Model of knowledge city

At present, such knowledge cities with global fame are recognized as London, Manchester, Barcelona, Stockholm, new york, Boston, Delft, Munich, Lisbon, Pittsburgh, Montreal, Dublin, Tokyo and Singapore. Since the implementation of the "knowledge city" strategy, many countries have invested a lot of manpower, material resources and financial resources, and combined with their own urban development and urban transformation, they have always focused on the future sustainable development, such as London, Manchester and Barcelona, Spain. And pay more attention to the formulation and implementation of the strategic plan of "knowledge city" in 2 1 century, like Monterrey, Mexico. Melbourne, Australia has made a grand blueprint to build the city into a "knowledge city" 20 10 years ago. Delft, the Netherlands, proposed to build the city into a "knowledge city" from five aspects: land, water resources, information technology, creating new transport system and environmental technology. New york aims to activate the central city in the old city reconstruction, strengthen the cultivation of real estate economy and creative industries, transform the city into the birthplace of a vibrant symbolic economy, and have an important impact on the transformation of other cities in the United States. In addition, Hyderabad in India, Cairo in Egypt, Frankfurt in Germany, Amsterdam in the Netherlands, Malmo in Sweden, é lsson in Denmark and cities in 12 countries along the Baltic Sea have all formulated the development strategy of "knowledge city".

London

Promoting urban knowledge taste with cultural and artistic activities as the guide.

London is not only a world famous city with profound historical and cultural heritage, but also a "city of knowledge" recognized by the international community and one of the five major central cities in the world. In recent years, London has turned its attention to the construction of a "knowledge city", whose typical symbol is the outstanding engine of urban innovation. (1) Highly developed capital market. London is the world's financial, insurance and stock trading center. At present, there are more than 500 banks in * * *, ranking first among major cities in the world. There are 470 foreign banks alone, with an annual foreign exchange transaction volume of about 3 trillion pounds, making it the largest international foreign exchange market in the world. At the same time, London is the largest eurodollar market in the world, and the oil revenue turnover of oil exporting countries can reach more than 50 billion US dollars every day, accounting for more than 1/3 of the global European dollar turnover. There are more than 800 insurance companies in London, of which 170 are branches of foreign insurance companies. London Stock Exchange is one of the four largest stock exchanges in the world. (2) Perfect cultural and artistic infrastructure. London is rich in historical and cultural resources and has a developed information exchange and communication industry. Hundreds of museums, libraries, art galleries, exhibition halls and civic centers all over the city. The British Museum, built in the18th century, is the largest museum in the world, with many ancient cultural relics from Britain and other countries in the world. The University of London, the Royal Dance Academy, the Royal Conservatory of Music, the Royal Academy of Art and the Imperial College London in London are world-famous. Among them, the University of London was founded in 1836 and has more than 60 colleges. The cultural diversity of students from all over the world has been vividly displayed here. London's famous newspapers such as The Times, Financial Times, Daily Telegraph, Guardian, Observer and Weekly, the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and Reuters are the focus of the world's attention every day. (3) The portal extends in all directions. London has two international airports, Heathrow Airport and Gatwick Airport. Heathrow Airport is the airport with the largest passenger flow in Europe, with an average plane taking off and landing every minute. There are 9 subway trunk lines in the city, with a total length of 4 14 km, extending to every corner of the city, which is very convenient. In addition, communication services, bus services, taxi services and port services are all world-class. It is these rich history and culture, perfect infrastructure, developed education and financial services and convenient gateway transportation that make London the center of information flow, capital flow and talent flow in the world, with more than 8 million people coming here for business and tourism every year. (4) Take cultural and artistic activities as the guide. Even such a dynamic "knowledge city", since Europe advocated the implementation of the "knowledge city" strategy in 2004, the London municipal authorities have taken this opportunity to aim at higher goals, continue to tap and utilize the new connotation of "the engine of urban innovation", and hold various cultural, artistic, scientific and technological exhibitions and educational exchange activities in this city or go abroad directly to enhance London's exemplary position. According to statistics, in 2006 alone, various major cultural and artistic activities in London were overwhelmed, including 1 1 comedy, 23 family activities,1movie, 9 opera festivals, 24 sports events, 8 large-scale activities, 4 dances, 24 festivals and various festivals.

