The origin of the net lake wetland is related to history.

Hubei Wang Hu Wetland Nature Reserve is located in Yangxin County, south bank of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, downstream of Fushui River. It is composed of shallow lakes such as Wanghu Lake, Zhupo Lake, Xiayang Lake, Jiajie Lake, Ronghu Lake, Saiqiao Lake, Baota Lake, flooded swamp wetland and its lakeshore mountains, belonging to inland wetland and aquatic ecosystem nature reserve. The total area is 20495 hectares, including 6598 hectares in the core area, 2 106 hectares in the buffer area and 0/791hectare in the experimental area, involving 8 townships, 26 villages and brigades in Yangxin county. The establishment of the reserve is mainly to protect the typical wetland ecosystem and rare and endangered animals and plants and their habitats.

Waterfowl "gene bank"

In the early summer, it rained several times, and the net lake rose, and the swamp sank into the water with greenery, swaying with the waves and looming.

Because of biodiversity, the provincial wetland nature reserve network lake adds a bit of mystery to Yangxin County in the old district.

Wuzhouzui Protection Station is located on a hill near the lake with a wide view. On the bird-watching platform, we saw a black pheasant lying on the nest incubating eggs through the observation mirror. Surprisingly, the bird's nest floats on the water like a small round boat. "A rising tide lifts all boats, and the nest that was originally placed in the swamp followed Shui Piao, and the black water chicken never left." Liu, deputy director of Huangshi Net Lake Wetland Nature Reserve Administration, said that black water chickens often live in net lakes, and there are 54 kinds of resident birds like this. "Now is not the season for bird watching. As soon as it enters autumn and winter, Jinghu Lake becomes a paradise for birds. " Liu said that Net Lake, as an important post station on the bird migration route of Australia, China and Japan in the Arctic, is an important supply station and resting place for migratory birds from south to north. "According to preliminary statistics, there are 30,000 waterfowl wintering here every year. There are as many as 167 species of birds observed, among which there are 3 species of national first-class protected birds, such as white crane, oriental stork and black stork, and 27 species of national second-class protected birds, such as white spoonbill, little swan and small white goose. "

Annual population number of waterfowl such as Oriental white stork, black stork, bean goose, cygnet, spoonbill, white goose and Hongyan. The overwintering waterbirds in Net Lake reach the standard of 65,438+0% of the number of waterbirds in the global migration route. Therefore, the network lake has international significance. From 65438 to 0999, Net Lake was included in China Wetland Protection Action Plan.

From this point of view, the industry said that Net Lake is a "waterfowl gene bank", worthy of the name.

The mountains and rivers depend on each other, and the low mountains and hills on the north side and southeast side of the net lake form a fjord-like lake shore, and the low mountains and hills on three sides build a thick natural barrier for the net lake. "Creatures use this barrier to reproduce naturally and endlessly." Liu said that there are 59 vascular plants/kloc-0 species, 47 phytoplankton species, and natural vegetation is divided into 4 grades, 9 vegetation types and 29 formations. Among the animal resources, there are 34 species of zooplankton and 30 species of zoobenthos. There are 299 species of vertebrates, including 74 species of fish, 4 species of amphibians/kloc-0, 9 species of reptiles/kloc-0, 67 species of birds/kloc-0 and 25 species of mammals.

Many creatures have their own needs and are interdependent, forming a rich and complete biological chain.

Composite large-scale system

Seen from the sky, Jinghu Lake is like a pearl tied to the "belt" of the Yangtze River. It is a transitional zone between high-altitude species and low-altitude species.

The net lake is rich in species, and many animals and plants are rare. According to Liu, there are 5 species of plants, 2 species of mammals and 30 species of birds in Netlake, and 62 species of animals have become provincial key protection.

In June of 200 1 year, Yangxin county established a wetland nature reserve in Wanghu Lake. In March 2004, Net Lake was upgraded to Huangshi Municipal Nature Reserve. In August 2006, it was upgraded to a provincial protected area.

Waters, shoals, meadows, fish ponds, farmland, coniferous forests, bamboo forests, camphor trees, net lakes and other ecosystems are complex and relatively unified, belonging to a continuous composite wetland ecosystem of "lake-swamp-forest".

This huge system has both ecological functions and economic benefits.

