Need to know the date, content, result and time of several explorers' exploration.

/kloc-in 0/900, the Swedish explorer Svenheim decided to visit Lop Nur and enter the area from the south of the desert. On the way, three assistants died. He narrowly escaped and was saved by local farmers.

With the support of the king of Spain, Columbus went to sea four times (1492 ~ 1493 ~1496, 1498 ~ 1500,/kloc-0. Opened a route across the Atlantic to the United States. Arrived in Bahamas, Cuba, Haiti, Dominica, Trinidad and other islands. First landed on the American continent on the south bank of Parria Bay. The coastline of Honduras in Central America, which reached more than 2,000 kilometers in Lianwan, was investigated. Know the isthmus of Panama; The wind direction changes of the Atlantic Ocean blowing east wind at low latitudes and west wind at high latitudes were discovered and utilized. The correctness of the theory of earth sphere is proved. Promoted the connection between the old continent and the new world. He mistakenly thought that the new world he arrived in was India and called the locals Indians.

15 19, under the command of the Spanish king, Magellan led an expedition to find the westbound route from Spice Islands to east indies, and the journey westward across the Atlantic to Brazil was smooth, but then the situation began to deteriorate. A ship in the fleet was wrecked in the storm. Then several captains plotted against him. A ship turned around and came back Magellan executed one of the conspirators, leaving them on the desolate beach and setting sail again. When the fleet arrived in the Mariana Islands, local residents attacked them. Magellan was killed in a battle with a tribe on the Philippine island of Makatan. Finally, his first mate led the other Xing Xing sailors back to Europe.

1888, in order to explore the unknown interior of Greenland, Nansen suggested skiing across Greenland. However, his proposal is not understood by the world, and many people think it is a reckless pursuit of fame and reputation. A humorous newspaper in Bergen is also extremely ironic: "What a wonderful performance! Nansen, curator of the Natural History Museum, is going to Greenland to do a skiing performance. There are plenty of good seats in the cracks, so you don't have to buy a round-trip ticket. " The contempt of the world strengthened his confidence. When the Norwegian government refused to fund him, he went to Denmark to raise money. In May this year, he and five assistants boarded the desolate east coast of Greenland and took a seal hunting boat. In July this year, they arrived at Goldhope Port on the west coast of Greenland. On the way, they overcame all kinds of unexpected difficulties, climbed one bare ice cap after another covering most of the interior of Greenland, and searched for every novel and mysterious place in this "green land" ("Greenland" means "green land"). After a long journey of more than 400 miles, they finally reached their destination exhausted. The following spring, when he returned to Norway, the attitude of China people suddenly changed, because he did something that no one had ever done before. He is a hero.

1in June, 903, Amundsen's expedition began to sail to the northwest channel. The whole team camped on King William Island, which goes deep into the Arctic Circle, and spent two winters and another winter on Mackenzie Island. They completed their voyage to the Pacific Ocean in September 1906.

10, Amundsen and another explorer, Fridtjof Nansen Fromm, left Norway for the South Pole. 1October 20th,19110, he got ahead of his British rival, Captain Scott, and set out from the base at the eastern end of Ross Ice Shelf to launch the final attack on the South Pole. With four companions, he took a sled pulled by a dog and arrived at the South Pole by191112+014.

Roald Amundsen was one of the first two explorers to fly over the North Pole. 1926, he and Italian explorer umberto Nobil circled the North Pole twice by airship. Two years later, on another flight over the North Pole, Noble's airship collided with another UFO, and Amundsen disappeared while searching for Noble.

In June, Scott set out on the New Era. On the way, he heard that Amundsen was going to the South Pole, too.

19 1 1 year 1 1 month 1, Scott's team left their camping base and went to the South Pole. The snowstorm made travel very difficult. Therefore,1912,6543810.3, Scott decided to bring only four companions, namely Edward Wilson, lawrence oates, herry bowers and edgar evans.

At 65438+1October 17, Scott and his party arrived at the South Pole. But Amundsen's Norwegian flag is already flying there. Deeply disappointed, they embarked on their way home. Evans died of a fall; Oates suffered from severe frostbite and didn't want anyone else involved. He disappeared in a snowstorm. The remaining three people had to camp out from the bad weather. But on March 29th, Scott and others all died thousands of meters away from their camping base.

