The main scenic spots of Anyue stone carvings

The content of Anyue stone carvings is mainly Buddhist statues, with a small number of Taoist statues and descriptions of social real life.

Cliff statues in the Northern Song Dynasty are another heyday of Anyue stone carvings, represented by Pilu Cave, Jue Yuan Cave, Huayan Cave and Mingshan Temple.

Liu Benzun's ten fine pictures in Pilu Cave are illustrated and well preserved. Kannonji's statue of Purple Bamboo Guanyin is famous at home and abroad, and is called Venus of the East by the famous British writer Han. The statue of Three Saints on the west side of the North Cliff of Jue Yuan Cave is tall and beautiful. The statues of the three sages and twelve disciples in Huayan Cave are well preserved and beautifully carved. In the cliff stone carvings of Mingshan Temple, Manjusri uses a lot of mechanical principles, which is amazing. In the Five Dynasties, the cliff statue was represented by a pharmacist disguised as a Buddhist scripture carved in Cave 96, North Cliff of Qianfozhai. In addition, there are nearly 40 statues of Huayan Sansheng in Huayan Cave, Mingshan Temple with a height of 4 ~ 7 meters, and mysterious Taoist statues in the Tang Dynasty, which are also important works of Anyue stone carving. The reclining Buddha has a unique shape, which is contrary to the scene described in the Great Nirvana Sutra. The reclining Buddha's head is beautifully carved, with a small round bun, a carved square stone pillow on the headrest, his eyes slightly closed, and a kind and dignified handsome face, which accurately and naturally shows the calm expression of Buddhist Muny before his death. His disciple Ananda sat in meditation in front of his waist, facing the head of the reclining Buddha, slightly hunched his back and made a pulse-feeling gesture to express his grief at the bad news.

The tall and wild Lux standing at his feet glared at him and clenched his fist, as if torn by grief. Above the reclining Buddha is the scene where Sakyamuni teaches his will with his disciples and Tianlong Babu. Below the left arm are 33 incarnations and 32 statues of Guanyin Bodhisattva. There are Vimalakīrti, the pharmacist Buddha and other 30-centimeter statues. The joy, anger, sadness and joy expressed by the whole statue are distinct and perfectly symmetrical, which embodies the highly developed sculpture culture in the Tang Dynasty and is amazing. This Jue Yuan Cave, far away from Qianfo Village, is located on Yunju Mountain 1 km east of the county seat. There are 65,438+003 niches (caves) and 65,438+0933 Tang and Song statues. The sculpture of the Three Saints in the West is the most wonderful in the Song Dynasty, from Fuyuan to Daguan. Mainly in the late Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties and the Northern Song Dynasty, there are *** 1993 statues.

Jue Yuan Cave is named after its twelve senses. The so-called round sense in Buddhism refers to feeling you, me, his people and the perfection of their behavior. It means that no matter you or me, everyone can wake up to become a Buddha. There are three 7-meter-high "Three Sages of the West" stone statues, which are the combination of the three highest-level gods in the western paradise, namely, Buddha, Bodhisattva and Guanyin. In other places, the three saints in the west are combined into one, but here they are carved in niches, which is the uniqueness of Anyue stone carving.

Here, the first thing that catches people's eyes is leaning on the colorful Buddha's light, stepping on the lotus flower and holding a clean bottle, as if the nectar in the bottle is being sprinkled all over the world.

In the middle is Amitabha, the founder of the western paradise. He is radiant, his eyes are affectionate but solemn, his mouth is smiling and he doesn't show his teeth. He stands tall and looks down on you kindly. The general trend of the right niche is to wear a dense gold-plated crown on the bodhisattva's head. The crown is inlaid with a small Buddha statue, which is very unique. There is a wreath on the chest, elbows hanging over the waist, and a beautiful and solemn smile. She crossed her hands and held the lotus bud in her right hand, which greatly turned all beings over the sea of suffering. Buds weigh a hundred pounds, but they will not fall for a thousand years. Because the sculptor skillfully transferred gravity to the cassock. Piludong Stone Statue is a provincial-level cultural relic protection unit announced by Sichuan Provincial People's Government 1956.

