From climate change to low-carbon economy, the paper is about 8 words.

Research on the Countermeasures of Developing Low-carbon Economy in China

Abstract: Low-carbon economy based on low energy consumption, low pollution and low emission is a great progress of human society. The industrialization process of China, led by heavy chemical industry, inevitably consumes a lot of energy and resources, and faces unprecedented environmental and climate pressures. Actively implementing energy conservation and emission reduction to promote the development of low-carbon economy has become an irreversible trend of the times. How to achieve low-emission and low-energy growth in the future development, China needs correct countermeasures. This paper introduces the connotation of low-carbon economy, analyzes the present situation of low-carbon economy development in China, and puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for developing low-carbon economy in China.

Keywords: ecological responsibility for energy conservation and emission reduction of low-carbon economy

1 Connotation and characteristics of low-carbon economy

The concept of "low-carbon economy" was first put forward in the White Paper on Energy in Britain, considering climate change and energy security. The key is to reduce the carbon emissions per unit energy consumption and control the growth rate of CO2 emissions. The core is energy technology innovation and system innovation, and the goal is to slow down climate change and promote the sustainable development of mankind. Under the background that the economy and society are increasingly constrained by energy and environment, although there are differences in the expression of low-carbon economy, the connotation of low-carbon economy can be summarized as an economic development model of transition from high-carbon energy to low-carbon energy. On the basis of market mechanism, through the formulation and innovation of institutional framework and policy measures, the development and application of energy-saving technologies, renewable energy technologies and greenhouse gas emission reduction technologies are promoted, and the economic society is transformed into a model of low energy consumption, low carbon emission and high energy efficiency. As a new economic development model, low-carbon economy has three main characteristics: economy, goal and technology. This economic development model is to develop the economy on the basis of reducing carbon dioxide emissions, reducing carbon sources and increasing carbon sinks, thus improving the adjustment and bearing capacity of the ecosystem and transforming the socio-economic system into a low-carbon economy. Therefore, the basis of developing a low-carbon economy is to establish a low-carbon energy system, a low-carbon technology system and a low-carbon industrial structure, as well as a matching production mode and consumption mode, and to build a system of laws and regulations and a market mechanism for developing a low-carbon economy. The core of developing low-carbon economy is institutional innovation and technological innovation. Low-carbon technologies mainly include renewable energy and new energy development technologies, carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technologies and clean coal utilization technologies. Therefore, the essence of low-carbon economy is to transform modern industries by using greenhouse gas emission reduction technology, renewable energy technology and high-efficiency energy-saving technology on the basis of market mechanism, so as to realize great changes in the process of economic development and promote the harmonious development between man and nature.

2 the status quo of China's low-carbon economy development

At present, many developed countries are vigorously promoting the "low-carbon revolution" with energy conservation and emission reduction as the core, and making great efforts to develop "low-carbon technologies". This is both a challenge and an opportunity for our country. At present, China is in the accelerated stage of industrialization, and the total carbon emissions in China are increasing year by year. Due to the huge population, reducing poverty, developing economy and improving the living standards of all people are still the biggest tasks facing China. Therefore, China can only achieve relatively low-carbon economic development. This means that the total amount of greenhouse gas emissions in China may continue to increase as a whole. Of course, there are still some other constraints.

(1) the restriction of energy supply structure. In recent years, due to the rapid growth of China's economy and the rapid increase of resource pressure, the supply of resources has been far from meeting the needs of sustained and rapid economic growth. The most important energy in China is coal. At present, coal accounts for almost 7% of China's energy consumption, forming a coal-based energy structure. Because of the high carbon density of coal, this coal-based energy structure has the basic characteristics of high resource consumption and high emission intensity, and high emission intensity will bring serious environmental pollution and destroy the ecological environment.

(2) the restriction of low-carbon technology level. Due to the low level of independent research and development and independent innovation in China as a whole, the existing technical level of reducing carbon emissions is limited. Compared with developed countries, there is a big gap between China and other developed countries in low-carbon technology, especially in new energy technology and renewable energy, such as hydrogen energy technology, solar photovoltaic cell technology, large-scale wind power generation technology and fuel cell technology. In the power generation industry, China's integrated coal gasification combined cycle technology, cogeneration technology and high-parameter supercritical basis set technology are still immature, and there is a big gap compared with developed countries. Therefore, China's transition to a "low-carbon economy" will face the constraints of low-carbon technology.

