Plate making method for screen printing

Screen printing is a type of printing with a wide range of applications. According to different printing materials, it can be divided into: fabric printing, plastic printing, metal printing, ceramic printing, glass printing, electronic product printing, lottery screen printing , screen printing for electronic decorative advertising boards, screen printing for metal advertising boards, screen printing for stainless steel products, screen printing for light reflectors, screen transfer printing anodized aluminum, silk screen prints and lacquerware screen printing, etc. Fabric printing

Textile printing refers to the process of forming patterns on fabrics by printing. Printing methods include: pattern printing, screen printing, drum screen printing, transfer printing and multi-color shower printing. Screen printing is derived from pattern printing (including pattern paper and zinc plates). From manual operation, it gradually moved towards semi-automation, complete automation, and later developed from the flat mesh type to the rotary mesh type.

There are generally several printing methods for fabric printing:

1. Direct printing with paint Direct printing with paint is to print the prepared printing paste directly on the fabric. This is the simplest and most commonly used process in the printing process. The paint direct printing process generally refers to printing on white or light-colored fabrics. It is easy to match colors and has a simple process. It can be baked after printing and is suitable for textiles of various fibers. The paint direct printing process can be divided into Akramin F-type adhesives according to the adhesives commonly used at present. There are three direct printing processes: acrylic adhesive, styrene-butadiene emulsion and chitin adhesive.

2. Silk printing The main methods of silk printing include direct printing, discharge printing and resist printing. The direct printing method has been introduced before. The discharge printing method, transfer printing method, penetration printing method, etc. will be introduced separately in the relevant sections below. Here we mainly introduce the resist printing method.

3. Knitted underwear printing Knitted underwear printing mainly uses the direct printing process of paint. After printing, the fabric can be doubled or dried naturally, which avoids problems such as easy deformation of knitted fabrics during wet processing and difficulty in wet processing of agricultural films. The printing method is mainly flat screen screen printing, which is divided into two methods: manual scraping printing and machine operation. This printing method can adapt to various patterns and organizational structures, and is suitable for the production needs of small batches and multiple colors.

4． Discharge printing Discharge printing, also known as engraving, refers to a printing method that uses a discharge agent to print on colored fabrics to destroy the dyed pigments, thereby obtaining various patterns and patterns. Dye discharge agent is a chemical that can make dye base lose color. Such as: Diaobaijue, stannous chloride, etc. This method can be divided into two types: the pattern is white (discharge printing) and the pattern is colored (discharge printing). The latter dyeing method makes the fabric pattern fine, but the process is complicated and the cost is high.

5. Silk screen burnout system uses two types of fiber blended fabrics with different acid resistance. After acid burnout printing and chemical processing, the natural fiber part that is not acid-resistant is rotted away, exposing the acid-resistant chemical fiber part, forming a crystal-clear The transparent flower shape and its special style give the burnt-out products a high-end and gorgeous feel. Burnt-out products not only have a gorgeous appearance, but also have excellent internal quality. They are wear-resistant, high-strength, easy to wash, quick-drying, and non-ironing, and are welcomed by domestic and foreign markets. The research and application of burnout technology has become popular in the textile printing and dyeing industry in recent years.

6． Wool fabric printing At present, printed wool fabrics are mainly thin plain weave fabrics or gauze fabrics, which are mostly used to make women's shirts, dresses, quilts and skirts. In addition to direct printing, wool fabric printing also includes discharge printing, anti-printing and transfer printing. Wool blended fabric printing also occupies a certain proportion. At present, relief finishing of wool fabrics is also quite popular, mainly used for woolen sweaters.

7. Velveteen printing. Diamond printing takes advantage of the characteristics of silk screen printing to print on velvet, which can obtain a special flash effect that emits the light of natural diamonds under sunlight.

