A preliminary study on geographical fast memory method

Too many. See for yourself when you have time and post some:

Earth characteristics

The equator is slightly bulging and the poles are slightly flat.

From west to east, time began to change.

North and South are parallel lines, which are relatively equal circles.

Things are longitude lines, which form parallel circles separately;

The equator is the longest, and polarization is the focus.

Division of East, West, North and Southern Hemisphere

20 degrees west longitude, 0/60 degrees east longitude,

Generally speaking, the eastern hemisphere and the western hemisphere.

Northern and southern hemispheres, equatorial zero latitude,

The four seasons are temperate, and the north and south are opposite.

Day and night alternation and seasonal variation

The earth rotates and changes day and night.

Around the sun, four seasons appear.

One day rotates, one year revolves.

From west to east, the direction remains the same.

The five regions of the earth

The earth has five regions, all separated by four lines;

Back to the tropics, the polar circle is divided into cold and warm;

There are two cold temperatures and five areas with uneven temperatures.

(1) Temperature refers to temperature.

Map direction

Identify the direction of the map and put it in front of you;

From north to south, from left to west and from right to east.

The plot is easy to distinguish, but the latitude and longitude network is difficult;

Weft refers to the north-south and east-west warp circles.

Polar projection, with special direction:

For the northern hemisphere, the heart is four Nan Zhou;

In the east-west direction of the northern latitude circle, the rotation is counterclockwise.

For the southern hemisphere, north and south around the heart;

South latitude circle east and west, rotate clockwise.

Continent and ocean

The total surface area of the earth is * * * 501 million;

The percentage of land and water is 7 1 ocean.

Six continents, including islands and seven continents;

Asia, Africa, North and South America, Antarctic Ocean Europe.

Water is four oceans, and peace is the deepest and widest;

Daxi "S" shape, Indian Arctic Ocean.

Plate structure, six plates are combined together;

The plot is relatively stable, and there are many earthquakes at the junction.

The location of the oceans and continents

The ocean is bounded by the mainland, and the mainland is bounded by the ocean.

The Pacific Ocean is the first of the four oceans and lies between Asia and Australia.

The Atlantic Ocean is in the southwest of North America, and the east coast is very important to Europe and Africa.

The Indian Ocean is adjacent to Asia, Africa and Australia, and the south is connected by Sanyo Water.

The Arctic Ocean has the smallest water surface, including Asia, Europe and North America.

The boundaries and positions of the seven continents

The surface of the earth covers a large area, and Asia, Europe, Africa and the United States are all in the south.

Asia and Europe are integrated, and Ulagao adds points to both sides;

Asia and Africa were originally connected, and the Suai Canal was cut off.

Asia and North America are separated by water, with the Bering Strait in the middle;

China and the United States came to bring the North and the South together, and the Bana Canal was blocked.

Oceania is small in size and seems to be broken.

Asia, Europe, Africa and the Eastern Hemisphere, and North and South America occupy the Western Hemisphere.

Only the Antarctic is independent, and the ice sheet is called the plateau.

(1) ocean, Oceania. America, South America and North America. South, Antarctica.

② Wula, Ural Mountain and ural river. Goga, Caucasus mountains.

③ Suez Canal, Suez Canal.

(4) Bana Canal and Panama Canal.

Topography of seven continents

Asia

The terrain in Asia is mixed, and the height in the middle is surrounded by depressions.

The alluvial plain is wide and the mountain plateau is large.

River radiation, water resources can be boasted.

Europe

The peninsula has many seas and segments;

The mountains live in the north and south, and the central plain is low;

Flat terrain, the first altitude.

North America

The eastern plateau is connected with the mountainous area, and the western mountainous area is connected with the plateau.

The east and west alternate high continents, which are called lakes and seas in the world.

South America. See AMERICA

The Andes are located in the western and eastern plains and plateaus.

Topographic world first, plateau and plain first.

The mountains in the west are the longest and the Amazon River basin is very wide.

Rainforest ranks first in the world, and grassland is pampas grassland.

Africa

With an average elevation of 600 meters, it is called the mainland plateau continent.