Wetland can store 460 million cubic meters of water, which is an important flood storage area for the Yangtze River and Fuhe River. Carrying 35,000 hectares of rainwater, it is a refilter and decomposer of 80% of the county's surface water, domestic sewage and some industrial wastewater, maintaining the ecological health of Yangxin area; It also plays an inestimable role in carbon sequestration and emission reduction, climate regulation, disaster prevention and mitigation. At the same time, its economic benefits are also obvious. Net Lake is a land of fish and rice, with more than 500,000 people around it, and produces more than 0/0000 tons of aquatic products every year.

After the establishment of Huangshi Wanghu Wetland Nature Reserve Management Bureau in 2004, it carried out investigation and monitoring to grasp the dynamic changes of resources, and successively completed a series of surveys such as synchronous waterfowl survey in five provinces and one city, secondary wetland survey in the whole province, and periodic background survey. The daily monitoring and resource patrol system of waterfowl in the whole region and key areas has been established, and rare birds and fish 12 species have been newly discovered, including Chinese sturgeon under national first-class protection and curly pelican, white-bellied falcon and crested eagle under second-class protection.

The Administration cooperates with relevant functional departments such as forestry, environmental protection, water conservancy, agriculture, aquatic products and land, as well as towns and communities in various jurisdictions to investigate and deal with illegal acts of destroying resources such as indiscriminate mining and hunting, indiscriminate requisition and occupation, indiscriminate mining and excavation, and indiscriminate sewage discharge.

Ecological hope restoration

People's activities have carved many traces in the network lake.

"In the sixties and seventies of last century, there were 100,000 young people in the science fiction novel Minda Lake. Since then, the net lake has been divided into more than 20 lakes. Zhupo Lake, Xiayang Lake, Jiajie Lake, Ronghu Lake, Saiqiao Lake and Baota Lake. Used to be part of the Great Net Lake. Historically, Jinghu Lake has more than 600,000 mu of water surface in the rainy season. " Shi Jiaofa, director of the Wetland Management Bureau, was sad.

Reclaiming land for lake management makes the net lake ecosystem fragile.

"After the network lake was contracted out, the large-scale aquatic plants in the original lake branch and shallow water began to decrease gradually. Now, we can't see the beauty of the10,000-acre diamond turning with the wind and waterfowl shuttling through it. " Liu Chunmu, a fisherman from Wang Hu Village, Taogang Town, who lived by the Net Lake since childhood, can't help feeling sorry.

The staff of the administration said that the "underwater forest" dominated by Sophora alopecuroides and various algae is also slowly declining.

Predatory farming is the number one killer threatening the ecological balance of Jinghu Lake. At present, in order to maximize profits, the aquaculture companies operating the net lake adopt the methods of high-density seedling throwing and high-intensity fertilizer application, which seriously affects the water quality of the net lake. In the test last summer, some areas of the lake reached four types of water quality, and the visibility was less than 80 cm.

The number of Sophora alopecuroides used to account for 90% of the province, but now it is also declining, and the overall number of cygnets is also declining because of the reduction of staple food.

Net Lake is surrounded by mountains on three sides, and there are many industrial and mining enterprises around it. "The traditional coastal economy has shifted inward, and the number of quarrying, mining and chemical polluting enterprises around the reserve has increased, which has increased the pressure on wetland protection." The Stone Law stipulates that at present, nature reserves are managed by communities, and each township is responsible for the administrative management within its jurisdiction. Forestry, environmental protection, fisheries, water conservancy, land, agriculture, tourism and other departments. It is only responsible for the construction of nature reserves and the protection of wetland resources, and has no land jurisdiction, which greatly reduces the planning execution and comprehensive law enforcement.

Yangxin County Party Committee and government have realized the ineffective management brought by the management system of "Jiulong Water Control, Jiulong Slack", and also realized the impact of foreign contracting and fertilizer breeding on the environment. At the beginning of the year, Yangxin County People's Congress formed a resolution to strengthen the ecological protection of the net lake wetland, and the county government is beginning to straighten out the management system of the protected area and strengthen the comprehensive law enforcement capacity building. In order to solve the problem of insufficient investment, the county has arranged 2 million yuan of protection funds. At the same time, when the contract of the breeding company is about to expire, the management right of the net lake will be recovered, and ecological restoration, ecological breeding, returning the lake to the lake and zero interference management in the core area will be gradually implemented. "Identify wetlands of international importance and establish national nature reserves". At present, the network lake administration has set a goal, and a more beautiful network lake is just around the corner.