Pilu Cave is located in Tazi Mountain, Youping Village, Yun Chi District, Shiyang Town, southeast of Anyue County, 45 kilometers away from the county seat. The road from Anyue to Dazu passes through the foot of Tazi Mountain. Here the mountains and rivers are beautiful and the rocks are steep, and Pilu Cave is carved in these beautiful rocks. Pilu Cave is actually the collective name of Pilu Cave, Youju Cave, Thousand Buddha Cave and Kannonji. There are 465 cliff stone statues and 32 inscriptions.

According to the inscription in the Wanli period of Ming Dynasty, the stone carvings of Pilu Cave were discovered in Shu after the Five Dynasties, and were cultivated and carved in all previous dynasties. It was once one of the main Dojo of Sichuan Buddhism Tantric Sect from the Five Dynasties to the Northern Song Dynasty. In particular, the Shuiyue Guanyin carved by Kannonji was called "Purple Bamboo Guanyin" by the masses, and Han Suying, a British Chinese writer, praised her as "Venus of the East", which is a rare artistic treasure in the stone carving art of the Northern Song Dynasty in China. This purple bamboo Guanyin is 3 meters high and hangs in the exposed cliff grottoes. She leans on the embossed purple bamboo willow net bottle and wears a rich and luxurious gold-plated corolla; Moths have vertical eyebrows, drooping phoenix eyes, slightly long straight nose and slightly closed lips; Wearing short sleeves and thin sleeves, bare chest and elbows, and wearing armbands looks like a golden waterfall falling with you, and the net falls on the chest and abdomen; The long skirt in the lower half is as thin as a cicada's wing, close to the waist and legs, and the dress is elegant and dynamic. She sat on a 3-meter-long curved lotus leaf with her upper body slightly to the left; The left hand caresses the leaf surface, the right hand is placed on the knee, and the five fingers naturally droop; A pair of beautiful barefoot, left foot hanging on the lotus platform, gently stepping on the stamen, right leg bending upward, pedaling on the lotus leaf, so people also commonly call her "Guanyin". Purple bamboo Guanyin seems to be a graceful, gentle and chic girl. She has both the charm of a girl and the appearance of a goddess, and has a strong secular atmosphere. People love to call her "romantic Guanyin". Seeing the Purple Bamboo Guanyin, people have to be impressed by the superb and ingenious skills of the carving masters in the Song Dynasty.

In addition, the statues of Liu Benzun, the fifth ancestor of Tantric Sect, carved in Pilu Cave and Youju Cave are also unique. Especially in the Pilu Cave with a height of 6.6m, a width of14m and a depth of 4.5m, Liu Benzun's "Ten Practice Pictures" carved by him is rigorous in composition, vivid and easy to understand, and can be called a masterpiece. It mainly preaches tantric teachings through ten harsh practices: finger training, snow training, ankle training, gouging out eyes, cutting ears, top training, arm lying, yin training and knee training. Both sides are also carved with king kong, the patron saint of axe and sword. When you come to the cave, there is a great sense of chill, which makes you awe or fear the sacredness of Buddhism. Piludong's "Ten Liantu" is like a comic book of lectures, which is a valuable material for studying Sichuan tantric school and textual research on Liu Benzun's life.

Piludong stone carving is the crystallization of Buddhist art in Song Dynasty, which has high historical research value and sightseeing value. In July, 20001year, the State Council was announced as the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units. Qianfo Village is located on Dayun Mountain, 2.5 kilometers west of Anyue County. It is named after more than 3,000 statues of Buddha, large and small, carved on the cliff of the rock village formed by the four Zhou Tianran on the top of the mountain. The People's Government of Sichuan Province announced that Qianfozhai was a provincial cultural relic protection unit 1956.

Qianfo Village, named "Qiyan Temple" in the Tang Dynasty, was renamed "Qianfo Temple" during the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty. The original hall of the Thousand-Buddha Temple is five times as heavy and has gone through thousands of years of vicissitudes. After several times of waste, to 1974, a psychopath burned down the only remaining hall of the great hero. There are no temples here, only thousands of statues on the cliff, so the masses also call it the Thousand Buddhas Village.