The eastern plateau is integrated with the western desert plain.

Oceania

Community, divided into two areas,

One continent, two islands.

The continent is high from east to west with a basin in the middle.

Antarctica

Surrounded by Sanyo, it has accumulated ice and snow for many years;

More than two thousand meters, the highest altitude.

submarine topography

Shallow sea continental shelf and outer continental slope;

The ridge and seabed of the ocean basin are unpredictable.

topographic change

Terrain changes, internal forces and external forces add up.

The sea has changed and the internal strength has increased;

Keywords plate movement, stretching and extrusion,

Faults and folds, high depressions;

Volcanic earthquake, plate margin.

External forces should not be underestimated;

Keywords wind, waves, water and ice, erosion change,

Over time, cut high and fill low.

Weather and climate

Weather: cloudy, sunny, rainy, snowy, cold and windy for a short time.

Climate: average annual spring, summer, autumn and winter.

Temperature distribution law

Temperature distribution is different, from high latitude to low latitude;

Land is different from the ocean. In summer, the land temperature is high and the ocean temperature is low.

The height of the terrain also has an impact, with a difference of 6℃ per kilometer.

The harm of global warming

Air pollution and global warming;

Glaciers melted and the coast was flooded.

Measures are urgently needed.

Formation of wind

High temperature and high gas rise under low pressure;

Gas comes from high pressure and flows to form wind.

Earth pressure zone

High pressure zone 4 and low pressure zone 3:

Between 5 degrees north and south latitude, high temperature gas appears,

2 [geographical formula] (organized into a book, easy to copy! )

Equatorial depression, convenient precipitation;

30 degrees north and south, deflection under airflow,

Sub-hot high air pressure, less rain and frequent droughts;

Polar pressure is low, close to the poles;

60 degrees north and south, extremely low.

Earth wind belt

The pressure belt is separated, and there are six wind belts:

Trade winds surround the equator, and easterly winds emerge from the poles.

North-south westerly belt, 40-60 degrees.

Precipitation formation condition

The air is full and the temperature drops;

Condensed nucleus, collision;

Weight gain, rain and snow.

Precipitation distribution law

Equatorial high temperature, more precipitation:

The poles are cold and precipitation is difficult.

Tropic of Cancer, divided into the west;

Keywords continental west coast, subtropical high,

The trade winds are blowing, and the precipitation is insufficient;

The land on the east coast, the reason of monsoon,

The climate is warm and the precipitation is abundant.

Mid-latitude, inside;

Away from the ocean, the climate is dry.

Factors affecting climate

The factors affecting climate should be considered from four aspects;

Latitude is the first, and the equatorial poles are very different;

Followed by land and sea, the summer in the open sea is cool;

Terrain is also very important, don't be cold and windy;

Ocean currents should not be underestimated, and warm currents will enrich the water.

Distribution and characteristics of terrestrial natural zones

Vegetation animals change with the abnormal surface climate.

There are three types of heat and temperature in the distribution of natural zones;

Vertical variation of tundra ice sheet belt and mountains in sub-frigid zone

On the equatorial edge of the tropical rain forest, high temperature and rainy trees are towering;

Orangutans and apes often appear, and hippos and elephants are not uncommon.

The savanna is sandwiched on both sides, and Africa and South America are the most vast;

In wet and dry seasons, the north and the south are opposite, and the trees are sparse and the grass is dense.

Lions, rhinos, zebras and giraffes migrate to aquatic plants in the dry season.

Tropic of Cancer, the largest region in Africa and Australia;

There are few vegetation and sand dunes, and ostriches and camels are hungry and drought-tolerant.

Temperate deserts live on land and can be seen in Asia, America, Australia and Africa.

It is hot in summer and cold in winter, and the vegetation is not easy to dry.

Temperate grassland has four distinct seasons, many of which are in the middle of the northern hemisphere;

When there is little rain, the grass is particularly short, and antelope rabbits are the most common.

Temperate forests are lush, but pandas and sika deer are rare.

In the coniferous forest in the northern sub-cold zone, pine spruce can resist cold;

In most parts of Asia, America and Northern Europe, animals change their feathers in winter and summer.

