Where is Zhanjiang mangrove forest?

Zhanjiang Mangrove Reserve was built in 1997, covering an area of 20,278 hectares. It is the largest mangrove wetland reserve in China. This protected area is not a single protected area, but consists of 72 protected communities scattered along the coastline of Leizhou Peninsula in southwest Guangdong Province, consisting of mangrove communities, tidal flats and related intertidal habitats. In 2002, the reserve joined the Ramsar Convention and became an internationally important wetland. Since 200 1, the Chinese and Dutch governments have implemented the protection and management of natural resources in this reserve and its coastal zone through the Sino-Dutch cooperative mangrove integrated management and coastal protection project (hereinafter referred to as IMMCP project). IMMCP project helps the reserve to restore and protect mangrove wetlands and related coastal natural resources. The project involves a lot of contents, focusing on the restoration, protection, education and management of mangroves.

Dazhou Island National Marine Ecological Nature Reserve Dazhou Island National Marine Ecological Nature Reserve is located on the eastern coast of Hainan Island, in Wanning County, with an area of 70 square kilometers. It is a national marine nature reserve approved by the State Council in September, 1990. The main protection targets are the marine ecosystems of Jin Siyan and the islands. Mainland Island is the perennial habitat of Jin Siyan, which is a precious bird that produces bird's nest. Bird's nest is a very precious tonic and medicinal material, which has been listed as a tribute by emperors in past dynasties and enjoys the reputation of "Oriental treasure" and "precious medicinal material".

Sanya Coral Reef Sanya Coral Reef Nature Reserve was established in 1989 and approved as a national marine nature reserve on 1990, with a total area of 8,500 hectares. Sanya Coral Reef Nature Reserve belongs to the coastal area of Sanya City, mainly in Luhuitou and Dadong Sea, including Yalong Bay, Wild Boar Island and East-West Tortoise Island in Sanya Bay, with a total area of 40 square kilometers. The protected objects are coral reefs and their ecosystems. The reserve belongs to the coral reef coast and is located in the natural bay. The annual variation range of seawater salinity is 33.4 ‰ ~ 33.8 ‰, and the annual variation range of water temperature is 23.6℃ ~ 29.3℃. Small wave damage, full exchange of seawater, large shallow water area, little pollution, rich organic matter content and hard substrate are good places for coral growth.

China Marine Special Reserve refers to an area with special geographical conditions, ecosystems, biological and abiotic resources and special needs for marine development and utilization, which is specially managed through effective protection measures and scientific development. Marine special protected areas are divided into national and local levels. Among them, marine special protected areas with significant regional marine ecological protection and important resource development value, which need to be declared at the national level, such as safeguarding national maritime rights and interests, are listed as national marine special protected areas and reported to the State Oceanic Administration for approval. Up to now, there are 15 national marine special protected areas in China.

Liya is located along the South Yellow Sea, about 4 kilometers southeast of Haimen Dongzao Port, with an area of 3.5 square kilometers, and is famous for its rich oysters. The oyster aphid is 1.43 nautical miles long and 0.9 nautical miles wide from north to south in western Shandong. It is located in the intertidal zone of the South Yellow Sea and consists of live oysters and various marine life. Its mystery is that water enters the reef and water comes out of the mountain, which is called "ups and downs mountain" by local people. Experts from Nanjing Institute of Geography, China Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Normal University and Zhejiang University have made on-the-spot investigation and demonstration, and agreed that Oyster Aphid Mountain is the only marine wonder in China, which is rare in the world, and has extremely high scientific research and tourism development value, with a history of 1690 years.

Lianyungang Haizhou Bay is located in the north-south climate transition zone, which is an important intersection of the international bird migration Passage and the dividing line of the north-south distribution of marine life in China. The planned total area of Haizhou Bay National Ecological and Natural Heritage Marine Special Reserve approved by the state is 490.37 square kilometers, which is rich in marine biological resources, unique marine erosion landforms, special bedrock islands and reefs and marine natural heritage resources. It is of great value to the development of marine resources and the protection of ecological environment.

Ma 'an Archipelago is the northernmost island group of Zhoushan Archipelago, located in the center of Zhoushan fishing ground, with a total area of 549 square kilometers, of which the island reef area is 19 square kilometers. The vast sea area and various marine resources constitute an island group marine ecosystem with rich marine biological resources, unique island reef natural landforms and intertidal wetlands as the main body, which has great development, research and protection value.

According to the master plan for the construction of protected areas, the total investment of the project is 420 million yuan, which will be implemented in three phases from 2005 to 2020. The protected objects are marine ecosystems, rare and endangered organisms (China baiji, Chinese sturgeon and other national first-class protected animals; Otter, pangolin and other national second-class protected animals; Fin whales, bottlenose dolphins, finless porpoises, spotted seals, dugong, sea otters, etc. ), aquatic resources (grouper, mussel, Sargassum, etc. ), tourist landscape (flower and bird lighthouse, the first bridge in the East China Sea, stone carvings on the cliffs of mountains and seas, rock reserves, beaches, etc.). ).