The stone carvings in Qianfo Village are large in scale. Buddha's niche 105, large and small Buddha statues 306 1, distributed in Nanbei Rock. The whole sculpture is 705 meters long. According to the Records of Anyue County, the Cliff Statue of Thousand Fozhai began in the 13th year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (AD 593). Judging from the inscriptions on stone carvings, there are "Kaiyuan" and "Tianbao". The latest inscription is the first year of Qingyuan in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 195), which lasted more than 600 years. Most of the main statues are works in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and there are still a few works in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In addition to the Buddha statues, there are 7 cliff statues, 3 Tang steles and 26 inscriptions. The floating figure is 4.6 meters at the highest and 0.8 meters at the minimum; The largest grottoes are 6.4m wide, 6m high and 3.3m deep.

There are 3-6 meters high cliff statues 14, and 250 statues 1-2 meters high, of which the largest Buddha statue is 6.2 meters high. Southern Yan is mostly a statue of the Tang Dynasty, with a plump face, a high nose and drooping ears, bare muscles on his chest, slender lines, smooth lines, simplicity and elegance. In particular, the Jingping Guanyin in Cave 56 is a typical charm of stone carvings in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. In addition, the Buddha statue of Liuli, a tantric pharmacist in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, is also a rare stone carving art treasure. Beiyan has a well-preserved Classic Disguises of Pharmacists. The pharmacist Buddha is the subject of Tantric statues in the Tang Dynasty. The pharmacist Buddha sits on the throne of a round lotus, with a canopy carved on his head and a bodhi tree beside him. There are eight Bodhisattvas, nine horizontal deaths and twelve vows carved on the left and right, as well as scenes of illness, the death of a king and the death of a tiger, leopard and snake. It is a rare treasure in other stone carvings. There are also many statues of Bodhisattva, Lohan, King Kong, Lux, the founder, Feitian, the provider and other stories of "change" in the Thousand Buddha Village, which fully shows the joys and sorrows of heaven, earth and hell, with rich content and exquisite carving skills.

The cliff of Qianfozhai is steep, the trees are lush, the vines are coiled, and the road turns with the mountain. In the newly built temple between the two peaks, long bells ripple on Dayun Mountain. Past songs linger in the ears of tourists. Around the temple, there are strange flowers and grasses, and the buds are full of branches, competing for each other and being intoxicating. The beautiful natural scenery and the ancient stone carving art set each other off, making tourists interested and lingering. It is only about 2 kilometers away from Pilu Cave. The cave is 7 meters high, 65,438+065 wide and 438+0 meters deep. It is spacious and bright, containing 65,438+059 stone carvings, mainly from the Five Dynasties and the Song Dynasty more than 1000 years ago. The main wall of Huayan Cave is carved with three statues of Huayan. Sakyamuni sits in the middle, Manjusri rides a green lion on the left, and Pu Xian rides a white elephant on the right. The three statues of Huayan are about 5.2 meters high, with their backs leaning against the spoke-colored Buddha's light, wearing a crown of flowers, and a small Buddha sitting in the crown with a delicate face and slightly exposed teeth.

There are ten disciples chiseled on both sides of the cave. They sit in a unique way, either with their feet apart or with their legs bent to one side to cover the stage. The top of the disciple statue is engraved with the Buddhist pattern of "Elysium", which is 20 meters long. It is composed of 10 group of reliefs such as "Wonderful Fragrant Country" and "Cutting Clouds and Mending Clothes", and then it is composed of Qionglou Yuting, exotic flowers and exotic grasses, Ganlu Pearl River and misty clouds. , foil a "paradise without day and night, bloom flowers fall with fainting". State-level cultural relics protection units. Located at the top of Hutou Mountain, Minle Village, Dingxiang Township, Anyue County, Ziyang, Sichuan. It is 63 kilometers away from Anyue County. The temple was named after "Buddhist bone Zen spread in the famous mountains in the Tang Dynasty", which was founded in the Tang and Yuan Dynasties and flourished in the Northern Song Dynasty. It is a mountain-type scenic tourist area integrating stone carving culture, mountaineering and sightseeing, and seeking knowledge.