Manchester

Creative industry has become the core position of "knowledge city"

Manchester, an old British industrialized city, is also an internationally recognized model of "knowledge city". Since 2004, the city authorities have been innovating constantly, and have continued to draw up a blueprint for winning the right to speak and core competitiveness in the future, aiming at making Manchester a "capital of creative industries". To this end, two major goals have been set: to ensure that the city's revitalization plan is recognized and supported, making it a shocking capital of culture and knowledge; Encourage local citizens to actively participate in cultural activities around five major themes. (1) Cultural capital, that is, building and continuously developing cultural infrastructure and protecting cultural investment interests; (2) Culture and learning, that is, to establish the role of culture in learning and improving education level; (3) Cultural harmony means encouraging citizens to participate in cultural activities; (4) Cultural economy, that is, promoting sustainable development; (5) Cultural marketing means coordinating various marketing activities to enhance the cultural image of the city. More importantly, Manchester is deeply aware that "the successful city in 2 1 century will be a cultural city"; "Culture is a vital creativity in the knowledge economy". Therefore, urban authorities and stakeholders consciously put the development of cultural industry and the strategy of "knowledge city" at the core of urban development. In the past few years, remarkable achievements have been made.

Barcelona, Spain

Culture has become the innovation engine leading the "knowledge city"

Barcelona, Spain is the birthplace of the strategy of "knowledge city". At the turn of the century, the development strategy of the first 10 year in the new century was formulated, and the strategic concept of "city is culture and culture is city" was put forward. After further reflection on the development of the city since 1980s, it is clearly pointed out that Barcelona will begin its third "transformation" development in the 2 1 century, with the emphasis on content industry, knowledge industry and sustainable development. It can be seen that the cultural industry will be in transition in the new century.

In order to realize the above development strategy, Barcelona municipal authorities mainly focus on six tasks in the knowledge level: (1) strengthening Barcelona's ability as a "factory" for cultural content production; (2) Making culture a key factor to form social cohesion; (3) Integrating Barcelona into the trend of digital culture; (4) Dynamic protection of cultural heritage; (5) Enriching the cultural space of megacities; (6) Give full play to Barcelona's role as a platform for international cultural exchange and promotion. In addition, the Barcelona municipal authorities also proposed to implement a brand-new cultural management model, namely, contract, autonomy and evaluation; Fully realize the trend of legalization, socialization and scientific management of modern social culture.

Dublin

Take high technology as the guide to enhance the competitiveness of the city in the global market.

Dublin is located near Dublin Bay on the east coast of Ireland Island. In the past 65,438+00 years, with the rapid development of the national economy, it has overcome many obstacles and played a leading role in building a knowledge-based city. It is mainly manifested in the combination of traditional investment and new capitalization methods, which strengthens the role of knowledge in cities and accelerates the transformation and upgrading of cities and industries, especially in the transformation of their industrial structure into high-tech fields.

In 1980s, Dublin was still a declining industrial city, and its economic situation was extremely grim, with most industries concentrated in labor-intensive manufacturing. Per capita GNP is only 60%, far below the European average; The unemployment rate remains high and the education level is low. It is conceivable how difficult it is for such a city to turn into a knowledge city. However, with the support of the Irish central government, the municipal authorities have successfully transformed the city into a typical knowledge city in less than ten years, relying on local development institutions and pooling all forces. Their main approach is to attract high-tech multinational companies to invest in our city through structural and systematic efforts, so that the total number of foreign-funded companies exceeds 1000; Provide cheap and well-trained labor; Tax relief (corporate tax is only 12.5%, far lower than the UK's 31%); Strengthen investment in education. Since 1985, the government's public expenditure on education has increased by 150%, which has always been the primary expenditure of the government when formulating the national development strategic plan. Today, Ireland has also achieved free university education, becoming one of the countries with the highest enrollment rate and the highest per capita education level in the world at the age of 15-29.