8. Foam printing There are many kinds of special printing on fabrics, and foam printing is one of them. The characteristics of foam printing are: strong three-dimensional effect, similar to artificial embroidery, soft hand feel, wear-resistant, washable, good fastness, elastic, and can be widely used in tablecloths, curtains, tea towels, handkerchiefs, pillow covers, clothing, and travel Souvenirs, etc. It can be used not only on natural fiber fabrics such as cotton, linen, and silk, but also on man-made fiber fabrics.

9． Flocking printing Electrostatic flocking is a new technology that is currently emerging in the textile industry. It is a product that uses high-voltage electrostatic fields to plant short fibers on gray fabrics. Flocking products have simple technology, strong three-dimensional effect and low cost, so they are widely used in rubber, plastics, artificial leather, and decorative products. Especially for small batches of tourism products, it shows its incomparable superiority. Using flocking patterns to decorate shoes, hats, children's clothing, trademarks, and clothing will make them unique.

10. Transfer printing Transfer printing is a printing process that relies on the sublimation of dyes and the diffusion and affinity of dye vapor to fibers to complete the coloring effect. Transfer printing is a printing and dyeing production method with practical significance in waterless processing. In addition to not using water, another major feature is that the paper has little deformation, so it can print fine multi-layered patterns and photographic images. Really transfer the pattern image to the cloth. The effect is sometimes better than ordinary anti-dye and discharge printing.

In addition to the above ten common printing methods, there are also some special printing methods, such as: electrochemical aluminum transfer printing, photoluminescence printing, fluorescent printing, gold and silver powder printing, paint foam printing, color changing printing , Fragrance printing, diamond printing and pearlescent printing, etc., printing methods.

Plastic screen printing

Screen printing of plastic parts is one of the secondary machining (or reprocessing) of plastic products. The so-called secondary processing is to perform surface decoration treatment after injection molding of plastic products, such as: plastic electroplating, plastic spraying, plastic hot stamping, plastic silk screen, etc. The reason why plastic products require secondary processing is mainly determined by the properties of the plastic itself. For example, its dyeability is relatively simple, and its color has poor light fastness. In order to make up for these shortcomings and improve the appearance decoration of plastic products, secondary processing is required.

There are many types of plastic products, but in terms of screen printing methods, flat screen printing is used for sheets and planar bodies; curved screen printing is used for cambered bodies that can be expanded into a plane; and indirect screen printing is used for special-shaped products. Plastic products have different solid resins, additives and molding methods, and their surface properties vary greatly, especially the smoothness, polarity and static electricity of the surface, which have become the root cause of plastic screen printing failures.

1. Screen printing of polyvinyl chloride plastic Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was put into industrial production in 1931. PVC plastic has the advantages of bright color, not easy to break, acid and alkali resistance, and low price. However, because some auxiliary materials added when making PVC plastic are often toxic, PVC products are not suitable for holding food. PVC films come in a wide variety of designs and colors, and most of the colorful plastic sheets, artificial leather, etc. on the market are PVC products.

2. Screen printing of ABS plastic ABS resin plastic is an engineering plastic. In recent years, it has been widely used in televisions, calculators and other products as well as many fields of the national economy. ABS plastic is a terpolymer of acrylonitrile, butadiene, and styrene. Since ABS plastic is a terpolymer, it has the same characteristics of the three components. Acrylic acid can make the polymer resistant to chemical corrosion and have a certain surface hardness; butadiene can make the polymer The material has rubber-like toughness; styrene can make the polymer easy to process and form. ABS plastics come in various colors. The products have a glossy appearance, low water absorption, good impact strength and surface hardness within a certain temperature range, and good dimensional stability. Most ABS resins still have considerable impact strength and show toughness at a temperature of -40°C. The use temperature range of their products is -40~60°C. ABS plastics have high molecular weight, good physical properties, and are easy to process, shape, and print. Good adaptability.

