Sports recreational vehicle. Tour bus. What is the abbreviation of English full name?

MPV is a multifunctional commercial vehicle.

SUV is the abbreviation of "SportsutityVehicle", that is, sport utility vehicle, also known as recreational off-road vehicle, which is a four-wheel drive van developed from pickup truck chassis and originated in the United States in the 1980s. The most attractive thing about SUV is that it should not only have the comfort of middle and high-end cars, but also have higher off-road and safety, as well as a sense of movement, which is convenient for daily life, travel and outdoor leisure. This is because the front suspension of SUV is an independent spiral spring suspension of car model, and the rear suspension is a non-independent leaf spring suspension of off-road vehicle model, which has a large interior space and is comfortable for carrying people and goods.

In the birthplace of the United States, SUV has been firmly at the top of the best-selling models in recent years because it is suitable for both urban walking and wild Mercedes-Benz, which is very suitable for the new generation's personality of pursuing publicity and loving being close to nature. After SUV entered the China market, it won the favor of many consumers with its high cost performance. Especially in 2003, SUV became the highlight of the auto market, and even people in the industry exclaimed that 2003 was the first year of SUV. SUV new cars have mushroomed, and the sales volume is also high.

At present, there are various domestic SUVs on the market, which are divided into three levels: low, medium and high. The low-grade SUV is below 6.5438+10,000 yuan, mainly the old models. The new cars are most eye-catching with Cheetah Fit, Jeep2500 and the newly listed Terui. Mid-priced cars range from 200,000 to 400,000, and there are many new members, such as speed running, paladin, Huatai Traka and Cheetah flagship. This is a position that most mainstream manufacturers are vying for fiercely at present; The high-end products are more than 400,000, including Jinbei GM, Beijing Jeep, FAW Toyota, and imported SUVs, which fully take care of the needs of different consumers.

MPV is the abbreviation of MiniPassengerVan, which originally meant small passenger van. Later, Renault of France improved this model and introduced the concept of folding in the second and third rows of seats. From then on, MPV has a new meaning, emphasizing versatility, especially cars, station wagons and commercial vehicles.

In the 1970s, when Sperridge was a young engineer at Ford, the idea of MPV began to sprout in his mind. In the late 1970s, Chrysler achieved remarkable success in the large truck market, such as the success of Dodge Ram and the popularity of Dodge Ram in the American market. However, there are two factors that restrict the further promotion of the sales of large vans: First, although this model has always attached great importance to comfort, the driving experience is still similar to that of trucks; Second, they are too big for the garage of an ordinary American family. Therefore, the internal question of Chrysler is: "Why not reduce the size of Dodge Ram, make it more compact and more suitable for the size of the garage, while maintaining practicality and sufficient internal space?"

Sperlich came to Chrysler with his ideas about MPV in 1977. Chrysler, which was in poor operating condition at that time, secretly started the "T- 1 15 Project" and started the research and development of van. The goal is to make passengers feel like getting into the car instead of climbing into the station wagon, and at the same time, there should be enough internal space for passengers to walk between seats.

It was not until June 1983 1 1 that Chrysler's first van appeared on the market. At that time, the car was named Plymouth Jerome and Dodge Caravan respectively, and Chrysler called it "magic station wagon" in North American advertisements. Chrysler's Jielong model was well received by the American public as soon as it came out. In one year, 265,438+0,000 vehicles have been sold in the United States, far exceeding the profit balance point of 654,38+0.55 million vehicles. It should be said that when the American economy was in recession and Chrysler's overall operation was not ideal in the early 1980s, the brand-new van made great achievements in the process of making a comeback.

When the van came out, GM and Ford were not optimistic about the future of the van. However, this innovative product, which combines more space with the comfort and handling convenience of the car, has a surprisingly good market response and extends the powerful MPV whirlwind from North America to the whole world. Subsequently, mainstream automakers in Europe, the United States and Japan began to produce vans.

Viewing MPV from engine

When you open the publicity materials of automobiles, manufacturers often publicize the indicators of engines, which is only a good selling point for manufacturers to show off their own advantages and one of the indicators for consumers to identify the advanced nature of automobiles. So, what is the relationship between engine and MPV?

MPV has two sources, one is derived from the development of car platform, and the other is derived from light passenger cars. MPV representatives from the car platform include Buick GL8, Guangzhou Honda Odyssey and so on. Their engine is exactly the same as that of a car, because this product pursues the comfort of the whole car. MPV evolved from light passenger cars are Ruifeng, popular and so on. They retained a strong historical color and showed their development history in engine technology.

With the development of the times, the development of China's modified car industry, the impact of imported light buses on the market and the intensification of market competition, people put forward new requirements for the comfort of light buses, so the requirements for engines should be gradually improved. In the mid-1990s, China introduced Toyota's 3Y/4Y engine-491gasoline engine. Compared with the 492 engine, this engine has the advantages of smaller displacement, fuel saving, low noise, stable operation and so on, and its specific power and torque are also quite beautiful. It quickly replaced the 492 engine and became the main vehicle type of China light bus. However, people put forward higher and higher requirements for passenger capacity, speed, working stability and noise of passenger cars, and the demand for closed passenger cars is also increasing. 49 1 engine has become increasingly difficult to meet people's requirements for light passenger cars.

In the past two years, the concept of big MPV has become hot. The body and chassis technology of this kind of car comes from light passenger cars and absorbs a lot of car technology, so the tendency of car interior is more obvious. Take Ruifeng as an example, its configuration is very close to Buick GL8, and the relationship between passengers and drivers is becoming more and more blurred. There are not only the passenger capacity of light buses, but also the comfort of cars and the cargo capacity of vans. The car is almost totally enclosed, with a high degree of electrification, and some functions are even higher than cars, which puts higher requirements on the engine. To this end, Ruifeng adopted a modern G4JS engine. This kind of engine is developed and produced on the platform of Euro III emission standard, so it is very easy to meet the current Euro II emission standard now, and it also lays the foundation for future development.