People know the details of Scott's last trip because his diary lasted until the last day. 1912165438+10, a search team found this diary and the bodies of three people, including Scott. The bodies of three people were buried in situ and are now deep in the Antarctic ice. Oates' body was never found.

From the early years of Yongle, Zheng He turned to sailing under the arrangement of Ming Taizu Judy. In Zheng He's early sailing activities, he was already studying and analyzing nautical charts, familiar with the navigation skills of leading stars across the ocean, familiar with all kinds of compass books in the East and West, astronomical geography, marine science, ship driving and repair. From the third year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1405) to the eighth year of Xuande (A.D. 1433), Zheng He led a huge fleet to seven voyages to the Western Ocean, sailed to Asia and Africa through Southeast Asia and the Indian Ocean, and reached the Red Sea and the east coast of Africa as far as possible, covering more than 30 countries and regions in Asia and Africa. The scale, number of people, strict organization, advanced navigation technology and long voyage of these seven voyages not only showed the strength of the Ming Dynasty, but also fully proved Zheng He's ability to command thousands of troops.

Xu Xiake (1586— 164 1), whose real name is Hongzu and Zhenzhi, is a Xiake from Jiangyin, Jiangsu. Geographer, traveler and writer in Ming Dynasty. His 600,000-word Travels of Xu Xiake, written after 30 years' investigation, opened up a new direction for geography to systematically observe and describe nature. It is not only a geographical masterpiece that systematically inspects the landform and geology of the motherland, but also a tourism masterpiece that describes the scenic resources of China, and it is also a literary masterpiece with beautiful words, which has far-reaching influence at home and abroad. In recent years, regarding Xu Xiake as a saint, following in Xu Xiake's footsteps and visiting the great rivers and mountains of the motherland has become a brand-new fashion in China's tourism industry.

Influenced by the culture of an educated family, Xu Xiake was eager to learn and read widely when he was young, especially fond of local classics and local chronicles. The teenager has made a travel ambition that "a gentleman faces the blue sea and the sky is dark". Xu Xiake's travel career can be roughly divided into three stages:

The first stage is the preparation stage for traveling before the age of 28. Focus on learning the geographical and cultural heritage of the motherland, and visit Taihu Lake, Mount Tai and other places with great interest, without leaving any travel notes.

The second stage is the first stage from the age of 28 (16 13) to the age of 48 (1633), which lasted for 20 years and traveled to Zhejiang, Fujian, Huangshan and other famous mountains in the north, such as Songshan, Wutai, Huashan and Hengshan. But I only wrote one volume of travel notes, accounting for about one-tenth of the book.

The third stage is the last stage of tourism, from 5 1 year (1636) to 54 (1639). After four years, he traveled to the mountains and rivers in the south of the Yangtze River, such as Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Huguang and Yunnan-Guizhou, and wrote nine volumes of travel notes.

Xu Xiake's footprint covers 19 provinces, cities and autonomous regions. He was robbed three times and deprived of food several times, regardless of difficulties and obstacles. He still stepped forward and carefully recorded his observations. Until I entered Lijiang, Yunnan, when I couldn't walk because of foot disease, I still insisted on writing travel notes and mountain records, and basically completed Xu Xiake's travel notes of 600,000 words. 55-year-old (1640) local officials in Yunnan sent Xu Xiake back to Jiangyin by boat. 56 years old (164 1) 1 month died at home. The posthumous work was compiled into a book by Ji Huiming and widely circulated.

1July 24, 985

Yao Maoshu, the first man drifting on the Yangtze River, hit the rocks and died.

The first Yangtze River rafting team is on its way.

1On July 24th, 985, Yao Maoshu, the first man drifting on the Yangtze River, died on a reef in Jinsha River after drifting for1270km.

1985, the news that the United States will send a "riptide expedition" downstream from the source of the Yangtze River in autumn prompted Yao Maoshu, who had the idea of drifting along the Yangtze River as early as 1979, to decide to board the Yangtze River first. At the end of March, he passed through Lanzhou and Xining at his own expense, crossed Qinghai Lake, crossed Qaidam Basin, crossed Tibet and crossed Tanggula Mountain, and reached the source of the Yangtze River in early June.