3. Screen printing of polyethylene and polypropylene plastics Polyethylene (PE) plastic: Polyethylene plastic is widely used and can be made into various finished products through extrusion, injection and other molding processes. The molecule of polyethylene is a long chain composed of methylene groups, which contains a certain amount of side groups. The more and longer side groups in the polymer chain, the less crystalline the polymer will be. In other words, the higher the density of polyethylene, the less conducive it is to surface coating. Polyethylene is unclear in a variety of solvents, but when the temperature exceeds 70°C, polyethylene can be dissolved in a small amount in solvents such as toluene and amyl acetate. The properties of polyethylene provide conditions for surface coating. The plastic can be soaked in a heated solvent to swell the surface and destroy some of the crystals to improve the adhesion of the ink film to the plastic surface. The mixture of fuming sulfuric acid, concentrated nitric acid, chromic acid and sulfuric acid can slowly act on polyethylene at room temperature; sulfuric acid and nitric acid can quickly destroy polyethylene at 90~100℃; use potassium heavy leadate, sulfuric acid and distilled water The mixed liquid is soaked in polyethylene plastic at 70~75℃, which is beneficial to enhance the adhesion of the ink film on the plastic surface.

Polypropylene (PP) plastic: Polypropylene has been one of the important varieties in the development of plastics for many years. Suitable for all molding methods. It can be made into various pipes, various boxes, films, fibers, etc. Industrial polypropylene has a high degree of spatial regularity and a high degree of crystallinity, with an isocurrent index in the range of 89 to 95%. It also contains a small amount of amorphous atactic and low crystalline macromolecular chains with a stereoblock structure. The melting point is in the range of 170~175℃, the glass transition temperature of isotactic polymer is -13~0℃, while that of syndiotactic polymer is O℃. Concentrated nitric acid and fuming sulfuric acid can etch polypropylene. At higher temperatures, they can be dissolved in aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons, and they can only expand at room temperature. Acids and esters also have some corrosive effects on it. As the isotactic polymer content increases, the solvent resistance also increases accordingly.

In general, polyethylene and polypropylene are polymer materials with non-polar molecular structure and high crystallinity and low surface tension. There are no polar groups such as carbon groups, carboxyl groups, and hydroxyl groups in their molecular structures. Compared with polyethylene, polypropylene surface coating is easier.

4. Screen printing of plastic components of electronic products Electronic products, especially radio products such as radios, tape recorders, televisions, etc., have very high requirements for appearance. Art designers attach great importance to the appearance decoration of products. However, there are currently few processes used for appearance decoration in our country, which limits the ideas of art designers, allowing them to only use the size of the product and the use of various lines. The plastic itself is limited. color to change the appearance of the product.

After the development of plastic screen printing, it has brought convenience to the decoration of electronic products. Therefore, in recent years, plastic screen printing of various domestic electronic products has been widely used.

5. Screen printing of plastic signs In recent years, plastic signs and decorative parts that are screen-printed with graphics and text after plastic molding have developed rapidly. For example, screen printing on plastic molded parts of polyvinyl chloride hard board (PVC board), polycarbonate, ABS, organic glass, and modified polystyrene has been widely used and achieved good decorative effects and economy. benefit.

6． Screen printing of soft and hard plastic parts ① Screen printing of plastic hoses. There are several methods for printing plastic hoses, the main method is thermal transfer printing. Thermal transfer printing method uses sublimation dye ink or other materials to first print graphics and text on transfer paper, then attach it to the substrate, and heat from the back of the transfer paper to sublimate the dye on the paper surface. The image and text are transferred to the substrate. After the plastic hose is surface-treated, the transfer paper passes between the hose and a heated iron plate. The heated iron plate pushes the transfer paper towards the hose, and the heating completes the transfer. After transfer, the hose enters the drying device, and the drying temperature is generally around 65°C. ②Silk screen printing of soft plastic. Soft plastics are mostly used to make toys, such as inflatable cartoon toys. During production, the pattern is usually screen-printed on soft sheet plastic, then cut and heat-synthesized. The thickness of the material used is generally 0.8~3.0mm. If more than two colors are screen printed, most plastics will expand and contract, resulting in registration errors between the second color and the first color. This color registration error causes the product to lose its original value and cannot be put on the shelves as a qualified product. For this reason, there is no other way to perform multi-color printing than using a long printing press that can fix soft plastics. When printing on a long stage, the substrate must be fixed with adhesive. It is worth noting that toy printing must use non-toxic and harmless inks stipulated in relevant standards. ③Silk screen printing of hard plastic products. There are two types of rigid plastic products: rigid boards and molded products. Tickets, signs, instrument dials, cosmetic containers, etc. are all made of hard plastic.