Hutou Mountain is in love with green, and the mountain is lined with arches. Hutou Mountain is alone in it, and looks like a tiger leaning on the peak. The ancient road on the mountain stands on the wall, and the Buddha statues stand in the forest around the mountain. There are 63 cliff statues in the Tang and Song Dynasties in the temple, including 34 single statues and more than 50 statues from/kloc-0 to 4 meters, all of which are carved on the cliff top, which are magnificent and exquisite in art and are extremely precious cliff stone carvings. Founded in the Tang Dynasty, it is a scenic tourist area integrating agricultural ecological landscape and cultural relics protection.

Xuanmiao Temple is a Taoist statue resort in China. Cliff statues are distributed around a mushroom-shaped flat-topped boulder, which is about 10 meter long from front to back, about 6 meters long from left to right, with a flat top and a height of about 5 meters. There are 79 carved niches, large and small niches and caves, and 1293 stone statues, all of which are exquisite sculptures in the Tang Dynasty. The main statues are the old gentleman sitting side by side with Sakyamuni, the real person, the Twelve-hour God, King Kong Lux, the Nine-headed Bird, Guanyin and Shi Zhi.

The cliff statue of Xuanmiao Temple, which is dominated by Taoist statues, is large in scale and rich in content. Not only is it unique in the province, but it is also rare in the country. Both Taoist statues and Buddhist statues are vividly and beautifully carved, with different expressions, patchwork and harmony. Among the 79 statues, there are two statues 12. Some are Taoist priests in the middle, with statues of Buddha and Bodhisattva standing on both sides; Some niches have statues of Sakyamuni and Taishang Laojun in the middle, Buddhist Bodhisattva on the left and Taoist Jin Xian on the right. This provides definite evidence for the mutual combination, mutual penetration and mutual reference between Buddhism and Taoism in history, and it is a representative object reflecting the mutual penetration, mutual reference and mutual combination between Taoism and Buddhism after the Jin Dynasty in China. The temples, pavilions, buildings, terraces, archways, instruments, musical instruments and costumes covered by various niche walls are rare historical materials for studying the development history of Taoism and ancient buildings. In particular, many Taoist statues of King Kong Lux are tall, close to real people, full of realism and extremely vivid and majestic. Fairy and geisha's music is beautiful and lifelike, which is valuable information for studying the ancient sculpture art in China.

There are four stone tablets in the mysterious temple, one of which is the Prajna Paramita Heart Sutra written by Li Xuan, a fellow villager in the 18th year of Tang Kaiyuan (730). Another Tang monument, 2.4 meters high and 1.27 meters wide, is titled "the sacred mountain temple monument". The first half of the inscription is engraved with the general situation of the establishment of Taoism and its teachings and legends. The second half describes the process from carving a statue in the sixth year of Tang Kaiyuan to the completion of Gengzi's work in the seventh year of Tang Tianbao (748). There are 4 inscriptions on the engraved age and 5 inscriptions by tourists in past dynasties.

The mysterious and wonderful scenery is unique in the layout of statues, breaking the shackles of religious statues and ceremonies. In view of the specific environment with only one independent boulder, make full use of certain spaces and gaps to carve different images of god beasts such as dragons, lions, green cows and birds according to local conditions. The carvings are patchy, harmonious and consistent, giving people beautiful enjoyment, showing the wisdom and superb skills of ancient craftsmen. Its large scale, rich content and long history are all rare in China, shining with the brilliance of ancient art treasures in China. Qingquan Mountain, Shigu Township, is 25 kilometers north of the county seat. It was built in the first year of Hongxi in Ming Dynasty (1425). Imitate wood to build a stone pavilion without beams. Buried in the famous monk Infinite Zen Master. Because the door is made of wood, its temple is named. The exhibition hall is 12m high, 7.8m long and 6.8m wide. Sitting north facing south, its columns, eaves, ridges, arches, hoes, tiles and ridges are all made of stone, with rigorous working procedures and tortuous appearance. There are five stone pagodas in the pavilion, in which the boundless Zen master is buried. There are 12 turret and 12 disciple statues in the pavilion, both facing the Zen master's tomb tower.

The top of the pavilion is shaped like a budding lotus, which is carved with patterns of flowers. There are two Ming monuments on the side of the pavilion, engraved with the construction of the wooden door temple and the story of the infinite Zen master. The whole pavilion is covered by a triple barrel arch hall, with towers in the pavilion and pavilions in the temple. It is unique in shape, magnificent and beautifully carved.