topographic geological background:

① The terrain is complex and diverse, high in the west and low in the east, with great ups and downs, mainly in mountains and hills.

② Pacific plate subduction, Indian plate collision and crustal activity.

③ Between the Pacific Rim seismic belt and the Mediterranean-Himalayan seismic belt. Summary of high school geography knowledge points 3 biological background:

The vast territory, diverse climate, diverse soil and vegetation types have bred and bred a variety of pests.

two

Memory formula of geography knowledge points in college entrance examination: the mountains of China

One,

There are three horizontal east-west trends, namely, the sky in the north is cloudy, the Kunming Qin in the middle, and the Nanling Mountains in Hunan, Guangxi, Guangdong and Jiangxi.

There are three peaks in the northeast and southwest. Wu Xuefeng is in Taihang Mountain in Xing 'an.

The mountains in Taiwan Province Province are distributed in the east, with Changbai Wuyishan sandwiched in the middle.

The arc-shaped mountains are magnificent, and the Himalayas are like Wolong.

Second,

There are six mountains in the east-west direction, the sky is cloudy and sunny in the south, and the north and south are happy.

Sanpai Mountain in the northeast and southwest, Wu Xuefeng in Xing 'an Taihang, Taiwan Province Province in Changbai Wuyi East.

Northwest-southeast Qilian Mountains, with mountainous terrain in China.

three

great lakes

1, Great Lakes of North America, Sumihuian.

2. The Great Lakes of North America are connected in groups.

Under the action of glaciers, lakes were formed.

There are four in the United States and Canada, and the middle is clear.

Erie, Ontario, Sotheby's and Lake Huron.

Another kind of beauty is unique, called "Michigan".

The total area of the five lakes ranks first in the world.

Fresh water resources are abundant, which is especially beneficial to shipping.

four

Comprehensive economic improvement measures for industrial zones;

1. Adjust the industrial layout, develop emerging industries and tertiary industries, transform traditional industries, ensure the balanced development of all industries and promote the diversification of economic structure.

2. Develop all kinds of resources rationally according to local conditions.

3. Eliminate pollution and beautify the environment; Do a good job in regional planning and strengthen ecological construction

4. Develop transportation and improve the transportation network.

5. Develop science and technology, improve production level and prosper economy, society and geography.

Analysis of agricultural location factors;

"natural factors"

1. Land: topography and soil.

2. Climate: light, heat, precipitation, temperature difference between day and night.

3. Water source irrigation water source

"socio-economic factors"

1. Market

Step 2 transport

3. National policies

4. Labor force

5. Science and technology: development of technologies such as preservation and refrigeration of agricultural products.

6. Industrial base

Location conditions of port construction:

"Natural conditions determine the location of the port"

1. Water conditions: the harbor is wide and the isobath is dense, which is conducive to berthing and sheltering from the wind.

2. Port-building conditions: the land is stable in geology, flat in topography and suitable in slope, which is conducive to the layout of construction land and port facilities.

"socio-economic conditions affect the rise and fall of ports"

1. Conditions of economic hinterland: whether the economic hinterland is vast, the size of passenger and cargo flow and the economic nature of the hinterland affect passenger and cargo flow; Passenger flow and cargo flow affect the rise and fall of ports; The nature of hinterland economy determines the nature of port.

2. The city depends on convenient transportation; Provide manpower, material resources and financial support for the port

3. Policy conditions: building a free trade port in an open area.

Assess the shipping value of rivers;

"natural conditions"

1. Terrain: flat, flowing through the plain, with gentle water flow.

2. Climate: abundant and even precipitation, large river flow, small seasonal variation and short ice age.

3. River course: wide and straight, with deep water.

"socio-economic situation"

The basin has a large population, developed economy, intensive communication and large transportation volume.

Principles and measures of river management:

Governance principle ※

Upstream: flood regulation

Middle reaches: flood diversion and storage

Downstream: flood discharge and bundled water.

Governance measures ※

Upstream: build reservoirs and plant trees.

Middle reaches: construction of reservoirs and flood diversion and storage projects.

Downstream: reinforce dikes, dredge rivers and dig rivers.

Causes of river flood disasters;

"natural causes"

1. Characteristics of water system A. Wide river basin with many tributaries; B. high sediment concentration; C. The plain river course is curved, with slow water flow and poor water flow.