7. Silk screen printing of instrument panels. The surface material of the panel may be metal, various plastics, paints, etc. Select appropriate inks and silk screen some text and graphics on the panel to represent some functions of the instrument. , and also beautifies the panel. Screen-printed text and graphics must be clear, have good adhesion, and be wear-resistant. They must also have soft and elegant colors to give people a sense of beauty. Here we mainly discuss how to use the silk screen printing process to improve the quality of the panel.

8. Screen printing of colorful polyester signs Polyester signs are a new type of sign that has developed rapidly in China in recent years. Because of its bright colors, good decorative properties, easy pasting, simple manufacturing methods, and low cost, it is very popular among users and has quickly gained popularity in high, medium, and low-end electronic products, household appliances, and stationery. Popularize application. At present, there are many specialized factories in China producing such signs. However, since the production processes of these factories are designed according to the needs of large-volume sign processing, for those polyester sign products with many varieties and small quantities, neither the processing technology nor the production cost can be considered. adapt. Here we introduce a process technology that uses screen printing to print colorful polyester signs, for reference by manufacturers engaged in small batches and multi-variety colored polyester signs.

Metal screen printing

Metal screen printing has a wide range and can print all kinds of logos, panels, signs and metal molded products. Most of them are decorated by direct printing, and there is not much difference in screen printing techniques. However, metal products are durable goods and require higher surface decoration and durability. Therefore, surface treatment is often performed before printing, such as surface coating, electroplating, and anode. Oxidation or mechanical roughening (travel pattern, drawing), etc. When printing, make sure the surface is clean, so be sure to wear gloves when working. If there are stains such as grease, fingerprints, and dust on the treated surface, they must be removed with solvents such as trichlorethylene, thinner, and gasoline. In addition, appropriate printing inks should be selected according to the surface properties of the metal. For example, amino and epoxy resin thermosetting inks should be used on the coating surfaces of amino baking varnish and epoxy baking varnish; on natural drying coatings such as nitro varnish, Solvent volatile or oxidative drying inks can be used, but solvents or thinners must be used with caution to prevent damage to the paint surface, and a layer of varnish is added after printing to improve the gloss and protect the entire surface; the electroplated surface of metal is also It can be printed with thermosetting ink, but attention must be paid to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the electroplating layer and the metal to control the heating temperature and avoid cracking of the coating caused by a huge difference in expansion coefficient; the anodizing of the aluminum plate will form an oxide layer with uniform gaps (thickness is about 2~10μm), has a large surface area, which can improve the adhesion of the coating (ink). In addition, it has the ability to absorb dyes, and can be used to make dyed signs using diffusion ink or dip dyeing methods.

1. Silk screen corrosion signs Corrosion signs are a traditional sign. The varieties include sandblasted oxidation paint signs used for instrument panels, corrosion baked signs used for vehicle and ship license plates, equipment numbers and various machine tools and electrical appliances nameplates, and used for industrial environment comparisons. Copper front-plated signs for harsh mechanical and electrical products, porcelain oxide paint signs used for surface decoration of meters and electronic instruments, and high-gloss signs, etc. In the past, the graphics and text on these signs were all developed by photochemical methods using liquid photosensitive glue (protein glue, bone glue, gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol glue, etc.).