Yao Maoshu, 30 years old, had visited the dangerous Tiger Leaping Gorge at the source of the Yangtze River many times before, collected information, consulted Yang who walked the Yellow River at 198 1, and tried drifting in the middle reaches of Jinsha River for more than ten times. On July 24th, after drifting1.270km, he hit the rocks in Jinsha River and died.

Yao Maoshu's action opened the first page of the Yangtze River rafting and set off a wave of the Yangtze River rafting. 1986 On April 2 1 day, the Yangtze River scientific research drifting expedition was established in Chengdu, and began drifting all the way in mid-June. Three months later, they finally arrived at Wusongkou, but the team members Kong Min, Wang Jianjun, Yang and the reporter gave their lives for it.

Traveler and explorer Yu Chunshun.

Yu Chunshun (1952- 1996), a native of Ezhou, is a professional explorer. His ideal is to visit 9.6 million square kilometers of land and the main settlements of 56 ethnic groups. 1June, 1996, Yu Chunshun was killed while hiking through the Lop Nur desert, and finally failed to escape the fate of China explorers.

Yu Chunshun, known as "Thomas of China" and "Contemporary Xu Xiake", is a rare legend. From 1 July 19881day, he began to "visit all China on foot alone", and1June 1996, he died in Lop Nur like a fallen bronze statue. In the past eight years, he has overcome many difficulties and obstacles, traveled across mountains and rivers, visited 33 major ethnic minority settlements and completed 59 exploration projects, with a total journey of 8.4 Wan Li (close to the 9 Vandory World Record set by Argentine Thomas). In particular, he spent a year and a half before and after, braving mudslides, avalanches, altitude sickness and so on, constantly crossing the "forbidden zone" at an altitude of about 5000 meters, setting the first place in human history.

He wrote millions of words of diaries and travel notes along the way, recording the natural landscapes and folk customs of all parts of the motherland, which became precious materials reflecting the national conditions and people's feelings. He took more than 8,000 photos and gave 150 speeches entitled "A country dedicated to parents" to people along the way. He has published two volumes of A Brave Man's Journey to China, and books such as Documentary Photography of Yu Chunshun Walking in China, Yu Chunshun Walking Alone in Tibet and Out of Ali.

After his death in Lop Nur, Yu Chunshun and his old father Yu Jinshan became bald overnight, and decided to walk all the way through China alone at the age of 70 to challenge the Guinness Book of World Records. He wrote a poem on his business card: "Pure blood is spilled in China, and life ambition is not reported. The son's father continues a new chapter, and the ancient and rare Jinshan continues to walk. Challenge the opportunity, Guinness, and never stop until you get what you want. Both father and son are called Xu Xiake, which shows that our nation is more romantic! "

Yu Jinshan was born on1May 30, 929. He is a native of Sun Yicheng, Hubei Province, a retired worker of Shanghai Electric Appliance Factory, and the father of Yu Chunshun, a famous traveler and explorer. In order to inspire young people and future generations to make progress and strive to complete the feat of "traveling around China alone" at their own expense, we set out from Shanghai on May 8 1993, and planned to travel around China and return to the terminal-Shanghai.

Zhang Qian, an explorer in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, was invaded by Xiongnu tribes from the northern and western mountainous areas in the 2nd century. They attacked farmers in China, plundered their livestock and tried to incite people against China's rule.

In BC 139, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian to Dayue (now Amu Darya River Basin in Central Asia). His mission is to help the people in this area resist the invaders. Zhang Qian was captured and imprisoned by Huns 1 1 years later, and after his release, he went to explore western China again.

His travel route passed through Afghanistan, and went straight to present-day Uzbekistan and Samarkand, China. No one had been so far west of China at that time. So, Zhang Qian brought back to the emperor the news that China first heard about Indian, Middle East and European countries.

Later, businessmen from China took silk and jade articles, climbed mountains and mountains along the route that Zhang Qian passed, and came to the northwest of China and crossed the Gobi Desert. This route was later called "Silk Road".

(Not Xu Chunshun, but Yu Chunshun, right? )