2. Hydrological characteristics A. Flowing through humid areas with abundant rainfall; B. the main stream has a long flood season and a large amount of water.

3. Climatic characteristics The climate was abnormal this year, and heavy rain fell in the basin, causing floods.

"Man-made reasons"

1. Vegetation damage A. Excessive logging, serious vegetation damage, and increased soil erosion, resulting in decreased water conservation, runoff regulation, peak shaving and valley filling, and drought compensation capabilities in the basin; B. Sediments entering the river raise the riverbed and reduce the flood discharge capacity of the river.

2. Siltation around the lake leads to lake shrinkage, and the capacity of flood peak regulation and storage decreases.

Cause analysis and solution of water shortage in a certain area;

Cause ※

"natural causes"

1. Climate: little or insufficient precipitation, large evaporation and uneven seasonal distribution.

2. Rivers: Less surface runoff.

"Man-made reasons"

1. Large water consumption: dense population, developed industry and agriculture.

2. Unreasonable utilization: low utilization rate and serious pollution and waste.

Solution ※

1. Open source: transfer water across river basins, build reservoirs, desalinate seawater in coastal areas, and improve water supply capacity.

2. throttling: reduce water pollution, reduce waste, improve the utilization rate of industrial and agricultural water resources, limit the development of high-energy-consuming water industry, develop water-saving agriculture such as sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation, formulate laws and regulations, raise people's awareness of water conservation, and implement water price adjustment.

Factors affecting dam site selection:

1. The dam site is located in the export pocket area of rivers, canyons or basins and depressions, which is beneficial to dam construction: the engineering quantity is small, the construction cost is low, and the storage capacity of the reservoir area is large.

2. Choose places with good geological conditions and avoid karst landforms and faults.

3. Climatic and hydrological conditions: ensure sufficient water.

4. Consider whether it is necessary to emigrate to build reservoirs and relocate to minimize the flooding of residential areas.

The role of the reservoir:

1. Regulate climate and improve ecological environment

2. Conducive to the development of aquaculture.

3. Conducive to the development of tourism.

It has the function of flood control.

5. It has power generation value.

6. It has irrigation function.

7. Improve the transport value

Location conditions of salt field formation:

1. Climate: high temperature, less precipitation, strong wind and strong sunshine: favorable for evaporation.

2. Terrain: The beach is flat, the coast is muddy and the area is vast.

Location conditions for the formation of fishing grounds:

1. Terrain: a vast continental shelf with direct sunlight, strong photosynthesis and rich bait.

2. Temperate sea area: the temperature changes greatly and the sea water overflows.

3. Estuary: Rivers bring rich nutrients.

4. Ocean current: Confluence current or upwelling seawater overflows, bringing nutrients and rich bait to the seabed.

Site selection conditions for the site selection of satellite launch base;

"natural conditions"

1. Meteorological conditions: sunny weather is required.

Latitude: the linear velocity of the earth's rotation.

3. Terrain: flat and open.

"humanistic conditions"

1. population: the population density per unit area is low, and the land is vast and sparsely populated.

2. Transportation: Convenient transportation

3. Military: meeting the needs of national defense and security.

Tunnel site selection conditions:

It is necessary to choose anticline. A. The anticline rocks arch upward, and the groundwater seeps to both sides, which is not easy to cause leakage; B anticline is dome-shaped structure, which is not easy to collapse.

Location conditions of bus station location:

1. Road condition: the surrounding roads are wide.

2. Contact with traffic inside and outside the city

3. Engineering quantity

Location conditions of airport location:

"natural conditions"

1. Terrain: there is flat and open terrain with proper slope to ensure drainage;

2. Geology: Good geological conditions.

3. Climate: less fog.

"socio-economic situation"

1. Traffic conditions: convenient communication with the local traffic.

2. Economy: Built in economically developed areas.

The direction of building a new socialist countryside;

1. Pay attention to ecological environment construction: increase greening efforts, return farmland to forests and grasslands in a planned way, and improve the ecological environment.