Although this method has the advantage of small distortion of graphics and text, it has the disadvantages of multiple production processes, low production efficiency, high labor intensity, and high energy consumption. Using screen printing to display graphics and text can improve production efficiency several times and save a lot of auxiliary materials and energy. The following is a detailed introduction to the readers about the graphic and text screen printing process of corrosion signs.

2. Silk-printed aluminum oxidation dyeing signs Aluminum oxidation signs have a hard and smooth surface, which is wear-resistant and durable.

After the aluminum oxidation signs and panels are oxidized and sealed, there is an oxide film on the surface, making the surface hard and smooth. Screen printing with ordinary ink often has poor adhesion, which should be paid special attention to. To solve this problem, we must first solve the problem of screen printing ink and operation. The use of alumina screen printing ink is the key to solving problems such as the adhesion and firmness of the ink film in alumina screen printing. This ink is different from ordinary inks in that it will adhere firmly to the aluminum plate and also has good light resistance. It is an ideal ink for screen printing aluminum anodized signs.

3. Silk-printed convex-concave colored aluminum signs The convex-concave signs are characterized by painting in the concave areas. They have good wear resistance and have a three-dimensional effect. They are mostly used for mechanical nameplates and company plaques. The traditional production method is to manually paint the corroded recesses (or inject paint with an injection needle), and then trim them by hand to remove the residual paint on the edges. This method is not only time-consuming and inefficient, but also requires the operator to have skilled skills. Moreover, the produced signs often have unclear edges, deformed handwriting, and unstable quality. Therefore, we are limited to producing some signs with small batches, few colors, low quality requirements and very simple patterns.

4． Silk-screen sandblasting and oxidized paint-embedded aluminum signage The silk-screen sandblasting and oxidized paint-embedded aluminum signage process is a traditional signmaking process. This type of product has a silvery white appearance, high surface hardness, and good wear resistance.

5. Silk-printed wood alumina sign Water white alumina sign is a new type of matte surface sign that has recently appeared in my country. This kind of sign has a milky white appearance, smooth surface, no concave and convex feeling, and is resistant to moisture and heat, salt spray, and mold. It also has strong resistance to sunlight, abrasion, and organic solvents, and is suitable for applications that require frequent wiping. Machine tools and complete machines working in harsh environmental conditions. What's even more valuable is that the production process of silk-screen water-white alumina signs is low, the work efficiency is high, and there is basically no "three wastes" produced. Its consumption of manpower and energy (including water and electricity) does not exceed one-third of traditional corrosion signs.

6． Printed aluminum oxidation color sign Aluminum flat anodized sign is one of the sign varieties and is widely used. It has the characteristics of beauty, brightness, high hardness and good wear resistance. In the past, the process included aluminum plate blanking, mechanical polishing, chemical polishing, and oxidation; indirect method screen printing, thick zinc-barium white paint plus alkyd varnish for protective printing; and dye paste for coloring. Regardless of screen printing or dyeing, this process has the disadvantages of using a lot of materials, complex processes, low printing durability, poor resolution, and high cost. Under the existing technical conditions, it is possible to develop a new process with relatively simple procedures, good quality and high efficiency. The new process uses non-toxic diazo photosensitive adhesive to directly produce screen printing plates. Practice has proven that it can meet the requirements of fast plate making, high resolution, high printing durability and less material use. Moreover, the processes of printing protective paint, dyeing, and deprinting materials can be combined into one, that is, self-made water-based dyeing printing materials, direct dyeing, and continuous color registration, without the need for a color tank. This greatly simplifies the entire process and operating procedures, and provides a new method for flat oxidation dyeing signs.

7. High-gloss three-dimensional embossed aluminum signage With the continuous development of production technology and the improvement of people's material and spiritual living standards, people not only have higher and higher requirements for the function of the product, but also for the shape and shape of the product. Pretending also puts forward higher requirements. Especially with the development of domestic and foreign market economies and the continuous expansion of foreign trade, people have increasingly higher requirements for product functions and external quality. In order to improve the market competitiveness of products, high-gloss three-dimensional relief signs for high-end products have been widely used.