Shandong Changyi Marine Ecological Special Reserve is located on the tidal flat east of Dihe River in the north of Changyi City and below the coastline, with a total area of 2929.28 hectares. Approved by the State Oceanic Administration at the end of 2007 10, it mainly protects a variety of coastal wetland ecosystems and marine life, mainly Tamarix chinensis. There are many kinds of creatures in the nature reserve. There is a natural Tamarix forest with an area of 2,070 hectares and lush vegetation. Its scale and density are rare in coastal saline-alkali areas of China, and it has high scientific investigation and tourism development value.

Tamarix chinensis is a tenacious plant, which can grow in harsh environments such as desert, river beach or saline-alkali land. It is one of the excellent tree species that can best adapt to the survival of arid desert and coastal saline-alkali land, prevent wind and fix sand, transform saline-alkali land and green the environment. Every spring, Tamarix chinensis in the reserve is lush, with lush lawns and beautiful flowers. Every May, Tamarix begins to sprout new inflorescences. Until September, there was a sea of flowers in the local area. The old flowers had withered and the new flowers had bloomed again. Compared with other seaside scenery, it has its own unique style.

There are reeds, Suaeda salsa, thistles and other grasses in the reserve. There are rabbits, badgers, foxes, weasels, civets and other wild animals.

The reserve is located in Kenli County, with a planned area of 926 square kilometers. It is divided into four parts: ecological protection area, resource recovery area, environmental improvement area and reserved development area, focusing on monitoring the ecological environment of the Yellow River estuary and marine living resources in the estuary area.

The reserve will be built in three phases. The first phase of the project plans to invest 3 million yuan, which is mainly used for the infrastructure construction and supporting of the protected area, the renovation and restoration of the ecological environment in the sea area outside the negative 3-meter isobath of the Yellow River estuary, and the construction of a 926-square-kilometer Yellow River estuary ecological marine special protection area; The second phase of the project plans to spend five years (20 1 1~20 15) to further improve the management and protection conditions of the reserve, improve various management and development measures, and basically realize the benign operation of the reserve; The third phase of the project is a long-term plan after 20 15. By optimizing management and development measures, the utilization value of protected areas will be improved, and protected areas with excellent environment and rich resources will be built to serve the sustainable development of local marine economy.

Dongying Estuary Shallow Sea Shellfish National Eco-marine Special Reserve is located in the shallow sea area of Dongying City, Shandong Province, with a total area of 3,962 square kilometers. Meretrix meretrix, shallow sea shellfish and their species diversity in the Yellow River Estuary are the main protection objects.

Meretrix meretrix is an important economic shellfish in China, which has high economic and medicinal value. The finished products are mainly exported to Japan and South Korea. However, in recent years, with the acceleration of marine development and the increase of offshore fishing intensity, the resources of clam in the Yellow River estuary are decreasing day by day, and the fishing output is decreasing. Through a series of protection and management measures, the reserve protected Meretrix meretrix during the breeding season, strictly restricted fishing specifications, eliminated and reduced point source pollution and interference in this area, strengthened environmental quality monitoring, and strictly investigated and dealt with illegal sewage discharge and waste dumping, so that the shellfish habitat was restored and improved, the yield was increased, and the water quality and sediment quality reached the national first-class standards.

The special reserve is located in the sea area north of Guangli River and south of Qingtuogou on the west bank of Laizhou Bay in Dongying District. It is the habitat and breeding ground of many kinds of shellfish, among which octopus resources are particularly rich. With the increase of fishery coastal engineering, oil field development, marine engineering construction and offshore fishing intensity, the ecological environment on which resources such as SINONOVACULA constricta depend has been seriously damaged, and the ecological imbalance has led to the decline of biomass of traditional SINONOVACULA constricta, SINONOVACULA constricta and SINONOVACULA constricta, and the miniaturization of individuals. After the construction of the special reserve, the biological resources and ecological environment such as octopus in the area have been effectively protected, reducing the interference of human activities. The total area of the special protection area is 2 1.024 hectares, including ecological protection area, resource recovery area and moderate development and utilization area. The main protection objects are the ecological environment of octopus and its habitat.

Liu Gongdao and its surrounding waters belong to a typical island ecosystem. The island is rich in tourism resources and beautiful in natural scenery, and has the reputation of "fairy mountain on the sea" and "Xanadu". It is also a memorial site of the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 and a famous patriotic education base, which integrates patriotic education bases and historical and cultural relics of island scenery. Liu Gongdao has a forest coverage rate of 87% and was declared as a "National Forest Park" by the State Forestry Administration on 1992. Looking at pine and cypress from a distance and deer from a close distance is an ideal place for summer recuperation. The sea area around Liu Gongdao is rich in sea cucumber, Portunus trituberculatus, pomfret, flounder and kelp, which is a rare "fertile soil" for the ocean. According to the relevant provisions of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Marine Environment and the Interim Measures for the Administration of Special Marine Protected Areas, the State Oceanic Administration has agreed to establish the Weihai Liu Gongdao Marine Ecological National Special Marine Protected Area. The establishment of this marine reserve has a positive effect on strengthening the protection of marine ecological environment and actively exploring the sustainable development and utilization of marine resources.