G4JS engine has many advantages. First of all, the previous engines were all 2-valve engines, and G4JS was a 4-valve engine with double overhead camshafts and multi-point injection, which made the intake and exhaust of the engine smoother. Especially in the intake system, G4JS is equipped with a surge tank to form intake pulse, which makes the mixture more fully mixed. At the same time, due to the four-valve technology, the spark plug of the engine can be placed in the middle of the combustion chamber, and the combustion in the cylinder is more fully and evenly after ignition. Its compression ratio reaches 10: 1, which is close to the engine knock point. After the spark plug is ignited, the engine efficiency reaches the extreme (the difference between the three engines can be seen from the comparison table below). Of course, when the combustion is good, the fuel economy of the engine will naturally improve and the emission of harmful substances in the exhaust gas will naturally be low. For example, the national requirement is 5 grams of carbon monoxide, while Ruifeng's is only 0. 1 gram, and the emission limit of nitrogen oxides is 1.7 gram, while Ruifeng's emission is 0.3 gram. That is, advanced engines, emission standards can naturally easily meet the national environmental protection standards. (See attached table for engine performance comparison. )

It is worth noting that the engine used by Ruifeng adopts the electronic control technology of modern company synchronously, which makes the computer control system (ECU) of Ruifeng reach the international advanced level. The technical progress of electronic control system provides a guarantee for the sedan of large MPV, and many devices that need electronic control can be embodied.

According to reports, Ruifeng was tested in the Flame Mountain in Xinjiang, and the temperature usually reached 50-60 degrees Celsius. The highest temperature is 70 degrees Celsius, the air conditioner of G4JS engine is turned on, and the whole vehicle runs normally. When driving on the plateau, the fuel consumption of Ruifeng is actually lower than that in the plain area, because the ECU system has made compensatory adjustments to the engine.

In other words, due to the technical progress of the engine and the continuous progress of the engine electronic control system, the technical progress of light passenger cars and large MPVs and the development of cars have been greatly guaranteed. Due to the improvement of people's living standards, people are increasingly pursuing the comfort of travel, and the requirements for the dignity of travel are getting higher and higher, and there are also requirements for the practicality of cars. In order to meet these demands, advanced engines must be assembled. So when we choose a car and open the engine cover, we must first look at the engine model and then look at the technical indicators of the engine. Without the guarantee of indicators, the modernization and comfort of MPV cannot be guaranteed. If an engine of the same model appears, it depends on the manufacturer. The engine indexes produced by different manufacturers are different, and it also depends on the age of its ECU system.

With the development of light bus market and large MPV market in China, consumers' requirements for engines will be higher and higher, and more high-performance engines will appear continuously. The competition in the engine field determines the position of automobile manufacturers in the market competition to a certain extent. (Wang Sumei)

Engine performance comparison table

(The data comes from the publicity materials released by various automobile manufacturers)

Project Hyundai G4JS Mitsubishi 4G64 Domestic 49 1

Displacement (liter) 2.35 2.35 1.993

Power (kW) 100.7 9 1.26 80

Automobile knowledge: what are SUV, RV and MPV?

The full name of SUV is SportUtilityVehicle, that is, "sports utility vehicle". SUV originated in America. In 1980s, SUV was a kind of van developed on the chassis of pickup truck to cater to the hobbies of young white-collar workers. The ground clearance is large, which not only has the comfort of cars, but also has a certain degree of off-road performance of off-road vehicles. Toyota Lexus RX300 and BMW X5 introduced by 1999 are both luxury SUVs.

The full name of RV is RecreationVehicle, which means "leisure vehicle" in Chinese. Broadly speaking, light passenger cars, including SUVs, can also belong to RV except cars and sports cars. RV is based on family car. Its most important feature is that it is different from traditional cars in appearance. Some RVs look like hatchbacks, while others look like SUVs. The full name of MPV is Multi-PurposeVehicle, that is, multi-purpose vehicle. It integrates the functions of cars, station wagons and vans. Each seat in the car can be adjusted and there are many combinations. At present, the domestic MPV has Shanghai Buick GL8.

The history of MPV in China

Speaking of MPV in China, consumers may feel strange, but most of them know that "bullets", such as Lumina of Chevrolet, Dodge of Chrysler and Overlord of Toyota, were imported in the mid-1990s. From the manufacturing point of view, MPV has not been in China for a long time, but it has been more than five years. The oldest domestic MPV is Buick GL8 produced by Shanghai GM. This MPV with more than 370,000 yuan will position the market in the blank spot of high-end public commercial vehicles. Therefore, the publicity of Shanghai GM is useless, and the sales of Buick GL8 have been very good. The real MPV product is Hainan Mazda Prima, which went offline in May 2003. Hainan Mazda gradually popularized the concept of multi-purpose vehicle by holding MPV essay competition, and refined MPV according to its size, and put forward the concept of Prima as "S-MPV" (small MPV).

At present, among the domestic cars, the models considered as MPV are Shenlong Picasso and Ruifeng Automobile, which are produced by Jianghuai Automobile Company with the introduction of modern Korean technology. However, when broken down, the Dragon Picasso should be regarded as a single-row car rather than an MPV in the general sense, because Picasso's space is relatively small and can only take five people.

Subsequently, the wind of MPV became more and more fierce, and many companies wanted to bring their products into the MPV camp. As a result, the concept of MPV is becoming more and more vague, the coverage is gradually expanding, and various "MPVs" appear.