8. Silk screen electroplating plaque Plaque is a product produced by many sign factories. Plaques are mainly made of metal materials, which require solemnity, obviousness, and strong decoration. Among traditional metal plaques, square plaques with brass floors, corroded characters, and black paint are the most common. With the continuous changes in people's aesthetic views and the gradual development of the commodity economy, there are new and different requirements for the quality of plaques. Since the sign industry introduced screen printing technology, it not only promoted the development of screen printing technology, but also provided technical means for the sign industry to develop new products. The new type of electroplating plaque made by silk screen printing method is the product of the combination of sign electroplating and silk screen printing technology. Its basic method is to screen-print plain text graphics on a copper plate, use an ink layer to protect and cover the non-graphic parts, and electroplat the silver parts of the graphics with a copper, nickel, and chromium system, and then perform mechanical shaping and protection processing.

9． Imitation metal etching screen printing Products imitated by metal etching printing have a visual effect of metal etching. In order to achieve the above effects, the surface of the substrate should have a mirror gloss. A concave and convex ink coating is printed on the substrate with transparent ink, forming a frosted glass-like rough surface. The combination of rough surfaces with strong contrast makes the printing surface concave, and the mirror surface produces a convex printing effect. The stronger the contrast, the better the imitation etching effect. The concave and convex effect is proportional to the thickness of the ink coating. The ink contains high solid content, and the effect will be better if a low-mesh printing plate is used.

This technique initially uses acrylic emulsion (solid content 50%) gel-like ink, which is heat-treated at 180°C after drying. Therefore, the substrates are limited to heat-resistant metals and glass, and hard plastics and paper cannot be used. Due to the use of highly viscous gel inks such as acrylic emulsions and the temperature during operation, the stability of the ink viscosity is extremely poor, and the quality of the product fluctuates greatly. Since the use of ultraviolet drying inks in screen printing, printing processes and techniques have gained great flexibility. UV ink is 100% curable. The ink can harden after 3 to 5 seconds of UV irradiation, during which the surface temperature is about 100°C. If a water-cooled UV irradiation machine is used, the temperature can be lowered to about 60°C, and the types of substrates will also increase. It can be used on aluminum foil paper with mirror gloss, evaporated paper, evaporated vinyl chloride film, and evaporated polyester film. Print on other materials.

10. How to screen-print conical scales: First, screen-print the graphics and text onto the transfer rubber, then install the conical parts on a homemade special fixture, and then roll them over the transfer rubber, so that the graphics and text are Transferred to the conical part.

11. Imitation porcelain anodized signs have a enamel-like surface with soft luster, good resistance to corrosion, high hardness and wear resistance, good thermal insulation and electrical insulation, good covering ability and The ideal adsorption capacity makes it a good decoration for instruments and meters, especially for high-end machines. However, gas containing chromium escapes during the production process, so the operating equipment should be equipped with good exhaust and ventilation equipment to avoid poisoning. The surface pretreatment method of oxidized porcelain signs is basically the same as that of screen-printed, sandblasted and oxidized inlaid paint signs, except that oxidized porcelain signs generally do not require chemical polishing and are directly oxidized. The punching processing of imitation porcelain oxidation corrosion signs, imitation porcelain oxidation dyeing signs and imitation porcelain oxidation printed signs is generally carried out before oxidation. The oxidation process of imitation porcelain oxidation corrosion signs is the same as the sandblasting oxidation inlay paint process, and the oxidation dyeing process of imitation porcelain signs is the same as that of screen-printed aluminum oxidation color signs.

Screen printing of ceramics

The methods that have long been used for pattern decoration on ceramics are blow-jet, hand-painted, rubber stamping, and decals printed with copper plates and lithographs transfer printing and other methods. In recent years, with the application of screen printing in the ceramic industry, the decorative patterns on ceramics have become more three-dimensional. The fired glaze is very thick and the color is very bright, and it looks like it was painted with enamel. The pattern is more delicate than the pattern generally using the blow-jet method, and the production efficiency is also much improved. Since silk screen printing has many of the above-mentioned advantages for the decoration of ceramics, its application scope is getting wider and wider day by day.