The tundra climate is long and cold in winter, the northernmost part of Asia, Europe and America;

Plants lichens and mosses, endemic animals reindeer.

Antarctic ice sheets and icebergs, penguin seals near the coast;

In the Arctic and Greenland, the white bear walrus is not afraid of cold.

World natural resources

land resources

Land resources and living conditions;

Returning farmland to forests and grasslands, deforestation and floods,

Loss and desertification, more people and less land,

Take measures to control * * *.

water resource

There is much water on the ground, and the sea is vast;

Only fresh water resources can be used.

Underground rivers and lakes are more distributed;

It is more difficult to meet the demand.

Protect resources and save money first;

Planting trees and preventing pollution.

Seawater desalination, for a long time.

forest resources

Forest use: provide wood,

Hidden water source, increase humidity;

Protect fields from wind and soil erosion;

Purify the air, ① "natural scheduling".

Protect resources and insert synchronization.

① Adjust and adjust the atmospheric composition. Clean and purify.

mineral resources

There are many kinds of minerals, among which coal, iron and oil are the most important.

Russian, Pakistani, China, Australian, Indian, Canadian and American countries have high iron ore reserves.

Coal mines are from China, the United States and Russia, and the coal quality in Asia, Europe and North America is good;

Oil is concentrated in the Middle East, Russia, the United States, China, Mexico and Britain.

(1) Pakistan and Brazil. India. India.

World population distribution

The world population lives in East Asia and South Asia;

North America and Eastern Europe are densely populated;

This is a coastal plain with a humid and warm climate.

Agriculture has a long history and industrial and commercial cities are developed.

population problem

The population is developing too fast, and the environmental resources are damaged;

The migration of population to cities has brought many unfavorable factors:

Housing, transportation, water and electricity, medical education and employment.

World racial problems

Racial differences in the world depend on skin, hair and eyes.

Bai lives in Europe and America, and Huang lives in Yadong.

Black people are no strangers to the United States, and racial discrimination is light.

Ocean, Oceania, the word "foreign" behind it is the same.

Major world languages

There are 2000 nationalities in the world, many of which have their own languages.

Chinese is used the most, in southeast China and Asia;

English is widely used in Britain, Australia, North America and India.

Russian is relatively concentrated, and Latin American Spanish invades ②;

French is very beautiful in the world, mainly in France;

Arabic, Asia and Africa is an important international language.

Three major religions

World Religion III, Fujian Islam.

One billion Christians are widely distributed in Europe and America.

Buddhism originated in India and returned to true Islam.

600 million Muslims, the most common in Asia and Africa.

(1) Europe and America, Europe, America and Oceania.

Questions about countries around the world

Among the 180 countries in the world, Russia and Canada are the largest.

Territorial waters, land, sea and air, as well as the national boundaries between the two countries have been demarcated.

The political system is subordinate and most countries are underdeveloped;

International communication should be equal, and the five principles should guarantee this.

Regional division of the world

According to human, land and nature, the world is divided into thirteen regions.

There are five regions in Asia: east, west, south, middle and southeast;

Africa is divided into two parts, Sarah is divided into north and south lines;

3 [geographical formula] (organized into a book, easy to copy! )

America is also divided into two parts, with Latin America accounting for the south;

Europe is divided into West Asia, East Asia and North Asia, with only the Antarctic Ocean.

① Man-land, human geographical factors and geographical location.

(2) East is connected with North Asia, and eastern Europe and North Asia are combined into a region.

East Asian countries

There are five countries in East Asia: China, Korea, Japan and Mongolia.

Mongolia lives inland and its animal husbandry is prosperous;

North Korea is divided into north and south, and it is rich in resources.

South Korea's economic development is also called "Little Dragon" with Japan;

China is more important, and we will comment later.

(1) North Korea refers to the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.

(2) North Korea refers to the Korean Peninsula.

East Asian topography

East Asian coastline twists and turns, and peninsula islands are like stars;

There are many plateau mountains in the west and hills in the east;

The terrain is high in the west and low in the east, and the rivers in the east flow into the sea.