(3) constraints on greenhouse gas emission reduction. In recent years, because China is in the process of industrialization and urbanization, the growth of net carbon dioxide emissions is increasing, reaching 824 million tons, accounting for 27.3% of the world's total growth. The net growth trend of greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption shows that it is necessary for China to slow down greenhouse gas emissions, and the international pressure for China to participate in greenhouse gas emission reduction or emission limitation commitments is increasing. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions will also help to achieve the development goal of emission reduction and energy conservation to a certain extent. Therefore, in the next few decades, China needs to coordinate the development between greenhouse gas emission reduction and industrialization, and seek the development path of low-carbon economy.

3 countermeasures for developing low-carbon economy in China

actively developing low-carbon economy will be a topic that China must pay attention to in the future. Low-carbon economy provides a rare opportunity for the development and utilization of new technologies and the development of emerging industries. How to seize the opportunity to meet the challenge, the author believes that China should actively learn from the successful experience and policy measures of western developed countries on the development of low-carbon economy, clearly put forward the development strategy of low-carbon economy, and gradually establish a policy framework for low-carbon economy.

(1) Laws regulate the development of low-carbon economy. The government needs to formulate a series of low-carbon economy laws and policies, focusing on the development of low-carbon economy, such as the Low-carbon Transformation Plan, and formulate relevant supporting laws and regulations such as the Low-carbon Economy Law, the Circular Economy Law and the Renewable Energy Law. Laws concerning renewable energy and environmental protection need to be further revised. These laws should be implemented through legislation, revision of laws and practical actions to support enterprises to take the road of developing low-carbon economy and provide reliable guarantee for China's economy to take the road of new industrialization.

(2) develop renewable energy. Actively take the development of renewable energy as an important measure to reduce carbon emissions. Learn from the experience of western developed countries in developing renewable energy, vigorously advocate the use of clean energy such as solar energy, bio-gas and geothermal energy, strengthen the research, development and utilization of solar energy, gradually increase its use ratio through relevant laws and regulations, and further implement government encouragement policies. Actively apply low-carbon energy technology to renewable energy power generation, and gradually increase the proportion of renewable energy in power generation industry. At the same time, vigorously develop wind power generation, promote the upgrading of existing wind power equipment, reduce the corresponding greenhouse gas emissions, tap the development potential of renewable energy, and open up broad development space for low-carbon technologies such as renewable energy.

(3) increase the research and development of low-carbon technologies. First, set up a special national low-carbon economy research institution, formulate a low-carbon technology development plan, provide technical guidance for relevant institutions and enterprises engaged in low-carbon economy, and organize and coordinate low-carbon technology research and development and industrialization promotion at the national level. Secondly, by means of policy adjustment, we will enhance the technological innovation of the effective use of emission reduction energy, improve the independent technological innovation ability of enterprises, encourage enterprises to develop low-carbon technologies and low-carbon products, limit high-carbon emissions, and take the development path of energy saving, consumption reduction and clean production. Straighten out the enterprise risk investment and financing system, support enterprises to develop low-carbon advanced technologies, and give preferential treatment to enterprises actively developing low-carbon economy in terms of capital matching and tax reduction and exemption. Thirdly, strengthen technical exchanges and cooperation among international enterprises, promote the transfer of low-carbon technologies from developed countries to China, and integrate the existing low-carbon technologies in the domestic market, and rapidly promote and apply them in various ways to continuously enhance China's technical support capacity for carbon emission reduction. Learn from Japan's practice, invest heavily in developing low-carbon technologies every year, and increase funding for research projects such as developing clean coal technology and collecting and storing carbon molecules, so as to greatly reduce carbon emissions.

(4) Establish a policy system for the development of low-carbon economy. Combined with the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", the development of low-carbon economy is included in the urban and rural development planning and industrial development planning. Study and introduce the financial, tax, industrial and technical policy system under the low-carbon economy model. Learn from the experience of developed countries and guide heavy industry to reduce carbon. Opportunity to launch economic policies such as carbon tax, emissions trading mechanism and tax incentives. Subsidizing producers or economic behaviors that are conducive to the development of low-carbon economy is an important economic means to greatly reduce carbon dioxide emissions, increase industrial energy efficiency and competitiveness, and promote the development of low-carbon economy; It is a common measure in developed countries to implement preferential tax policies for the development of low-carbon economy. Relevant enterprises and individuals who use renewable energy-related equipment can enjoy different tax reductions. In addition, we should actively promote cleaner production mechanism, strengthen financial and financial policy support, and support the establishment of a low-carbon economic policy system.

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