Glass screen printing

Glass screen printing is to use a screen printing plate and glass glaze to perform decorative printing on glass products. Glass glaze is also called glass ink and glass printing material. It is a paste printing material mixed and stirred by coloring materials and connecting materials. The coloring material is composed of inorganic pigments and low melting point flux (lead glass powder); the binding material is commonly known as suet in the glass screen printing industry. The printed glass products must be placed in a furnace and fired at a temperature of 520~600°C. Only then can the glaze printed on the glass surface be solidified on the glass to form colorful decorative patterns. If silk screen is used together with other processing methods, more ideal results will be obtained. For example, using polishing, engraving, etching and other methods to process the glass surface before or after printing can double the printing effect.

1. Glass products etching and screen printing For a long time, the etching decoration of glass products has been to heat-coat a wax layer and other reinforcing materials on the surface of the glass as a resist layer, and then use a needle, knife, etc. to carve patterns on the coating to expose the glass. The surface is then etched with hydrofluoric acid on this part. This process continues to be used by manufacturers today, but its processing method is time-consuming, laborious, and inefficient. The silk screen etching process makes etching decoration of glass products simple, time-saving and labor-saving. There are two methods for etching silk screen printing on glass: hot printing and cold printing. Thermoplastic etching screen printing is to add a small amount of resist powder to a binder prepared from paraffin, asphalt, stearic acid, etc. to prepare a resist printing material. The printing material is scraped and printed according to the design pattern through the thermal printing screen plate. to the glass surface to form a resist film. The part of the resist film where the glass is exposed is the pattern that needs to be etched. Etching is performed using chlorofluoric acid, and after etching, boiling water is used to rinse off the resist layer printed on the glass. Glass silk screen etching can also be performed using cold printing methods. For resist printing materials, special asphalt paint plus resist powder can be used, or commercially available anti-adhesive inks can be purchased. After printing is completed and the resist film is completely dry, hydrofluoric acid etching can be performed. Hot stamping is suitable for the etching of two-sided and four-sided continuous patterns, and cold stamping is suitable for the etching of individual patterns.

2. Glass ice flower screen printing Ice flower is commonly known as orange peel pattern, which is actually very small low melting point glass particles. This kind of fine glass particles contains high lead content and is available in two types: colored and colorless. The colored hues include red, yellow, blue, green, white, etc., and can also be formulated to produce intermediate tones. Silk screen ice flower decoration is elegant and elegant. It is mostly used for architectural glass decoration and arts and crafts glass decoration, such as the decoration of high-end glassware, lamps, etc.

Silk-screen glass ice flower decoration is to first screen-print a colored or colorless glass flux layer (flux) on the surface of the glass, and then sprinkle the ice flower glass particles on this glass flux layer. Through sintering at 500~590℃, the flux layer and ice particle layer on the glass surface are fused to produce a relief effect. For example, the silk screen printing on the glass is a colored flux, and the tiny ice flowers are transparent. After melting at high temperature, the flux layer in the glass ice pattern will fade, and a colored, raised transparent relief pattern will be formed on the glass surface.

3. Glass frosting Silk screen frosting is to adhere a certain size of glass glaze powder to the finished glass. After baking at a high temperature of 580~600℃, the glass glaze coating melts on the glass surface and shows the characteristics of A method of decorating the glass body in different colors. The adhered glass-colored glaze powder can be applied with a brush or a rubber roller. Through silk screen processing, the hollow pattern of the frosted surface can be obtained. The method is: silk-print a layer of patterns formed by a flux resister on the surface of the glass product. After the printed pattern is dry, frosting is carried out. Then after high-temperature baking, the frosted surface where there is no pattern is melted on the glass surface, and where the silk screen pattern is located, the sand surface covering the pattern cannot be melted on the glass surface due to the effect of the flux retardant. After baking, the transparent floor-to-ceiling pattern appears through the translucent sand surface, forming a special decorative effect. Frosted screen printing flux resist is composed of ferric oxide, talcum powder, clay, etc. It is ground with a ball mill to a fineness of 350 mesh and mixed with an adhesive before screen printing.