East Asian monsoon climate

The East Asian monsoon is remarkable, and the western mainland of the East China Sea.

The specific heat of land and ocean is different, and the air pressure fluctuates with the seasons.

In summer, the land temperature rises rapidly, forming a low pressure area;

Seawater absorbs heat late, with low temperature and high pressure;

The monsoon blows from the sea to the land, and the offshore precipitation is abundant.

There are two kinds of climate, temperate subtropical monsoon.

Differences between coastal and inland areas in East Asia

East Asia coast is warm and humid, with dense population;

The plain has vast arable land and is rich in rice and tea shreds;

There are many good ports along the coast, which are beneficial to economy and trade.

The population in the west is small and there are many plateaus and mountains;

Grassland climate is dry and animal husbandry is suitable for processing.

Japan

Japan's four major islands, this continent is the most important;

The coastline is tortuous and the population is dense and narrow;

Frequent seismic activity and obvious marine monsoon;

Forest is rich in water power and few in mineral resources;

Rapid economic development and high level of science and technology;

The four economic zones depend on the import of raw materials;

Shen Heng Honshu Island Foreign Trade Port.

Tokyo is a hub with high railway speed;

Cold current and warm current meet and fish Hokkaido;

Small plots of land rely on machinery, and agricultural output is high;

Culture has both East and West, representing the cherry blossom country.

Geographical situation in southeast Asia

"Nanyang" Southeast Asia, * * * ten countries;

The largest archipelagic country, Indonesia.

When Europe moves eastward, it must pass through Malacca;

"Crossroads" between India and Taiwan Province.

Between the mountains and rivers on the peninsula, they are distributed in vertical columns.

The upstream V-shaped valley is rich in water resources and electricity.

The downstream is broad and gentle, alluvial into a plain;

Soil and fertilizer irrigation, thick people, prosperous agriculture.

There are many volcanoes in the archipelago, between the three plates;

Indonesia, also known as "the country of volcanoes",

Farmers are not afraid of risks and farm in the crater.

Two Climate Types in Southeast Asia

On the equatorial edge of tropical rain forest, Malay Peninsula Islands;

Convective rain dominated the whole year, and the precipitation load exceeded 2000;

There are a lot of plants in the rain and heat, and farming is not idle in the four seasons.

The tropical monsoon is divided into rain and drought, and the Indo-China Peninsula is north of the Philippines.

The rainy season is from June to1October, and the drought is from 1 1 month to May.

Annual precipitation 1500, sowing in rainy season and harvesting in drought.

Residents and products in Southeast Asia

Southeast Asia has outstanding people and rich products;

Rubber oil brown tin, rich in Malaya;

Coconuts and bananas, the Philippines can boast;

Rice is the staple food, and the quality in Thailand is good;

In Brunei, Indonesia, oil is being developed;

Many people believe in Buddhism and build essence;

Angkor Wat in Cambodia and Shwedagon Pagoda in Yangon;

With the development of economy, China people have made great contributions.

1) Malaya, Malaysia.

Singapore

Singapore in the Malay Peninsula, an island country shaped like a lion city;

The island is as small as a star and densely populated, with more than three quarters of Chinese.

"Crossroads" Malacca, the only place for lunar navigation.

Independent emerging industrial countries that are poor in resources and dependent on imports.

Superior geographical location, good port and numerous foreign trade and shipping;

Open the door to attract capital and technology, and industrial development will be a "little dragon".

This garden city has a beautiful environment and a lot of foreign exchange earned by tourism.

Indonesia

Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country.

The output ranks first in the world, Muhutengjinna (1);

The oil export port is also the largest in this area;

Tropical rain forest scenery, jade chain hanging;

Bandung has an elegant environment and good recuperation tourism;

Jakarta, the capital, is located in Java Island.

(1) wood, kapok, Hu, pepper. Jinna, cinchona.

Geographical climate of South Asia

South Asia subcontinent, the terrain is divided into three parts:

The north is mountainous, and the three countries live inland;

Nandegan Plateau is rich in soil, fertilizer and minerals.

In the central agricultural area, the plains are connected in an arc.

Three rivers flow out from the alluvial plain;