Tourist Line 1: Wufoshan and Maanshan Tourist Inspection Routes

The route runs generally north-south and crosses the Ma'an Mountain in the west extension of Yuzhai Mountain. The northern slope of Ma'anshan is within the jurisdiction of Yanshi City, and the southern slope is under the jurisdiction of Dengfeng City. Ma'anshan is 1258m above sea level, with a height difference of 950m on the north slope and 680m on the south slope. The ridge of Ma'anshan is steep and straight, while the north and south slopes are relatively gentle. There are simple roads accessible to cars and the transportation is convenient.

The north and south slopes of Ma'anshan are one of the most geologically researched sections in the Songshan area. Since the 1950s, countless stratigraphers, tectonologists, geological team members, teachers and students from geological colleges have come here to study. Many Precambrian stratigraphic rock units in the Songshan area were studied and established here, including the Neoarchaean Dengfeng Rock Group, the Neoarchaean gneiss suite in the Junzhao North District, Paleoproterozoic intrusive rocks, and Mesoproterozoic intrusions. Yan, Meso-Neoproterozoic Wufoshan Group, etc. Place names used to name stratigraphic units include Guojiayao, Jinjia, Laoyanggou, Beigou, Qingyanggou, Wujia, Jinyao, Lijiagou, Lujiagou, Wufoshan, Ma'anshan, Puyu, Luotuopan , Hejiazhai, etc. The northern and southern slopes of Ma'anshan have also been the subject of the most published papers and monographs.

The route starts from Shuimo Bay, 20km west of Dengfeng City. Shuimowan is located within the Shizheng K-feldspar granite body. Not far to the north, it enters the metamorphic rock area. The southern slope of Ma'anshan is where the Dengfeng Group was established in the early days. It has extremely rich geological content in terms of strata, structures and magmatic rocks. Since the schistosity and gneissiness of the stratigraphy and intrusive rocks are nearly north-south, they are parallel to our tourist route. Most of the south slope road winds up in the Guojiayao Rock Formation of the Dengfeng Rock Group. To observe more geological units, you must leave the road from time to time and pursue the east and west sides to broaden your field of vision. So we can see the three rock groups of Guojiayao, Jinjia and Laoyanggou of the Neoarchaean Dengfeng Rock Group. The deformed almond-shaped structures in amphibolite schist and plagioclase amphibolite schist are clear and common; you can see Neoarchean Beigou monzonitic granite gneiss, Qingyanggou metagabbro diorite, Wujia gneissic monzonitic granite and other metamorphic deformation intrusions; we can see the Paleoproterozoic Jinyao pegmatite group, Lijiagou metabasic dyke group and Lujiagou potash feldspar granite; we can see the interpenetrating and intrusive relationship between them; we can see the deformation and metamorphic relics of different levels and stages. Many typical structural traces are difficult to see in geological textbooks. Their variety will amaze you and make your trip worthwhile.

Climbing the ridge of Ma'an Mountain and looking around, the silhouette of Mang Mountain appears in the vast distance to the north. The Yiluo River winds eastward under Mang Mountain and flows into the Yellow River. To the south, Jishan Mountain faces each other in the distance, and on both sides of the Yinghe River, there are endless green fields. On the east and west sides of Ma'anshan, there are two north-south ridges composed of the hard quartzite of the Songshan Group - Baoyang Mountain and Anpo Mountain. The mountains are majestic, like two giant legs, reaching straight into the Junzhao Basin.

The Ma'anshan Ridge is a single-sided mountain composed of the Ma'anshan Formation of the Wufoshan Group. The Ma'anshan Formation unconformably covers the Neoarchaean Dengfeng Rock Group and gneissic intrusive rocks. There is no Songshan Group near the highway. , the unconformable interface is the Zhongyue motion interface. Going down the north slope of Ma'an Mountain and entering Foguang Valley, you will see the complete cross-section of the Wufoshan Group. Wufoshan is a small village. In the south of the village, there are five sliding triangles arranged in a row, shaped like five Buddha statues. They are the product of the sliding structure of Songshan Mountain. Here, the Ma'anshan Formation sandstone is the underlying system, the Puyu shale is the lubricating layer, the triangular surface seen today is the sliding surface, and the Puyu shale and the Luotuopan sandstone above it are the sliding system. Slippery surfaces of different orders and shapes can be seen in many places. An illusion of micro-angle unconformity can be seen between the top of the Puyu shale in the Wufoshan Group and the Luotuopan sandstone. In 1958, Professor Ma Xingyuan named the "Yanshi Movement" based on this, but he later denied it. There may have been sliding between the two, and there may have been a brief sedimentation break or underwater erosion, so they should still be in an integrated relationship.

Continue heading north, pass the seat of Foguangyu Township Government, and enter the Cambrian distribution area of ??the Paleozoic Era. The Cambrian system is well exposed in Foguangyu, with continuous and complete layers. Above the Fengshan Formation on both sides of the pass, the limestone of the Lower Majiagou Formation of the Middle Ordovician can still be seen.

On this tourist route, two unconformable interfaces of the Zhongyue Movement and the Shaolin Movement can be seen.