4. Screen printing ion exchange coloring of glass Colored glass can be obtained by exchanging silver with sodium ions in the glass and then reducing it to become a metallic colloid. Use screen ink containing silver ions to print only the portion to be colored on a transparent glass plate. After firing and cleaning, only the printed portion changes from yellow to brown. Depending on the firing conditions, the color tone, density, etc. will change. Since there is no difference in reflection between the uncolored parts and the colored parts, there is no unnatural feeling at all, just like melting and coloring glass. The coloring of the characters and marks on the glass, the heat-proof treatment of the rear window glass of the car, and the brown color of the simple scale used in the computation experiment were obtained by this method. The screen printing ink (printing material) of this decorative process is mostly composed of silver carbonate, copper sulfate (fired powder), iron dioxide, talc, etc., with a small amount of zinc powder as a catalyst.

5. Silk screen contact control panel In designing the temperature program for the microwave oven, switches combined with a microcomputer are used. This kind of switch is different from ordinary mechanical switches. It is a switch printed on a glass plate. It has no movable parts and no convex and concave parts. It is very smooth, easy to remove dirt, and can be turned on and off by touching it with your hand. The surface of this control panel is covered with a conductive film, and screen-printed ceramic ink is used around it for decoration and text display. Its advantages are mechanical wear resistance, chemical corrosion resistance and easy decontamination. In addition, in order to color the glass during design, organic coatings can be printed on the back. Since the back cannot be directly contacted, it is highly durable and has a large choice of inks.

6． Matte screen printing on the glass surface. Use a screen printing plate to print the matte ink on the glass surface (produced in Belgium) on the soda-lime glass. Wash it with water after a few minutes. The effect will be like brown glass. Hydrofluoric acid is usually used when etching glass, which is dangerous. This kind of ink does not contain strong acid and is easy to operate. Its matting effect is similar to that of etching.

7. Silk screen printing of electric heating defogging devices. In order to prevent condensation of water vapor on the rear window glass of automobiles, more and more electric heating defogging devices are printed. This silk screen printing method involves applying silver paste into lines on smooth glass and firing it while bending the glass. When the rear window is blurred and fogged, the lines are heated by electric current, which increases the temperature of the glass surface and removes water vapor. When this kind of electric defogging device is powered on, some cars do not use a manual switch, but automatically power on and off. The sensor of this automatic device is to screen-print serrated electrodes on thin plate glass, and then cover it with a layer of moisture-sensing body, using the humidity ratio to automatically control power on and off.

8. Silk screen printing of liquid crystal display components. Liquid crystal digital display components are spaced about 10μn apart. It is made by sealing the surroundings of two thin glass sheets, injecting liquid crystal, and sealing the injection port. On the surfaces of these two pieces of glass, transparent conductive strands in the shape of an "8" are silk-printed. This "8" consists of seven parts, which can partially increase the voltage to display the numbers (0~5). The process of making this "8"-shaped pattern is to first screen-print only the "8"-shaped part with acid-resistant ink on the field glass with the entire electrically conductive strands, and then etch it with acid to remove the unused parts. Printing part of the conductive strand. Screen printing in electronic product manufacturing In the production process of electronic products, screen printing has become an indispensable process. Such as product shell decoration, printed circuits, thick film integrated circuits, solar cells, electricity; capacitors, piezoelectric components, photosensitive components, thermal components, liquid crystal display components, etc., are all used to varying degrees in the production process. Screen printing process.

Other screen printing methods

1. Lottery screen printing In the past ten years, the need for masking ink has been increasing year by year.

In offset printing

Reference materials: Packaging printing online website