2. Control the population and improve the quality of the population

3. Adjust rural industrial structure, develop rural diversified economy, develop agricultural product processing industry and commodity agriculture, increase investment in science and technology, and increase farmers' income.

five

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is located in the west of Minshan-Qionglai-Jinping Mountain in the southwest of China, between Kunlun Mountain, Altun Mountain, Qilian Mountain and Himalayan Mountain, with an average elevation of over 4,000 meters. It is the highest plateau in the world, and its Mount Everest is 8844.43 meters above sea level, so it is called "the roof of the world". The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was originally a part of the ancient Mediterranean sea floor. Later, in Pliocene-Pleistocene, under the interaction of Asia-Europe plate, Pacific plate and India plate, the rigid Indian plate was pushed by the Indian Ocean expanding northward, and swooped and squeezed along the suture line of Yarlung Zangbo River to the southern edge of the Asian continent.

Because of its low latitude, high terrain, low air density, strong solar radiation, long sunshine time and large volume, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has formed a plateau monsoon climate, which is not too cold in winter, cool in summer, with small annual temperature difference and large daily temperature difference.

The uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has also had a far-reaching impact on the climate in China.

The first is the blocking effect of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau on the westerly airflow.

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau blocked the low-level westerly airflow in China, which was divided into two branches at 60 E, namely, the south branch and the north branch, and the north branch flowed to the Pacific Ocean through northwest, north, northeast and east China. After flowing through the south side of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the south branch airflow turns into a southwest airflow with high temperature and humidity, which affects Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, South China and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China. The last two air streams converge near 1 10 E in the eastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. As shown in figure 1.

In winter, the westerly jet near the ground in China moves south, and the blocking force of its northern branch airflow will be weakened by the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau near the ground, making the climate in the vast areas of northern China cold and dry; However, the airflow in its south branch will be strengthened, and it will meet the cold air in the south in Kunming and Guiyang, forming a quasi-static front in Kunming, which will cause a lot of snowfall in Sichuan, Guizhou, Hanshui River Basin and even Shandong and Liaoning.

In summer, the westerly jet near the ground in China moves northward, and its southern branch airflow will be weakened by the near-ground blocking force of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, making some areas on the southern edge of the Himalayas have the least wind and the most stable weather; Its north branch airflow is just the opposite. With the strengthening of the southwest monsoon, the southwest warm and humid airflow will bring a lot of precipitation to the Yangtze River basin and the Pearl River basin in China. The air flow in the northern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has obvious influence on China, for example, there are many cyclones in northwest China in spring.

In winter, due to the blocking effect of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the influence of topography, the Sichuan Basin is prone to cloudy weather with low wind speed and high air humidity. In summer, due to the "leeward slope" of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, if the southwest warm and humid airflow moves south and the southeast monsoon moves westward, it is prone to drought.

The second is the shielding effect of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau on cold and warm air flow.

In winter, because the air at higher latitudes is difficult to cross the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the area south of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is less affected by the winter wind, and the temperature drops slightly. In summer, the southwest monsoon from the Indian Ocean rarely crosses the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and enters the northwest of China, so the climate in Gansu and Xinjiang will be relatively dry.

Thirdly, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has promoted the winter and summer monsoon in China.

The uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has formed a relatively independent climate unit in eastern China, which makes the thermal properties of land and ocean in China extremely different. Due to the high terrain, the atmosphere over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is heated quickly in summer, and the air flow rises and the air pressure drops, which accelerates the formation of land depression, strengthens the summer monsoon blowing from the ocean to the land, and even affects the eastern and southern parts of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. As shown in figure 2. In winter, the air over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau cools rapidly, and the airflow sinks, which strengthens the land high-pressure forces and urges the airflow to blow from the land to the sea. As shown in figure 3.

Due to the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the East Asian monsoon circulation in China is stronger, the replacement of winter and summer monsoon is more obvious, the continental climate characteristics are more prominent, and the influence of winter monsoon is longer and wider.

4. Influence of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau on Precipitation in South China

Due to the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, a relatively independent monsoon climate zone has been formed in eastern China. Coupled with the influence of typhoon, the precipitation in the south of China is extremely rich, and it has got rid of the bad luck of becoming a desert under the control of subtropical high and become an "oasis" on the Tropic of Cancer.

In short, the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau not only formed a unique plateau climate, but also had a far-reaching impact on the climate in China, making the climate in China complex and diverse.